ICEIS tutorial 2019: BUSINESS PROCESS CANVAS AND ITS USAGE IN IS TEACHING AND LEARNING
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The document describes the Business Process Canvas (BPC) and its usage for teaching business process modeling. The BPC provides a simplified view of a business process through a visual canvas with three sections: Outside, Inside, and Resources. The Outside section describes the process context and goals. The Inside section lists the activities, milestones, and outcomes. The Resources section identifies the participants and means used. The BPC aims to facilitate understanding of complex processes through its simple and systemic representation. An example use case of a membership management process is demonstrated. Students found the BPC approach useful and intuitive for learning.
ICEIS tutorial 2019: BUSINESS PROCESS CANVAS AND ITS USAGE IN IS TEACHING AND LEARNING
- 1. BUSINESS PROCESS CANVAS AND ITS USAGE IN IS TEACHING AND LEARNING A tutorial by Ilia Bider 21th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems ICEIS2019 Based on: Koutsopoulos, G. & Bider, I., 2018. Business Process Canvas as a Process Model in a Nutshell. In Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling, LNBIP, Vol. 318. Springer, pp.49-63. http://bit.ly/2NseOFu http://bit.ly/2NseOFu
- 3. Motivation (beyond teaching) "It is now very common to find organizations where as soon as you scratch the surface you discover that nobody really understands how the whole business works” a fact which leads to “the need for an architectural model that provides business leaders with a model of the enterprise that they can genuinely use to understand how it operates”(Hoverstadt, 2013). This viewpoint can also be applied to business processes, especially complex ones. Current state-of-the-art business process modeling techniques are focused on depicting the internal behavior of a business process in a usually rigid and complex diagrammatic way. Internal operational details of a process are not enough to facilitate understanding. Deeper understanding Simplicity Possible solutions Positioning the process in the organizational ecosystem Including why the process exists The canvas approach Hoverstadt, P. (2013). Why Business should take Enterprise Architecture seriously. In J. Gøtze & A. Jensen-Waud (Eds.), Beyond Alignment: Applying Systems Thinking in Architecting Enterprises (Vol. 3, pp. 55–166). College Publications.
- 4. Theoretical Background – A Systems View on Processes Systems coupling diagram From Lawson, H.W., 2010. A journey through the systems landscape. Systems Series, Volumes 1 and 5, College Publications. Respondent System – The system created to respond to the situation where the parallel bars indicate that this system interacts with the situation and transforms the situation to a new situation. System Assets – The assets of a bigger system that are to be utilized in responding to situations.
- 5. Business Process as a System • BPI - On the instance level, we consider a Business Process Instance as a temporal system created for handling a specific situation, for example a request for quotation. After the situation has been dealt with, the temporal system is disbanded. • BPWS - On the type level, we consider that for each type there exists a permanent socio-technical system that is responsible for starting and monitoring process instances of the given type, and supplying them with resources/assets needed for attaining the instances operational goals, such as people, tools (e.g. IT systems), procedures (e.g. manuals, process maps). We call this system a Business Process Work System
- 7. BPC Structure Outside – upper part of the canvas marked with the orange color Resources – right bottom part of the canvas marked with the green color Inside – left bottom part of the canvas marked with the blue color
- 8. Outside section components • Purpose • Strategic goal • Category • Initiation of instance • Related processes
- 9. Outside section components (continued) Purpose • The primary aim of the process • Α general description of why the process exists • Νο detailed information is included Strategic goal • Adds details to the purpose • Lists additional goals that should be achieved • Usally long-term and qualitative • Attributes: • Attainability • Measurability • Time- boundedness Category • A classification of the process as: • Main: Value delivering process • Supporting: Facilitating or enabling other processes • Strategic: Enabling organizational transformation Initiation of instance • A set of conditions that trigger the creation of a process instance Related processes • The processes that exist in the organization and that are directly or indirectly connected to the given process • Each related process has its own category, depicted as type in tha canvas
- 10. Inside section components • Operational goal • Milestones (sub-goals) • Main activities/tasks • Constraints • Exceptions • Outcomes
- 11. Inside section components (continued) Operational goal • Defines what an instance of the given process type is aimed to achieve • A condition on when the instance could be considered as finished Milestones (sub- goals) • A number of intermediate process instance states that represent sub- goals to be achieved on the way to achieving the operational goal of the given instance Main activities/tasks • A list of the most important actions performed by participants during the execution of a process instance • Only the main activities are included • May be atomic or composite Constraints • A set of conditions that impose constraints on how the process instance execution is driven • Associated to activities, milestones or both • Defined informally Exceptions • A list of possible abnormal states occuring during the execution of the process instance • Unexpected events or absent expected events Outcomes • A classification of legitimate process instance endings as: • Positive, when value is successfully delivered to one or more beneficiaries • Negative, when partial or no value has been delivered
- 12. Resources section components • Participants • Means
- 13. Resources section components (continued) • A list of human or organizational entities that may be: • Active, if they perform actions during a process instance execution, and can be further classified based on their degree of specialization as: • Totally universal, when they have no specialization in any process activity or task • Totally specialized, when they have absolute specialization in the performance of specific process activities or tasks • Any state in between • Passive, if they are directly affected by active participants’ actions, and can be further classified based on their status of physicalness as: • Physical, when they are material and tangible • Virtual, when they are immaterial and intangible • Both, which can additionally be classified based on their degree of mobility as: • Totally immobile, when they cannot be moved to another location • Totally mobile, when they can be moved without substantial costs • Any state in between • A special type of participant is the beneficiary • Associated to these attributes in the canvas using code letters • Participants can also be internal or external to the process Participants • A list of tools, techniques and methods used by process instance participants to perform activities and tasks during the execution of an instance • Can also be classified according to mobility and physicalness but this categorization is not needed in the canvas Means
- 14. BPC demonstration - A use case Harmony Inside AB is a Swedish company that provides services and products to the individuals who suffers from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) using the FODMAP method. The company is a startup coming into the growth phase. It was started by two dietitians that are now expanding their business and moving it to the web. The products and services include cooking recipes, food store, books, general advice, an online course and individual consultations. The chosen method of payment is membership with monthly fees. There are three levels of member subscription: Starter, Standard and Premium. The first two levels concern one way only interaction, cooking recipes, general advice, an online course and some other services. The third level of membership includes individual consultation and treatment by a dietitian through an online platform.
- 15. The use case BPC
- 16. Conflict resolution between a property owner and a tenant The process described below belongs to a regional office of a non-profit interest organization, called the Association of Tenants, Region West Sweden (in Swedish: Hyresgästföreningen, Region Västra Sverige), abbreviated to HGF. HGF organizes more than 60 000 tenants and the purpose of the regional office, which has about 60 employees, is to guard the interests of its members. This is done in a number of areas, such as offering legal and practical help to its members, conducting rent negotiation on behalf of its members, and lobbying. The membership is by subscription, any person renting a flat in the region can become a member; all members pay monthly fee to HGF, which constitutes the major financial resource for HGF operations. See an additional sheet at http://bit.ly/2UPy7iQ
- 18. An example of a solution
- 19. Canvas Evolution – Implementation of software changes: 1
- 20. Canvas Evolution – Implementation of software changes: 2
- 21. Canvas Evolution – Implementation of software changes: 3
- 22. Canvas Evolution – Implementation of software changes: 4
- 24. Q & A Thank you for your time and patience Questions and comments Your opinions http://bit.ly/2v17yby http://bit.ly/2v17yby Contact: ilia@dsv.su.se Check also the original paper: Koutsopoulos, G. & Bider, I., 2018. Business Process Canvas as a Process Model in a Nutshell. In Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling, LNBIP, Vol. 318. Springer, pp.49-63. http://bit.ly/2NseOFu http://bit.ly/2NseOFu