Need to replace Furrow Irrigation system by Drip Irrigation system to Improve Qualitative Parameters of Cotton Crop: A Case study of Talod Taluka in Sabarkantha District in Gujarat, India

International Journal for Scientific Research & Development (IJSRD) | Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2013 | ISSN(online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 37
Need to replace Furrow Irrigation system by Drip Irrigation system to
Improve Qualitative Parameters of Cotton Crop: A Case study of Talod
Taluka in Sabarkantha District in Gujarat, India
Ishani Upadhyay1
Falguni Thakur2
Priyank Shah3
1,2
M.E. Student, Water Resource Management Department
3
M. E. Student, Transport Engineering Department
1,2
L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad
3
Government Engineering College, Modasa
Abstract-The Aim of this paper is to replace furrow
Irrigation system by Drip irrigation system to improve
qualitative parameters of cotton crop at its different
physiological stages. (Germination, Initial Vegetative,
Flowering, Boll development and Maturity).As we are
knowing furrow irrigation system requires more water than
drip irrigation system. Our region is affected with drought
once in every four year. Cotton crop needs continuous water
for duration of 140 to 160 days in between May to October.
In month of May and June water table is going down and all
Water resources are at its bottom level during season of
summer.
Keywords: Plant height, Number of bolls, weight of bolls,
Maturity time
I. INTRODUCTION
Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil
through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprays.
Irrigation, defined as a system used for watering crops and
plants, requires proper design and operation along with
experience, science and even some art. Irrigation is one of
the vital inputs of agricultural production system. In fact,
with the development of irrigation and with other
technological inputs the country could increase its grain
production more than four times since independence. Some
have estimated that as little as 15-20 percent of the
worldwide total cultivated area is irrigated. Irrigation
systems are often designed to maximize efficiencies and
minimize labour and capital requirements. The most
effective management practices are dependent on the type of
irrigation system and its design. A large number of
considerations must be taken into account in the selection of
an irrigation system. These will vary from location to
location, crop to crop, year to year, and farmer to farmer. In
general these considerations will include the compatibility
of the system with other farm operations, economic
feasibility, topographic and soil properties, crop
characteristics, and social constraints. [1]
A. Importance of Study Area:
 Talod block watershed is located in the district of
Sabarkantha about 45 Km From district headquarters.
 The study area is characterized by high
temperature and low rainfall
 The Talod block is characterized by Flat with
varying slopes.
 Agricultural land is 70%.
 Maze and cotton is usual crop in the soil.
 Average rain fall is 876mm. (From last five year
data)[2]
Fig.1. Map view of studya area
Table.1. Details of study location
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in
Uzbekistan under drip and furrow irrigation.
In this Paper study about to determine irrigation water
scheduling parameters associated with optimal seed-lint
yield and irrigation water use efficiency, which are poorly
understood in the Central Asian Republic of Uzbekistan.
Field experiment with drip irrigation in comparison to
furrow irrigation was conducted on a deep silt loam soil at
the Central Experiment Station of the Uzbekistan National
Location
Coordinates 23.351949°N Latitude 72.953253°E Longitude
Country India
State Gujarat
District Sabarkantha
Population Total 17,472

Need to replace Furrow Irrigation system by Drip Irrigation system to Improve Qualitative Parameters of Cotton Crop: A Case study of Talod Taluka in
Sabarkantha District in Gujarat, India
(IJSRD/Vol. 1/Issue 1/2013/0011)
Cotton Growing Research Institute at Tashkent in 2003,
2004 and 2005. Crop water use, which we here define as
the sum of transpiration and evaporation, was established
using the soil water balance approach on a weekly basis.
Soil profile water content was determined using a neutron
moisture meter (NMM), which was calibrated in polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) access tubes for each differing soil layer.
Under drip irrigation and the optimal mode (70–70–60% of
FC) of irrigation scheduling, 18–42% of the irrigation water
was saved in comparison with furrow irrigated cotton grown
under the same condition; and irrigation water use efficiency
increased by 35–103% compared with that of furrow
irrigation. Cotton yield was increased 10–19% relative to
that for furrow irrigated cotton. [3]
B. Potential for Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation in India
In this Paper study the water use efficiency under
conventional flood method of irrigation, which is
predominantly practiced in Indian agriculture, is very low
due to substantial conveyance and distribution losses.
Recognizing the fast decline of irrigation water potential and
increasing demand for water from different sectors, a
number of demand management strategies and programme
have been introduced to save water and increase the existing
water use efficiency in Indian agriculture. One such method
introduced relatively recently in Indian agriculture is micro-
irrigation, which includes both drip and sprinkler method of
irrigation. Micro-irrigation (MI) is proved to be an efficient
method in saving water and increasing water use efficiency
as compared to the conventional surface method of
irrigation, where water use efficiency is only about 35-40
percent. Though both drip and sprinkler irrigation methods
are in use over the last two decades or so, not many studies
seem to have studied the potential and prospects of micro-
irrigation covering different states in India. In this study,
therefore, an attempt is made to (a) study the current
research on micro-irrigation, (b) study the past trends in drip
and sprinkler irrigated area across states, (c) analyze the
efficiency of drip and sprinkler irrigation, (d) estimate the
potential area for drip and sprinkler irrigation in different
states and (e) study the reasons for the slow adoption of
micro irrigation as well as to suggest policy/technical
interventions for increasing the adoption of WSTs in the
future. This study shows that the benefits of micro-
irrigation in terms of water saving and productivity gains are
substantial in comparison to the same crops cultivated under
flood method of irrigation. Micro-irrigation is also found to
be reducing energy (electricity) requirement, weed
problems, soil erosion and cost of cultivation. Investment in
micro irrigation also appears to be economically viable,
even without availing State subsidy. Despite this, as of
today, the coverage of drip (2.13 percent) and sprinkler
(3.30 percent) method of irrigation is very meager to its total
potential, which is estimated to be 21.01 million hectares for
drip and 50.22 million hectares of sprinkler irrigation
method. It is identified that slow spread of MI is not mainly
due to economic reasons, but due to less awareness among
the farmers about the real economic and revenue-related
benefits of it. Therefore, apart from promotional schemes,
the study suggests various technical and policy interventions
for increasing the adoption of these two water saving
technologies.[4]
Table. 2. Area for Drip & Sprinkler Irrigation State wise
1) Furrow Irrigation: Narrow field ditches known as
furrow, Excavated between rows of plant and carry
irrigation water through them.
Furrow irrigation avoids flooding the entire field
surface by channeling the flow along the primary direction
of the field using ‘furrows,’
Water is applied to the top end of each furrow and
flows down the field under the influence of gravity.[5]
Fig. 2. Photo showing Furrow irrigation
2) Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation is sometimes called
trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at
very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from a system of small
diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters or
drippers. Water is applied directly at crop root zone.[5]
With drip irrigation water, applications are more
frequent (usually every 1-3 days) than with other methods
and this provides a very favorable high moisture level in the
soil in which plants can flourish.
Drip irrigation is the slow, precise application of
water and nutrients directly to the plants' root zones in a
predetermined pattern using a point source.
A drip irrigation, micro irrigation or trickle
States of India Area in Ha
Maharashtra 194000
Andhra Pradesh 59500
Karnataka 58500
Tamilnadu 46500
Rajasthan 41500
Gujarat 20500
Madhya Pradesh 8800
Kerala 8500
Utter Pradesh 4500
Orissa 3900
Haryana 3400
Punjab 2200
West Bengal 800

irrigation design can be customized to meet specific needs
while maintaining an optimum moisture level within the
root zones, efficiently conserving water that might otherwise
be lost to non-growth areas, runoff, sun or wind, and
providing the proper balance of water and air needed for
successful plant growth.
Drip irrigation system delivers water to the crop
using a network of mainlines, sub-mains and lateral lines
with emission points spaced along their lengths. Each
dripper/emitter, orifice supplies a measured, precisely
controlled uniform application of water, nutrients, and other
required growth substances directly into the root zone of the
plant.[7]
Fig.3. Drip Irrigation working arrangement
3) Crop cotton: Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that
grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of
cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost
pure cellulose. Under natural condition, the cotton bolls will
tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds.
The plant is a shrub native to tropical and
subtropical regions around the world, including the
Americas, Africa, and India. Cotton is an important fibre
yielding crop of global importance, which is grown in
tropical and subtropical regions of more than 80 countries
the world over.
The developmental phases for cotton can be
divided into five main growth stages:
i) Germination and Emergence
ii) Initial vegetative
iii) Flowering stage
iv) Boll development
v) Maturation
Fig. 4. Seasonal development of cotton in the Mid-South
with a May 1 planting date, showing typical production
patterns of squares, bolls and open bolls (Oosterhuis, 1990,
with permission ASA).
The transitions between these stages are not always sharp
and clear. Each stage may also have different physiological
processes operating within specific requirements. [6]
 India is one of the most cotton growing countries.
 India is estimated to have a good surplus of 15.1
million bales (170 kg each). This surplus is about 3 times
the closing stock for this past year ending in September
2012.
 The State of Gujarat will tie its number 1 position
with the State of Maharashtra. Gujarat will have a drastic
decline in cotton production over the last year.
III. DATA COLLECTION
From Cotton Agricultural University, Talod, Gujarat we are
getting below mention data from different survey.
i) Seed cotton yield (Kg/ha)
ii) plant height cm at flowering stage
iii) plant height cm at flowering stage
iv) plant height cm at boll development stage
v) No. of bolls
vi) Boll weight
vii) Maturity stage in days
Furrow irrigation
Villages
Seed
cotto
n
yield
(Kg/h
a)
plant
heigh
t cm
at
flowe
ring
stage
plant
heigh
t cm
at
boll
devel
opme
nt
stage
plant
heigh
t cm
at
Matu
rity
stage
No. of
bolls
Boll
weig
ht
Mat
urit
y
stag
e in
days
Motesary
2200 60 115 125 28.4 3.5 140
1800 55 85 100 27.6 3.6 140
2900 60 125 135 40.0 4.0 135
Antroliv
as
Punjaji
1750 55 100 110 34.9 3.1 140
2100 60 100 115 25.3 1.0 145
2350 60 105 115 29.4 4.4 140
Dadrada
1500 55 80 90 17.8 4.6 120
2150 60 105 115 31.9 3.8 125
1950 50 90 100 33.2 3.7 120
Mahelav
1850 50 90 100 27.3 4.0 130
1700 40 85 95 27.0 3.6 120
2400 55 110 120 35.4 3.8 130
Gambhir
pura
550 40 50 55 14.0 2.0 120
2150 60 105 115 30.7 3.8 130
2700 60 125 135 41.8 3.5 140
Madhavg
adh
2300 60 105 115 36.5 3.5 130
2450 60 110 120 37.8 3.5 140
2400 65 110 120 35.4 3.8 140
Mahiyal 1750 60 100 110 34.9 3.1 120

2300 60 100 115 37.9 3.4 130
2600 65 120 130 40.7 3.7 140
Table. 3. Data regarding Furrow Irrigation Experiment
CONCLUSION
From different data collection and literature review
conclude that if we are going to replace method of irrigation
by drip irrigation there is a improvement in all six
parameters by 15 to 20 %.
We can improve qualitative parameters of cotton crop by
applying drip irrigation system in study area.
FUTURE SCOPE
From test result we conclude that in case study area need to
replace furrow irrigation by Drip Irrigation method. Apply
drip irrigation method and improve crop parameters.
REFERENCES
[1] Irrigation & water resources engineering by S.K Garg
[2] Project Implementing Agency District Watershed
Development Unit Sabarkantha
[3] www.elsevier.com
[4] Potential For Drip And Sprinkler Irrigation In India by A
Narayanmoorthy
[5] Irrigation theory and practices by A.M Maikal
[6] The most critical Period in cotton production by The
cotton foundation, America
[6] WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM

Need to replace Furrow Irrigation system by Drip Irrigation system to Improve Qualitative Parameters of Cotton Crop: A Case study of Talod Taluka in Sabarkantha District in Gujarat, India

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Need to replace Furrow Irrigation system by Drip Irrigation system to Improve Qualitative Parameters of Cotton Crop: A Case study of Talod Taluka in Sabarkantha District in Gujarat, India