Settlement revision basics
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This document discusses land use in urban areas. It begins by asking questions about how land is used and what land uses can be identified from different data sources. It then presents several models of urban land use, including the Burgess, Hoyt, and MEDC models. It discusses characteristics of different urban land use zones, such as the CBD, industrial zone, inner city, inner suburbs, and outer suburbs. It also provides examples of land use classification into five zones. In conclusion, the document examines questions about sustainable urban redevelopment and how retail provision has changed over time with the rise of out-of-town shopping centers, e-tailing, and clone towns.
Settlement revision basics
- 1. What does this settlement do? What is its function? Why is it located where it is? Do you think it is an 'important' settlement?
- 2. Settlement revision Location factors, land use, zones
- 4. How is land used in urban areas? • 30 seconds…. • List as many different ways that land can be used in urban areas
- 5. What land uses can you identify from G.I.S?
- 7. From an aerial photograph?
- 8. Burgess land use model Outer Suburbs (Rural-Urban Fringe) Inner City/ Twilight Zone Industrial Zone CBD Inner Suburbs
- 9. The Burgess Model can work…but is it accurate? Outer Suburbs Industrial Zone Inner Suburbs Inner City CBD
- 10. The Hoyt Model = CBD = industry = inner city / low class residential = inner suburb (middle class residential) = outer suburb (high class residential)
- 11. MEDC urban land use
- 12. 2. Large 1. Leisure and detached 3. Very few 4. Most entertainment houses with driveways expensive facilities garages houses 8. Grew in 5. Shops and 6. Semi- 7. Newest response to Offices detached increased car houses with ownership gardens 9. High-rise flats may now 10. Parks and 11. Lots of 12. Oldest replace some open spaces public transport run-down areas links 13. Tall high 14. Cheapest 15. Land is 16. Terraced density housing cheaper housing buildings 18. Modern 17. Some out-of -town 19. High-value 20. Industry garages shopping land centres Categorise : 5 zones
- 13. Old Core Little/ No Residential Land has very high value - Historical buildings Many National Chain stores Characteristics Government buildings of a CBD •Many have covered shopping centres Very Accessible Banks, building societies, Estate Agents Entertainment - Traffic Restrictions
- 14. May have derelict Close to CBD for land: land pollution trade / commute issues Found near docks / rivers / coast / transport links Characteristics of Industrial Zone Some areas being redeveloped into Poorer quality trendy modern terraced housing apartment blocks nearby (for workers) Grew rapidly in Industrial Revolution
- 15. High density housing mixed with shops & Social Problems industry Terraced housing Often run down Crowded areas, little open space Characteristics of Houses are small to the Inner City / factories providing make cheaper to Twilight zone employment buy / rent No front or back gardens (just a small back yard) Land values are lower than the CBD but still Population density is very high high.
- 16. Transport links into Land is cheaper…so city you can buy a bigger house More land space available = bigger gardens Fewer corner shops Characteristics of Inner Suburbs Houses are semi- House prices increase detached / large terraced, some have drives or garages Bigger gardens
- 17. Lots of driveways and garages Closer to countryside (rural-urban fringe) Land is cheap = big homes Out-of-town retail parks / Characteristics supermarkets of Outer Suburbs Very few services (have to drive to a Houses are shop) expensive Large detached houses, big gardens
- 18. Questions 1. Why are there so many tall buildings in the CBD? (2) 2. Name 3 features all CBDs have in common? (3) 3. Why do you think the gardens are so small in the inner city? (1) 4. Why do you think driveways become more common in the suburbs? (2) 5. What are the advantages of building retail centres / hypermarkets out of town in outer suburbs? (4)
- 19. LEDC urban land use
- 20. LEDC land use model The most important difference = • In an LEDC the high cost residential is NEAREST the CBD whereas in an MEDC this is reverse. Because…… • In an LEDC, favela / shanty towns are on the outer suburbs. Because…..
- 24. Services & settlements • Smaller settlements = fewer services (mostly low order goods) • Large settlements = more services (including high order, specialist goods) • These services affect the sphere of influence
- 25. Settlement hierarchies & sphere of influence
- 26. Case studies • MEDC = Portsmouth, UK • LEDC = Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 27. Most likely to….. In which zone are you most likely to have the following happen? ….Get your car stolen? ….See a fox at night? ….See a Porsche parked? ….Have a school with good exam grades? ….Have people complaining about noise from their neighbours? ….See empty McDonalds wrappers on the floor? ….Be able to buy milk at 10.30 at night? ….Be able to catch a bus to visit friends anywhere? ….See a police car with its blue lights flashing? ….Hear horses neighing?
- 28. Grid
- 29. Gunwharf and Dockyard: What land uses are in this zone? • • • • • • • Why is this zone located here? Name of this zone: BACK
- 30. Commercial Road: What land uses are in this zone? • • • • • • • Why is this zone located here? Name of this zone: BACK
- 31. North Harbour What land uses are in this zone? • • • • • • • Why is this zone located here? Name of this zone: BACK
- 32. Farlington: What land uses are in this zone? • • • • • • • Why is this zone located here? Name of this zone: BACK
- 33. Southsea: What land uses are in this zone? • • • • • • • Why is this zone located here? Name of this zone: BACK
- 34. Somerstown: What land uses are in this zone? • • • • • • • Why is this zone located here? Name of this zone: BACK
- 35. Examination Case Study Question For an MEDC urban area that you have studied: 1.Locate your chosen place (2) 2.Describe its pattern of land use (4) 3.Explain this pattern of land use (4)
- 36. Grid refs check: 10 questions • Use Tracing paper and 1:25,000 maps of Portsmouth. • Create a key for the 5 land use zones. • Mark out + trace the zones from the OS map onto your tracing paper.
- 37. Land use change • Why does land use change in urban areas? • What are the effects?
- 38. Gunwharf Quays 1999 Gunwharf Quays 2010
- 39. Brownfield or Greenfield – Which is best? Brownfield - A site that has been built on before and is ready for development. Normally associated with urban inner city areas Greenfield – A site that has not been built on before. Often rural/countryside areas. This includes the rural-urban fringe.
- 40. Land use change – multipurpose land use is more sustainable • How sustainable is developing a Brownfield site compared to a Greenfield site? – Quality of life? – Access to services & jobs? – Waste disposal and costs involved? – Energy savings? – Cost to environment? BBC CLIP BBC CLIP 2
- 41. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Brownfield and Greenfield Sites? Advantages of Brownfield Sites Advantages of Greenfield Sites Disadvantages of Brownfield Sites Disadvantages of Greenfield Sites
- 42. Sustainable cities Urban problems and solutions
- 43. Recap: What problems do What is sustainability? cities have that are unsustainable? How do you think a city can be made more sustainable?
- 44. Problems of urban areas Possible sustainable solution • Overcrowding in the inner city • Crime (e.g. vandalism, gang crime, etc.) • Congestion • Noise & air pollution (from factories & cars) • Derelict land
- 45. Sustainable urban redevelopment? BedZed Gunwharf Quays London 2012 Olympics
- 46. HOW HAS RETAIL PROVISION CHANGED OVER TIME?
- 47. Quality of Life Out of town shopping centres / supermarkets How has retail provision changed over time? E-tailing Clone towns MNCs Ethical shopping
- 48. Superstores / Retail Parks • Need a lot of space so locate out-of-town • Often built on greenfield sites • Tend to be near transport points, easy access • Often open late or 24/7 every day • Impacts on CBD : competition, lose business, traffic patterns change • Impacts on suburbs: congestion, noise + air pollution
- 49. E-tailing : online shopping • 20% of all retail is now done online • Most brands now available online, e.g. Virgin Megastore, Tesco, Topshop, etc. . • Advantages? • Disadvantages?
- 50. Clone towns? • A clone town is when a town has mostly the same multinational company chains of shops, cafes and restaurants as in other towns and cities • Key term: MNC (Multinational Company)
- 51. Settlement size vs Retail Provision • The bigger the settlement, the more services & retail provided (especially high order goods) • E.g. small village = local shop, low order goods • E.g. city = covered shopping centres, chain stores, high order goods, expensive brands, etc
- 52. Case study practise • Plan answers (mindmap?) for the case study questions 1-4 in your revision booklet
- 53. Where are you weakest? • Look back over your mock & the self-assess guide in the revision book • Where are you weakest? • Create mindmaps / notes on your weakest areas, e.g. MultiNational Companies (MNCs), e.g. Coca Cola Land use / land use change (Portsmouth / London Olympics) LEDC city (Rio de Janeiro) – favela Etc.