Components of die
- 1. COMPONENTS OF DIE ILYAS HUSSAIN- P2MFG15006
- 2. DIE • A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material mostly using a press. • Products made with dies range from simple paper clips to complex pieces used in advanced technology.
- 3. BASIC DIE COMPONENTS 1. Die Plates, Shoes, and Die Sets • Die plates, shoes, and die sets are steel or aluminum plates that correspond to the size of the die and serve as the foundation for mounting the working die components. • The upper and lower die shoes assembled together with guide pins create the die set. • The die shoe thickness is based on how much force can be expected during cutting and forming.
- 4. 2. Guide Pins and Bushings • Guide pins (guide posts or pillars) and guide bushings align the upper and lower die shoes precisely. • There are only two basic types of guide pins and bushings— friction pins and ball bearing style pins. • Friction pins are precision ground pins that are slightly smaller than the guide bushing's inside diameter.
- 5. 3. Heel Blocks and Heel Plates • Heel blocks are special steel blocks that are precision machined, screwed, doweled, and often welded to both the upper and lower die shoes. • They contain components called wear plates and function to adsorb any side thrust that may be generated during the cutting and forming processes. • Heel blocks can be used to heel the die in any or all directions. Box heels often are used to heel the die in all directions.
- 6. 4. Screws, Dowels, and Keys • Screws fasten and secure the working components to both the upper and lower die shoes. The socket head cap screw is the most popular fastener used in stamping dies. • Dowels are hardened, precision ground pins that precisely locate the die section or component in its proper location on the die shoe. • Keys are small, rectangular blocks of precision ground steel that are inserted into milled pockets in the die shoes and sections called keyways.
- 7. 5. Pads • A pad is simply a pressure loaded plate, either flat or contoured, that holds, controls, or strips the metal during the cutting and forming processes. • Several types of pads are used in stamping dies. Depending on their function, pads can be made from soft low carbon steel or hardened tool steel.
- 8. 6. Spools, Shoulder Bolts, and Keepers • Spools, shoulder bolts, and keepers are used to fasten pads to the die shoes while allowing them to move up and down.
- 9. 7. Retainers • Retainers hold or secure cutting or forming die components to both the upper and lower die shoes. • One of the most popular retainers is a ball lock retainer, a high precision, accurately manufactured die component that secures and aligns both cutting and forming punches. • The advantage of ball lock retainers is that they allow the die maintenance technician to remove and reinstall punches quickly.
- 10. 8. Springs • Springs supply the force needed to hold, strip, or form metal. Many different springs are used. • Spring selection is based on many factors, including the required force and travel, the spring's life expectancy, and, of course, cost.
- 12. MAIN COMPONENTS OF DIE AND THERE FUNCTIONS • Bolster Plate: A plate that is designed to hold in place the lower die shoe. The bolster plate is attached to the top surface of the press bed. • Die Button: A hardened steel tube that provides the opening for the punch during operation. During a shearing operation, the slug or blank passes through this opening. • Guide Post: A hardened rod positioned in the lower die shoe that fits into a bushing in the upper die shoe to guide the punch during operation.
- 14. • Guide Post Bushing: A hardened steel tube that slides over the guide post and directs the upper die shoe during operation. • Lower Die Shoe: The lower plate of a die set that supports the die retainer and die button. • Upper Die Shoe: The upper plate of a die set that secures the punch retainer. • Punch: The tool typically attached to the upper portion of the die set that shapes or penetrates the sheet metal. • Ram: The main upper portion of the press that slides up and down within the press frame. The upper die shoe is attached to the ram. • Stripper : A plate designed to remove sheet metal stock from the punch as it pulls away from the die during the operation.
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