A Novel Multi Level Converter Unified Power – Quality (MC-UPQC) Conditioning System on Line Loading, Losses , and Voltage Stability of Radial Distribution Systems

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2222
A Novel Multi level Converter Unified Power – Quality (MC-UPQC)
Conditioning System On line Loading, Losses , And Voltage Stability Of
Radial Distribution Systems
Shaik Azharuddin1, B Venkata Ramana2
1 PG Student , Dept of EEE , Thandrapaparaya Institute of Science & Techonology,AP,India
2Assistant Professor , Dept of EEE , Thandrapaparaya Institute of Science & Techonology,AP,India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract – This Project Presents a new unified power
quality Conditioning System (MC – UP QC) , Capable of
Simultaneous compensation for voltage and current in
multi-bus/multi-feeder systems. In this Configuration, One
Shunt Voltage – Source Converter (Shunt VSC) and two or
more serices VSCs exist.Therefore, Power can be Transfored
from one feeder to adjacent feeders to companste for
sag/swell and interruption. The proposed topology can be
used for simultaneous compensation of voltage and current
imperfections in both feeders by sharing power
compensation capabilities between two adjacent feeders
which are not connected.The simulation results show that a
significant amount of power-loss reduction, under voltage
mitigation, and the enhancement of voltage stability margin
can be obtained with an appropriate placement of the MC-
UPQC in a distribution network. The performance
comparison of the MC-UPQC with one previously reported
design approach shows that it is more efficient in under
voltage mitigation.
Key Words : Multi Level Converter , Unified Power-
Quality, Voltage Stability
1.INTRODUCTION
In recent years, Power engineers are increasingly
concerned over the quality of the electrical power. In
modern industries, load equipment uses electronic
controllers which are sensitive to poor voltage quality and
will shut down if the supply voltage is depressed and may
mal- operate in other ways if harmonic Distortion of the
supply voltage is excessive. Most of this modern load
equipment uses electronic switching devices which can
contribute to poor network voltage quality. The
competition in electrical energy supply has created greater
commercial awareness of the issues of power quality
while equipment is readily available to measure the
quality of the voltage waveform and so quantify the
problem. The FACTS devices and Custom power devices
are introduced to electrical system to improve the power
quality of the electrical power. DVR, DSTATCOM, ACTIVE
FILTERs, UPQC etc are some of the devices used to
improve the power quality of the voltage and current.
With the help of these devices we are capable to reduce
the problems related to power quality.
Although all devices can improve the power
quality but in this the focus is on UPQC.UPQC is a power
electronic device consisting of both DVR and D-STATCOM,
former is connected in series and latter is connected in
parallel to protect the sensitive load from all disturbances.
1.1 Scope of Work
This dissertation proposes the MATLAB SIMULINK
model of unified power quality conditioner which is used
for the improvement of power quality at distributionlevel.
The major objectives are summarized as follows:Study the
model of UPQC. Investigating the performance of Unified
Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) using the proportional
integral control in distribution systems.
1.2 Definition of Power Quality
Power quality has different meanings to different people.
Institute of Electrical.All electrical devices are prone to
failure or malfunction when exposed to one or more
power quality problems. The main reasons for concern
with power quality (PQ) are as following:End user devices
become more sensitive to PQ due to many microprocessor
based controls. Continuous development of high
performance equipment: Such equipment is more
susceptible to power disturbances. The realization of
quality electrical power is the responsibility of the
suppliers and users of electricity. Suppliers are in the
business of selling electricity to widely varying client. The
need of one user is usually not the same as the needs of
other users. Most electrical equipment is designed to
operate within a voltage of ±5% of nominal with marginal
decrease in performance.
2. Responsibilities of the suppliers and users of
electrical power
The realization of quality electrical power is the
responsibility of the suppliers and users of electricity.
Suppliers are in the business of selling electricity to widely
varying client. The need of one user is usually not the same
as the needs of other users. Most electrical equipment is
designed to operate within a voltage of ±5% of nominal
with marginal decrease in performance. For the most part,

utilities are committed to adhering to these limits. At
locations remote from substations supplying power from
small generating stations, voltages outside of the ±5%
limit are occasionally seen. Such variation could have a
negative impact on loads such as motors and fluorescent
lighting. The overall effects of voltage outside the nominal
are not that significant unless the voltage approaches the
limits of ±10% of nominal. Also, in urban areas, the utility
frequencies are rarely outside ±0.1 Hz of the nominal
frequency. This is well within the operating tolerance of
most sensitive. This is resulting in increasing harmonic
level on power systems and has many people concerned
about the future impact on system capabilities.End users
have an increased awareness of power quality issues.
Utility customers are becoming better informed about
such issues as interruptions, sags, and switching
transients and are challenging the utilities to improve the
quality of power delivered.
Table -1:
There is an increased concern of power quality due to the
following reasons:
New-generation loads that use microprocessor
and microcontroller based controls and power electronic
devices, are more sensitive to power quality variations
than that equipments used in the past. The demand for
increased overall power system efficiency resulted in
continued growth of devices such as high-efficiency
adjustable-speed motor drives and shunt capacitors for
power factor correction to reduce losses. This is resulting
in increasing harmonic level on power systems and has
many people concerned about the future impact on system
capabilities.End users have an increased awareness of
power quality issues. Utility customers are becoming
better informed about such issues as interruptions, sags,
and switching transients and are challenging the utilities
to improve the quality of power delivered.
Normal waveform
Interruption
Long-duration variations can be categorized as over
voltages, under voltages or sustained interruptions.
Voltage Fluctuations or Flicker
Voltage imbalance
A voltage imbalance is a variation in the amplitudes of
three-phase voltages, relative to one another. Voltage
imbalance can be the result of different loads on the
phases, resulting in different voltage drops through the
phase-line impedances. Waveform distortion is defined as
a steady-state deviation from an ideal sine wave of power
frequency principally characterized by the spectral
content of the deviation.
In
de
x
Desc
ripti
on Examples
Power
Quality
Indices
I
Low
power
quality
Serviceentranceswitchboard,
lightingpower
probl
ems distribution panel
II
Mode
rate
po
we
r HVAC power panels
quality
problems
III High
po
we
r
Panels supplying adjustable
speed drives, elevators,
quality
problems large motors

Harmonics
Harmonic distortion levels can be described by the
calculating total harmonic distortion (THD) which
measures the complete harmonic spectrum with
magnitudes and phase angles of each individual harmonic
component
The most widely used solution for limitation of the fault
currents is to use a transformer with a split secondary
winding (or a three windings transformer) and current
limiting reactors. The basic configuration of Solid State
Current Limiter is shown
Solid State Current Limiter
The SSTS can be used very effectively to protect sensitive
loads against voltage sags, swells and other electrical
disturbances. The SSTS provides continuous high-quality
power supply to sensitive loads by transferring, within a
time scale of milliseconds, the load from a faulted bus to a
healthy one.
Solid State Transfer Switch
The basic configuration of this device consists of
two three-phase solid-state switches, one for the main
feeder another for the backup feeder. Each time a fault
condition is detected in the main feeder, the control
system swaps the firing signals to the thyristors in both
switches, i.e., Switch 1 in the main feeder is deactivated
and Switch 2 in the backup feeder is activated. The control
system measures the peak value of the voltage waveform
at every half cycle and checks whether or not it is within a
pre-specified range.
Distribution STATCOM
DVR injects a voltage component in series with
the supply voltage, thus compensating voltage sags and
swells on the load side. It works as a harmonic isolator to
prevent the harmonics in the source voltage reaching the
load in addition to balancing the voltages and providing
voltage regulation.
Dynamic Voltage Restorers
The best protection for sensitive loads from sources with
inadequate quality, is shunt-series connection i.e. unified
power quality conditioner (UPQC).The series compensator
is operated in PWM voltage controlled mode. It injects
voltage in quadrature advance to the supply voltage
(current) such that the load end voltage is always
maintained at the desired value. The two inverters operate
in a coordinated manner.
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)

Each of Custom Power devices has its own
benefits and limitations. The UPQC is expected to be one of
the most powerful solutions to large capacity loads
sensitive to supply voltage and load current disturbances
/imbalance. The most effective type of these devices is
considered to be the Unified Power Quality Conditioner
(UPQC). There are numerous reasons why the UPQC is
preferred over the others. UPQC is much flexible than any
single inverter based device. It can simultaneously correct
for the unbalance and distortion in the source voltage and
load current where as all other devices either correct
current or voltage distortion. Therefore the purpose of
two devices is served by UPQC only.
PI controller
A PI-Lead controller is a proportional gain in parallel with
an integrator; both in series with a lead controller. The
proportional gain provides fast error response. The
integrator drives the system to a steady-state error. PI
controller is one of the most widely sought after controller
in industry as it is the simplest to design.
Circuit Model of UPQC Test System
In this system, the generating unit with a test
system employed to carry out the simulations concerning
the UPQC Actuation. The output from generating unit is
fed to the primary of the three winding transformer.
Further two parallel feeders of 11KV each are drawn
In this work, the role of Unified power quality conditioner
for power quality improvemenDistributionnetwork having
adjustable speed drive load i.e. field oriented induction
motor.
Distribution network having field oriented control
induction motor as load during fault conditions.
Simulation results for an upstream fault on Feeder2:
BUS2 voltage, compensating voltage, and loads L1 and
L2 voltages.
Phase Voltage during sag condition
Nonlinear load current, compensating
current,Feeder1 current, and capacitor voltage.
3. CONCLUSIONS
In the project, the main objectives for the
utilization of the studied equipment have been to reducing
the distortion level occurring in the cases of harmonics
generating loads in distribution networks and highly
improving the power quality of the system. The
MATLAB/SIMULINK were used to carry out extensive
simulation studies on unified power quality conditioner
and for the controlling purpose the proportional integral
controller is used and adjustable speed drive is used as a
load . Therefore, UPQC is considered to be an efficient
solution. Unified power quality conditioner is capable of

reducing the level of THD in the case of networks which
are connected to the harmonics generating load (like ASD).
All type of faults (single line to ground, double line to
ground, three phase line to ground fault are also
compensated using UPQC.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my sincere obligation to thank my guide Mr.
B.Venkata Ramana, Asst.professor for his immeasurable
beneficent help, with timely suggestions, insurmountable
guidance & constant encouragement given for me I
express my gratitude to the Principal Mr. Joshua Jai
Prasad, for providing necessary co-operation to me
REFERENCES
[1] Impact of Unified Power - Quality Conditioner
allocation on line Loading, Losses , and Volage
Stability of Radial distribution Systems Sanjib
Ganguly , Mmeber , IEEE
[2] M.Rastogi ,R.Naik , and N.Mohan , “A” comparative
evaluation of harmonic reduction techiques in
three phase utility interface of power electrnic
loads, “IEEE Trans . Ind . Appl , Vol . 30 ,
no.5,pp.1149-1155,Sep./Oct 1994.
[3] F.Z.Peng ,” Application issues of active power
filters ”, IEEE Ind . Appl.Mag. , Vol.4, no.5, pp.21-
30,Sep../Oct. 1998.
[4] H.Akagi , “New trends in active filters for power
conditioning”EEETrans.Ind.Appl.,Vol.32,no.6,pp.1
3112-1322,Nov./Dec.1996.
[5] C.Sankaran, “ Power Quality” , CRC Press LLC,
2002.
BIOGRAPHIES
Shaik Azharuddin
P G Student,
Department of EEE,
Thandrapaparaya Institute
of Science and Teconology ,
Komatapalli,Bobbili.
B Venkata Ramana
Assistant Professor
Department of EEE,
Thandrapaparaya Institute
Of Science and Teconology,
Komatapalli , Bobbili.

A Novel Multi Level Converter Unified Power – Quality (MC-UPQC) Conditioning System on Line Loading, Losses , and Voltage Stability of Radial Distribution Systems

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to A Novel Multi Level Converter Unified Power – Quality (MC-UPQC) Conditioning System on Line Loading, Losses , and Voltage Stability of Radial Distribution Systems (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

A Novel Multi Level Converter Unified Power – Quality (MC-UPQC) Conditioning System on Line Loading, Losses , and Voltage Stability of Radial Distribution Systems