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Getting Real
About Content Workflow 

for Your CMS
Confab Higher Ed 2017 • November 7, 2017
Rick Allen • @epublishmedia
We all have workflow
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
1
Plan a 

thing
2
Do a 

thing
3
Use a 

thing
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishPlan Create Revise Approve Test
Do we have time 

for this?
Really? 

I’m the only 

one here!
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishCreate
For the love of God, 

use spell check.
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishCreate Approve
Don’t touch 

my workflow!
Another thing we all do…
Eat lunch
Getting Real About Content Workflow for Your CMS (Confab Higher Ed 2017)
“Hey, Rick. 

What’s for lunch?”
“Turkey sandwich.”
“Hey, Rick.
What’s for
lunch?”
“Turkey
sandwich.”
“Hey, Rick.
What’s for
lunch?”
“Turkey
sandwich.”
Getting Real About Content Workflow for Your CMS (Confab Higher Ed 2017)
Turkey Sandwich Good Workflow
Exciting
Predictable
Simple
Convenient
Gets the job done
Getting Real
About the Work We Do
State of Drupal 2016 Survey
Source: https://www.drupal.org/blog/moving-the-drupal-8-workflow-initiative-along
WordPress Industry Survey 2016
Source: https://torquemag.io/2016/12/wordpress-industry-survey-2016-results/
What are the biggest challenges working in WordPress?
47% Concerns around security
29% Lack of easy workflow
20% Lack of robust commerce solutions
Workflow helps us wrangle…
Roles & responsibilities
Tasks
Guides & tools
Schedules & deadlines
•
•
•
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
•
Who’s 

doing what?
What do I 

need to do?
How should

I do it?
When should

I do it?
Higher ed 

CMS promises…
21
“Easy.”
“Maximum flexibility.”
“Manage the entire
content life cycle.”
“Exceptional user
experience.”“Instantly publish…
no bottlenecks.”“Built-in logical workflow.”“Easily manage
distributed content.”
“Fully integrated content
workflow system.”
Getting Real About Content Workflow for Your CMS (Confab Higher Ed 2017)
Workflow is the single most
overpurchased aspect of any
CMS. An astonishing amount of
money has been wasted in
pursuit of hypothetical workflow
fantasies that will never see the
light of day.
“
Deane Barker
Author, Web Content Management:

Systems, Features, and Best Practices
Content workflow is a
people problem, not a
technology problem.
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishPlan Create Revise Approve Build
}
CMS Workflow
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
CMS Workflow
PublishPlan Create Revise Approve Build
Now what?
Workflow doesn’t end
with “publish.”
Why standardized 

workflow fails
Reality is the worst:
People work differently
Different 

goals
Different 

habits
Different 

responsibilities
Different 

resources
People work differently
Things are too complex
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishPlan Create Revise Approve Build
unnecessary tasks
Tasks:
• Determine need
for new content

• Request new
content
Tasks:
• Create draft of
new copy

• Send to content
editor for review
Tasks:
• Copyedit

• Return to author
for rewrite or send
for approval
Tasks:
• Review content for
accuracy

• Return to author
for rewrite or
submit for
development
Tasks:
• Build content 

in email or web
template

• Submit for
publication
Tasks:
• Publish
content on
schedule
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishPlan Create Revise Approve Build
Schedule:
• Varies
Schedule:
• 2 days
Schedule:
• 1 day
Schedule:
• 6 hours
Schedule:
• 6 hours
Schedule:
• 3 hour
irrelevant scheduling
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishPlan Create Revise Approve Build
Roles:
• Editor-in-Chief

• Editor

• SME
Roles:
• Author

• Editor
Roles:
• Editor

• SEO Specialist
Roles:
• Editor-in-Chief

• Editor

• SME
Roles:
• Author

• Editor

• Publisher
Roles:
• Author

• Editor

• Publisher
Unclear responsibilities
Wrong tools
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Getting Real About Content Workflow for Your CMS (Confab Higher Ed 2017)
No collaboration
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
PublishPlan Create Revise Approve Build
Getting Real About Content Workflow for Your CMS (Confab Higher Ed 2017)
Source: https://flic.kr/p/cHWjCQ
…sigh.
How to make 

workflow great.
Let’s be happy:
How to make workflow great
Be realistic1.
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Know your culture
Know your culture
Know your resources
Marketing and Communications at Cedarville University
https://www.cedarville.edu/Marketing-and-Communications.aspx
Know your resources
BTSU Student Marketing & Media Team
https://www.bgsu.edu/bowen-thompson-student-union/conference-and-event-services/marketing-and-media-team.html
How to make workflow great
Be realistic
Be simple
1.
2.
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
When we created Camera+, the
concept was to have a
professional camera on your
iPhone. As a photographer, you
think you need lots of knobs and
endless things to adjust each
image…
“
Lisa Bettany
Cofounder, Camera+
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
…But we realized people just
want to capture moments and
share them. When we do add
something, it’s like our clarity
filter that brings out the shadows
and contrast on flat photos,
which everyone can use.
“
Lisa Bettany
Cofounder, Camera+
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
What do you need? Let’s talk.
• What does your content planning and publishing
process look like?
• Who requests, creates, edits, approves,
publishes, and measures content?
• What authoring, publishing and measurement
tools do you use?
• What processes work and what don’t?
really
V
•
•
•
•
Simple things that help make 

content happen
• Web publishing guide
• Web writing guidelines
• Content template
• Content calendar
• Content group
• Training
•
•
•
•
•
•
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Single page
Single page
Single page
Google Sheets
Small, purposeful meetings
Content goals, not CMS features
How to make workflow great
Be realistic
Be simple
Be flexible3.
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
1.
2.
Support the way people really work
Technically, I think the biggest
issue with our current CMS
workflow is that it is hard to be
flexible. I’d like to route different
content to different people…
“
Mike Powers
Director of Electronic Communications
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
… I’d like to send different sorts
of content to different members
of my team. That’s difficult to
impossible. Same for sending
content back for review: just
reject, edit or decline.
“
Mike Powers
Director of Electronic Communications
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Our CMS is…people?
“
Amanda Costello
Lead Content Strategist, CEHD

University of Minnesota
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Use what works
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/mozhet/20131112-confab-keynotehewitt
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Start with Google Docs.
Seriously.
“
Mike Petroff
Senior Associate Director, Content Strategy
Harvard University
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Source: https://library.rit.edu/collaboration-station
Support collaboration
[Collaboration:] It’s not
about latching on to
someone else’s process or
finding the next shiny tool
that will save the day…
“
Rebekah Cancino
Content Strategy and 

User Experience Design Consultant
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
…It's about creating the
environment for our own
process to emerge.“
Rebekah Cancino
Content Strategy and 

User Experience Design Consultant
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
The goal of workflow is
to help people do great
work.
Examples, please!
Editor
Web Group
Editor Editor
Author Author Author AuthorAuthor Author Author Author
Content Strategist
Author Author
Web Group
Content Governance Model (Sample 1)
PublishPlan Create Review/

Approve
Revise
Multiple

Roles
Author Subject Matter

Expert
Editor Editor
• Departments responsible for
their own content

• Quality control

• More expert content
contributors

• Scalable
Benefits
• Reduced sense of
accountability

• Publishing bottlenecks

• Lots of people to train
Risks/Challenges:
Content Workflow Model (Example 1)
Author Author Author
Content Strategist Content Owner
Content Governance Model (Sample 2)
Web Group
RevisePlan Create Publish Review
Multiple

Roles
Author Subject Matter

Expert
Content
Strategist
• No editing/approval
bottlenecks 

• Timely content

• Global oversight
Benefits
• Redundant or duplicate
content (short-term)

• Inaccurate or off-brand content
(short-term)

• Additional responsibility and
training for authors
Risks/Challenges:
Content Workflow Model (Example 2)
Author
Getting Real About Content Workflow for Your CMS (Confab Higher Ed 2017)
Our new workflow involves
a small group of frequent
users who are empowered
to make regular content
additions and changes…
“
Binky Lush & Charlie Morris
Penn State University Libraries
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
…and a content board led
by a content strategist that
will review these changes
after-the-fact, in batches.
“
Binky Lush & Charlie Morris
Penn State University Libraries
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Changes to Make it Work
Hired a content strategist
Created and trained a team of “Author Experts”
Worked with HR to formally add
responsibilities
Created intranet for all staff to publish
•
•
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
•
•
Plan for content workflow
How do people work?
What do they need to get work
done?
•
•
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Remember…
Develop content workflow
Create useful, relevant guides
and tools.
Create content workflow around
common tasks and processes.
Create CMS workflow to support
content workflow.
•
•
•
#ConfabEDU • @epublishmedia
Remember…
Workflow doesn’t need to be boring.
Rick Allen
ePublish Media, Inc.
@epublishmedia
www.epublishmedia.com
Thanks!

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Getting Real About Content Workflow for Your CMS (Confab Higher Ed 2017)