Effect of fertigation on increasing the crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency
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The document discusses the technique of fertigation, which combines fertilization and irrigation to enhance crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency, particularly in cash crops. It outlines the advantages, such as increased yield and improved nutrient availability, as well as limitations like initial investment costs and potential clogging issues in the system. The conclusion emphasizes the need for awareness and education regarding fertigation, particularly in sugarcane farming, to optimize yield and resource use efficiency.
Effect of fertigation on increasing the crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency
- 1. SEMINAR on “Effect of Fertigation for increase the crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency’’
- 2. Productivity of crops is based on effective utilization of water and fertilizers along with other nutrients . Provision of optimum quantity of water and fertilizer in most cost efficient manner is the challenge facing the Farmer for profitable farming . The answer to the challenge is fertigation , where both water and fertilizers are delivered to crops simultaneously through a micro irrigation system . Introduction
- 3. – Fertigation Application of fertilizer through irrigation systems is referred as fertigation . FERTIGATION= FERTILIZER + IRRIGATION
- 4. History of fertigation This technique was first started in the late 1960’s in Israel In the year 1970 Arscott first reported that urea applied through irrigation system was more efficient than hand broadcasting on soil surface By 1980, over one million hectare was brought under drip irrigation. After few decades, it became a hi-tech, efficient and a potential method in modern agriculture resulting in higher yields with improved quality of the crop produce.
- 5. Crop suited for fertigation •In India ,fertigation is not common for food crops. To a limited extent , fertigation is used for cash crop like Sugarcane and cotton . •Orchard crops like banana , Citrus, Guava , vegetables like Tomato , chilli , Brinjal, cabbage cauliflower etc. and flowers like Rose Carnation , Gerbera are the major crops under fertigation .
- 6. Advantages of Fertigation Increased in yield by 25-30 % Improve Fertilizer use efficiency . Fertilizer application is more accurate and uniform distribution . Nutriet can be applied as per plant requirement . Minimizes nutrient losses through leaching & Evaporation . Nutrients are immediately available to plant Saving in time, labour, energy . Helps in effective weed management.
- 7. Limitations Initial investment is high Chemical reaction in drip system leading to corrosion and precipitation of fertilizer Clogging of emitter. Concentration of the solution decreases as the solution dissolve. This may lead to poor nutrient placement. Possible pressure loss in the main irrigation line.
- 8. Component of drip irrigation
- 9. Dosification There are two types of fertigation the type of fertigation chosen depends on the crop grown, the soil type and farm management system. •Quantitative fertigation •Proportional fertigation
- 10. Proportional •The nutrients are is applied in a constant and proportional ratio to the water sheet, so that the irrigation water takes a fixed concentration of the applied fertilizer. •In this case the fertilizers are applied by direct injection through fertilizer pumps.
- 11. Quantitative fertigation •It is the application of the plant nutrients in predetermined concentrations to the irrigation system. • The fertilizer is applied in a pulse after a certain water sheet without fertilizer using a fertilizer tank.
- 13. Fertilizer injection methods Modern fertigation equipment should be able to regulate: • Quantity applied •Duration of applications •Proportion of fertilizers •Starting and finishing time
- 15. Pressure differential (by-pass tank) • A pressure differential tank system is based on the principle of a pressure differential created by a valve, pressure regulation, elbows or pipe friction in the mainline. • The pressure difference forces the water to enter through a by-pass pipe into a pressure tank which contains the fertilizer, and to go out again, carrying a varying amount of dissolved fertilizer
- 16. Vaccum injection (Venturi) This method uses a venturi device to cause a reduced pressure (vaccum) that sucks the fertilizer solution into the line
- 17. Pump injection Pumps are used to inject the fertilizer solution from a supply tank into the line. Injection energy is provided by electric motors, hydraulic motors (diaphragm and piston)
- 19. Characteristics of fertilizer suitable for fertigation • High nutrient content ,readily available to plants. • Fully water soluble at field temperature condition. • No clogging of filters and emitters. • Low content of insoluble's (.02%) • Compatible with other fertilizers. • Minimal interaction with irrigation water. • No drastic changes of water pH .
- 20. Nutrient which can be fertigated Nitrogen fertigation Nitrogen is most commonly used nutrient through drip fertigation. Almost all nitrogenous fertilizer are suitable for drip fertigation except Ammonium sulphate which causes precipitation of Ca sulphate and Mg sulphate. Urea is well suited for fertigation it is readily dissolve in non ionic form and does not react with the substance dissolve in water.
- 21. Liquid fertilizers are best for fertigation as they readily dissolve in irrigation water . But lack of easy availability and high cost restrict their use . Fertigation using granular fertilizers pose several problems like difference in their solubility in water , compatibility among different fertilizers and problem of filtration of undissolved fertilizers.
- 22. Drip Drip fertigation Localized Uniform Surface irrigation Leaching Nutrient distribution pattern
- 25. Nutrient Use Efficiency - Efficiency is defined as the amount of product produced per unit of resource used. Three types of efficiency are classified by Craswell and Godwin (1984): • Agronomic efficiency • Physiological efficiency • Apparent recovery efficiency
- 26. Import of fertilizers of values Rs 34600 crores (2012- 13). Loss of Rs 2900cr. In India due to losses of N fertilizer. 1% increase in NUE in N & P will save Rs. 10056 million. Human health issue- in Punjab & Haryana ground water samples had Nitrate-N of >22mg/L. Why NUE ??? Source:-https://www.fertilizer.org/statistics
- 27. Indices of nutrient use efficiency
- 32. Need of fertigation in Sugarcane??? For efficiently manage water and fertilizer is the adoption of micro-fertigation technology for increasing the WUE of up to 70-90% and saving in nutrient by 40-50%. In order to meet the demand of growing population we need to produce around 415 M tonnes by 2020 It is recognised that out of total fertilizer application only 50-60% of the nutrient enter into the plant and rest is waste.
- 33. Sugarcane being a giant crop producing huge quantity of biomass generally need high amount of nutrient. The cost of chemical fertilizer also increased and there is a need of increase FUE. The best answer to challenge is FERTIGATION. Fertigation ensures that essential nutrients are supplied precisely at the area of most intensive root activity according to the specific requirements of sugarcane crop at that particular stage and type of soil resulting in higher cane yield and sugar recovery.
- 34. Fertigation schedule for seasonal (12 month)/ Ratoon sugarcane
- 35. Possible water use efficiency of different irrigation systems of Sugarcane
- 36. Water saving , yield and profit under drip and drip fertigation systems
- 37. Fertilizer efficiency of various application methods in sugarcane Source - irrigation Agronomy ,S.R. Reddy G.K. Reddy , kalyani Publishers
- 38. Yield of sugarcane as influenced by fertigation levels
- 39. Effect of N through fertigation on yield, quality parameters in Sugarcane
- 40. Growth and yield of Sugarcane as influenced by different levels of Fertigation
- 41. Economics of Sugarcane as influenced by different treatments of fertigation
- 42. Comparison of cane yield, water use and economics of Sugarcane under SSDF and conventional method
- 43. Growth and yield of Sugarcane as influenced by different levels of fertigation
- 44. Conclusion •It is concluded that fertigation can play significant role in sugarcane forming not only to increase the yield and it increase the quality of sugarcane, but also increase WUE and NUE. •This require creating better awareness and education both extension workers and farmers. •In other words we can say that the fertigation technology is now the need of the hour.
- 45. • Hanson, Blaine R., Hopmans, Jan, Simunek, Jirka. "Effect of Fertigation Strategy on Nitrogen Availability and Nitrate Leaching using Microirrigation". HortScience 2005 40: 1096 • Acquaah G 2002. Principles of crop production. Prentice- Hall of India , New Delhi. • Bucks DA, Nakayana FS and Warrick 1982. Principle practices and potential of trickle(drip) irrigation , In: Hilleld (ed) advances in irrigation . Vol. 1, Academic Press,New York. • Michael AM 1999. Irrigation: theory and practices. Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. • Minehart j 1976. a guide to application of irrigation water. US agency for International Devlopment .New Delhi. • Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency Terry L. ROBERTS* International Plant Nutrition Institute, 3500 Parkway Lane, Suite 550 Norcross, Georgia 30092 USA Received: 09.01.2008 • http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_nutrientmgt_fertigation.html • https://www.ipipotash.org/en/presentn/rtifohc.php • http://www.hillagric.ac.in/research/HJAR/publication/HJAR_Vol/Volume-41(2)/2.HJAR- 41(2)-114-121-2015-Sandal-and-Kapoor.pdf • http://scienceandnature.org/IJSN_Vol7(4)D2016/IJSN-VOL7(4)16-9.pdf References