Lecture script
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This document discusses the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and archaea and lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are found in protists, fungi, animals, and plants and have a nucleus bounded by a nuclear envelope and contain membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells and have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.
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Lecture script
- 1. In this unit we will learn about the two major kinds of living cells, and the difference between the two. Concept - Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions • The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells • Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells The basic features of all cells include the following : – Presence of a plasma membrane – Semifluid substance called cytosol – Chromosomes (carry genes) – Ribosomes (make proteins) • Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having – No nucleus – DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid – No membrane-bound organelles – Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane • Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having – DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope – Membrane-bound organelles – Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus – Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells