Settlement revision
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This document discusses key concepts related to urban and economic geography. It includes definitions of terms like push and pull factors, urban and rural areas, infrastructure, and zones within cities. It also includes models of urban land use patterns and discusses differences between urban structures in more and less economically developed countries. Case studies are provided on the cities of Portsmouth, UK and Mumbai, India to illustrate characteristics of urban areas.
Settlement revision
- 1. Keywords checkThe movement of people away from urban to rural areas (often as result of urban overcrowding)
- 2. A negative reason which pushes you away from a certain place, e.g. crime
- 3. Highly built up areas, e.g. cities & towns
- 4. Relatively inexpensive & common goods which are purchased frequently, e.g. milk
- 5. The area of more expensive residential development on the outskirts of urban areas
- 6. A positive reason that attracts you towards a place, e.g. hope of employment
- 7. Central Business District, centre of an urban area with commercial value
- 8. The network of basic facilities & services that society needs in order to function, e.g. transport, communications, medical, etc. .
- 9. An area/community where people live
- 10. The countryside
- 11. Useful products / facilities such as shops, schools, libraries, etc. .
- 12. Slum areas found in LEDCs, poor quality spontaneous housing
- 13. The area usually surrounding the CBD which contains terraced working class housing & industry in MEDC cities
- 14. The process of urban areas spreading outwards
- 15. More expensive & rarely found goods, e.g. iPads, designer clothing
- 16. Process of towns / urban areas becoming bigger over time
- 17. Urbanisation
- 18. Push Factor
- 19. Pull Factor
- 20. Suburb
- 21. CBD
- 22. Inner city / Twilight Zone
- 23. Urban Sprawl
- 24. Settlement
- 25. Rural
- 26. Urban
- 27. Infrastructure
- 28. Services
- 32. Shanty townZone 1:Zone 2:Zone 3:Zone 4:Zone 5:The Hoyt Model21Burgess Urban Model=====
- 33. Zone 1:Zone 2:Zone 3:Zone 4:Zone 5:1. Leisure and entertainment facilities3. Very few driveways2. Large detached houses with garages4. Most expensive houses6. Semi-detached houses with gardens5. Shops and Offices8. Grew in response to increased car ownership7. Newest11. Lots of public transport links10. Parks and open spaces9. High-rise flats may now replace some run-down areas12. Oldest16. Terraced housing13. Tall high density buildings15. Land is cheaper14. Cheapest housing18. Modern out-of -town shopping centres17. Some garages19. High-value land20. IndustryMEDC case study: PortsmouthGrew rapidly with Industrial Revolution / dockyard
- 34. Changing land-use from industrial to tourism/univeristy/retail
- 35. Distinct zones but mixed pattern because is an island
- 36. Inner City, e.g. Fratton
- 37. Outer Suburbs, e.g. Cosham
- 38. Why are there tall high density buildings in the CBD?
- 39. Why are gardens so small in the zone near Priory?
- 40. Why do driveways become more common the suburbs?
- 41. Why would retail outlets / hypermarkets be found in the outer suburbs?Land use model for LEDCsDescribe how the pattern of land-use is different from an LEDC to an MEDC urban area:………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………….Exam Qs: Where is the best quality housing found in LEDCs? Why here? (2marks)
- 42. Where are shanty towns/ favelas located? Explain why. (3marks)
- 43. Describe the characteristics of shanty towns. (4marks)LEDC case study: Mumbai, IndiaPopulation 13.8million
- 44. Density 29’000 people per km sq
- 45. Dharavi shanty town, 1million people per km sq
- 46. Average annual income £2780 per person
- 47. Causes of overcrowding: natural increase, urbanisation
- 48. Consequences: shanty town growth, disease, poverty, overcrowding, etc.Increasing frequency of this settlement Increasing population size & servicesVillages/ Brownfield site:Greenfield site:CapitalCitiesTownsVillages HamletsEnvironmental
- 49. Land use change Portsmouth:How has Gunwharf changed from 1999-2011?……………………………………………………………………… ..............................................................................How has Southsea around Priory changed? …………………………………………………………………………Why have these changes occurred? ……………………………………………………………………….Are the changes sustainable? ………………………………………………………………………What is sustainability?What problems do cities have that are unsustainable?Case Studies for urban redevelopment / land use change:Portsmouth (Gunwharf Quays / Southsea)London (2012 Olympics / Greenwich Millennium Village)Dubai (Waterfront/ islands)How do you think a city can be made more sustainable?
- 50. Sustainable urban redevelopment?DubaiGreenwich Millennium VillageGunwharf QuaysLondon 2012 Olympics
- 51. Quality of LifeOut of town shopping centres / supermarketsHow has retail provision changed over time?E-tailingClone townsMNCsEthical shopping
- 52. Exam Qs:Describe two changes in retail provision. ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- 53. How have these changes in retail provision affected the quality of life of people? …….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Case study Qs:Name & locate an urban area you have studied………………………………………………………
- 54. Describe how this urban area has been regenerated …………………………………………..…….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
- 55. Explain how this project is sustainable. …………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………