Improved Controller for the Dual Topology of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC) in Power-Quality Compensation and Microgrid Applications

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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IMPROVED CONTROLLER FOR THE DUAL TOPOLOGY OF THE UNIFIED
POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER (IUPQC) IN POWER-QUALITY
COMPENSATION AND MICROGRID APPLICATIONS
POOJARI NARESH KUMAR1, P.NAGENDRA2, M. SHOBHA3, K.SWETHA4
1 PG Scholor, MTECH (PE), CVRT, Andhrapradesh, India
2 Assistant Professor, Dept of EEE, CVRT, Andhrapradesh, India
3 Associate Professor & HOD, Dept of EEE, CVRT, Andhrapradesh, India
4 Assistant Professor, Dept of EEE,Andhrapradesh, India
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Abstract:- This project presentsanimprovedcontrollerfor the
dual topology of the unifiedpowerqualityconditioner(iUPQC)
extending its applicability in power-quality compensation, as
well as in micro grid applications. By utilizing this controller,
past the ordinary UPQC power quality elements, including
voltage sag/swell pay, the iUPQC will likewise give receptive
power support to manage the heap bus voltage as well as the
voltage at the grid-side bus. At the end of the day, the iUPQC
will act as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) at
the grid side, while giving likewise the ordinary UPQC
remunerations at the heap or micro grid side. Exploratory
outcomes are given to confirm the new usefulness of the
hardware.
Index Terms—iUPQC, microgrids, power quality, static
synchronous compensator (STATCOM), unified power
quality conditioner (UPQC).
INTRODUCTION
Voltage sag is a standout amongst the most critical issues
confronting mechanical and extensive business clients [15].
As of late, utilities have been confronted with an expanding
number of grievances about voltage sag. The most well-
known reason for voltage sagispower systemshortcomings,
despite the fact that lightning strikes and engine begins are
likewise reasons for this issue. Single line-to-ground
deficiencies are in charge of the larger part of occurrences of
voltage sag on the system, and are equipped for delivering a
decrease to 33% of the ostensible voltage. Three-stage
deficiencies are less normal, nonetheless they are related
with more extreme issues. Another factor which impactsthe
magnitude of the sag is the area of the blame. A client
arranged in closeness to a blame will encounter a more
serious voltage sag than a client situated at a more
noteworthy separation from the blame. Hardware, for
example, PCs, prepare controllers, and power electronic
device are infamous for their affectability to power quality
unsettling influences. DC drives and chiller controls are
additionally very touchy, and can stumble on a lessening in
the voltage as little as 10%. Voltage sag is to a great degree
troublesome, if not difficult to forestall, in spite of the fact
that it is conceivable to diminish the impact on equipment.
The voltage sags as characterized by IEEE Standard 1159,
IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power
Quality, is ―a diminish in RMS voltage or current at the
power recurrence for terms from 0.5 cycles to 1 minute,
detailed as the rest of the voltage‖. Ordinary esteems are
between 0.1 p.u. what's more, 0.9 p.u., and run of the mill
blame clearing times extend from three to thirty cycles
contingent upon the blame current magnitude and the kind
of finished current location and interference. Phrasing used
to depict the magnitude of voltage sag is frequently
confounding. The prescribed phrasing as indicated by IEEE
Std. 1159 is ―the sag to 20%,‖ which implies that line
voltage is decreased to 20% of typical esteem. Another
definition as given in IEEE Std. 1159, 3.1.73 is ―A variety of
the RMS estimation of the voltagefromostensiblevoltage for
a period more noteworthy than 0.5 cycles of the power
recurrence yet not exactly or equivalent to 1 minute.
Surely, power-hardwaredevicehaveachievedextraordinary
mechanical changes. Be that as it may, the expanding
number of power-hardware driven burdens utilized for the
most part in the business has realized exceptional power
quality issues. Interestingly, power-device driven loads for
the most part require perfect sinusoidal supply voltage with
a specific end goal to work legitimately, while they are the
most mindful ones for anomalousconsonantstreamslevel in
the conveyance system. In this situation, device that can
relieve these disadvantages have been created throughout
the years. A portion of the arrangements include an
adaptable compensator, known as the unified power quality
conditioner (UPQC) [l]–[7] and the static synchronous
compensator (STATCOM) [8]–[l3]. The power circuit of an
UPQC comprises of a blend of a shunt dynamic channel and
an arrangement dynamicchannel associatedina consecutive
setup. This blend permits the concurrent pay of the heap
current and the supply voltage, so the remunerated current
drawn from the lattice and the repaid supply voltage
conveyed to the heap are kept adjusted and sinusoidal. The
double topology of the UPQC, i.e., the iUPQC, was introduced
in [l4]–[l9], where the shunt Active channel carries on as an
air conditioner voltage source and the arrangement one as
an air conditioner current source, both at the major
recurrence. This is a key point to better plan the control
picks up, and in addition to streamlinetheLCLchannel ofthe

power converters, which permits enhancing altogether the
general execution of the compensator [20]. The STATCOM
has been utilized broadly in transmissionsystemstomanage
the voltage by methods for dynamic responsive power pay.
These days, the STATCOM is to a great extent utilized for
voltage control [9], though the UPQC and the iUPQC have
been chosen as answer for more particular applications[2l].
In addition, these last ones are utilizedjustspecificallycases,
where their moderately high expenses are supported by the
power quality change it can give, which would be unfeasible
by utilizing traditional arrangements. By joining the
additional usefulness like a STATCOM in the iUPQC gadget,a
more extensive situation of uses can be come to, especially
on the off chance that o circulated era in savvy systems and
as the coupling gadget in network tied micro grids. In [l6],
the execution of the iUPQC and the UPQC was looked at
when filling in as UPQCs. The fundamental contrastbetween
these compensators is the kind of source imitated by the
arrangement and shunt power converters. In the UPQC
approach, the arrangement converter is controlled as a non-
sinusoidal voltage source and the shunt one as a non-
sinusoidal current source. Thus, progressively, the UPQC
controller needs to decide and combine precisely the
consonant voltage and current to be adjusted. Then again, in
the iUPQC approach, the arrangement converter carries on
as a controlled sinusoidal current source and the shunt
converter as a controlled sinusoidal voltage source. This
implies it is not important to decide the consonant voltage
and current to be adjusted, since the symphonious voltages
show up normally over the arrangement current source and
the symphonious streams stream actually into the shunt
voltage source. In real power converters, as the exchanging
recurrence expands, the power rate capacity is lessened. In
this manner, the iUPQC offers better arrangements if
contrasted and the UPQC in the event of high-power
applications, since the iUPQC remunerating references are
unadulterated sinusoidal waveformsatthebasic recurrence.
In addition, the UPQC has higher changing misfortunes
because of its higher exchanging recurrence.
This venture proposes an enhanced controller, which grows
the iUPQC functionalities. This enhanced adaptation of
iUPQC controller incorporates all functionalities of those
past ones, including the voltage direction at the heap side
transport, and now giving likewise voltage direction at the
network side transport, similar to a STATCOM to the matrix.
Reenactment comes about are given to approve the new
controller outline.
MODIFIED IUPQC CONFIGURATION
Keeping in mind the end goal to clear up the relevance of the
enhanced iUPQC controller, Fig. l delineates an electrical
framework with two transports in spotlight, i.e., transport
An and transport B. Transport A will be a basic transport of
the power framework that provisions delicate loadsandfills
in as purpose of coupling of a microgrid. Transport B is a
transport of the microgrid, where nonlinear burdens are
associated, which requires premium-quality power supply.
The voltages at transports An and B must be directed, with a
specific end goal to legitimately supply the touchy burdens
and the nonlinear burdens. The impacts caused by the
consonant streams drawn by thenonlinearburdensought to
be relieved, staying away from symphonious voltage
engendering to transport A. The utilization of a STATCOMto
ensure the voltage direction at transport An is insufficient in
light of the fact that the consonant streams drawn by the
nonlinear burdens are not moderated. Then again, an UPQC
or an iUPQC between transportAnandtransportBcanrepay
the symphonious streams of the nonlinear loads and
remunerate the voltage at transport B, regarding voltage
sounds, unbalance, and sag/swell. In any case, this is as yet
insufficient to ensure the voltage direction at transport A.
Henceforth, to accomplish all the coveted objectives, a
STATCOM at transport An and an UPQC (or an iUPQC)
between transports An and B ought to be utilized. Be that as
it may, the expenses of this arrangement would be
nonsensically high. An appealing arrangement would be the
utilization of a changed iUPQC controller to give likewise
receptive power support to transport A, notwithstanding
each one of those functionalities of this hardware, as
displayed in [l6] and [l8]. Note that the altered iUPQC fills in
as an intertie between transports An and B. Also, the
microgrid associated with the transport B could be a mind
boggling framework including disseminated era, vitality
administration framework, and other control frameworks
including microgrid, and also savvy grid ideas
Fig. 1. Modified iUPQC configuration
Fig. 2 depicts, in detail, the connections and measurements
of the iUPQC between bus A and bus B. According to the
conventional iUPQC controller, the shunt converterimposes

a controlled sinusoidal voltage at bus B, which corresponds
to the aforementioned functionality (d). As a result, the
shunt converter has no further degreeoffreedomintermsof
compensating active- or reactive-power variablestoexpand
its functionality. On the other hand, the series converter of a
conventional iUPQC uses only an active- power control
variable p, in order to synthesize a fundamental sinusoidal
current drawn from bus A, corresponding to the active
power demanded by bus B. If the dc link of the iUPQC has no
large energy storage system or even no energy source, the
control variable p also serves as an additional active-power
reference to the series converter to keep the energy inside
the dc link of the iUPQC balanced. In this case, the losses in
the iUPQC and the active power supplied by the shunt
converter must be quickly compensated in the form of an
additional active power injected by the series converterinto
the bus B.
PROPOSED CONCEPT
IMPROVED IUPQC CONTROLLER
Main Controller:
Fig. 2 delineates the iUPQC equipment and the deliberate
units of a three-stage three-wire framework thatareutilized
as a part of the controller. Fig. 3 demonstrates the proposed
controller. The controller inputs are the voltages at
transports An and B, the current requested by transport B
(iL), and the voltage vDC of the basic dc connect. The yields
are the shunt-voltagereferenceandthearrangementcurrent
reference to the beat width adjustment (PWM) controllers.
The voltage and current PWM controllers can be as basic as
those utilized in [l8], or be enhanced further to better
manage voltage and current irregularity and sounds [23]–
[28]. To begin with, the disentangled Clark change is
connected to the deliberate factors. As case of this change,
the grid voltage in the aþ-reference casing can be figured as
Fig. 2. Novel iUPQC controller.
The shunt converter forces the voltage at transport B.
Subsequently, it is important tointegratesinusoidal voltages
with ostensible plentifulness and recurrence. Subsequently,
the signs sent to the PW controller are the stageboltedcircle
(PLL) yields with plentifulness equivalent to l p.u. There are
numerous conceivable PLL calculations, which could be
utilized as a part of this case, as checked in [29]–[33]. In the
first iUPQC approach as introduced in [l4], the shunt-
converter voltage reference can be either the PLL yields or
the essential positive-grouping segment VA+l of the grid
voltage (transport An in Fig. 2). The utilization of VA+l inthe
controller is helpful to limit the coursing power through the
arrangement and shunt converters, under typical operation,
while the plentifulness of the grid voltage is inside a worthy
scope of magnitude. Be that as it may, this isnotthesituation
here, in the altered iUPQC controller, since now the grid
voltage will be additionally managed by the adjusted iUPQC.
As such, the two transports will be controlled freely to track
their reference esteems. The arrangement converter
combines the current drawn from the grid (transport A). In
the first approach of iUPQC, this current is figured through
the normal dynamic power required by the heaps PL in
addition to the power PLoss. The heap dynamic power can
be assessed by
where iL_a, iL_þ are the heap streams, and V+l_a, V+l_þ are
the voltage references for the shunt converter. A low-pass
channel is utilized to acquire the normal active power (PL).
The misfortunes in the power converters and the circling
power to give vitality adjust inside the iUPQCarefigured ina
roundabout way from the estimation of the dc-interface
voltage. At the end of the day, the power flag PLoss is
dictated by a proportional– necessary (PI) controller (PI
hinder in Fig. 3), by contrasting the deliberate dc voltage
VDC and its reference esteem. The extra control circletogive
voltage direction like a STATCOM at the grid transport is
spoken to by the control flag QSTATCOM in Fig. This control
flag is acquired through a PI controller, in which the info
variable is the blunder between the reference esteem and
the real total voltage of the grid bus,given by
The sum of the power signals PL and PLoss composes the
active-power control variable for the series converter of the
iUPQC (p). Likewise, QSTATCOM is the reactive- power
control variable q. Thus, the current references i+la and i+lþ
of the series converter are determined by

The following procedure, based on the average power flow,
is useful for estimating the power ratings of the iUPQC
converters.
Fig. 4. iUPQC power flow in steady-state.
For consolidated series–shunt power conditioners, for
example, the UPQC and the iUPQC, just the voltagesag/swell
unsettling influence and the powerfactor(PF)remuneration
of the heap deliver a coursing normal power through the
power conditioners [34], [35]. As per Fig. 4, the
remuneration of a voltage sag/swell unsettling influence at
bus B causes a positive grouping voltage at the coupling
transformer (Vseries _= 0), since VA _= VB. Also, Vseries and
iPB in the coupling transformer prompts a flowing dynamic
power Pinner in the iUPQC. Furthermore,thepayoftheheap
PF expands the current providedbytheshuntconverter.The
accompanying investigation is substantial for an iUPQC
acting like a regular UPQC or including the additional pay
like a STATCOM. To begin with, the flowing power will be
ascertained when the iUPQC is working quite recently like a
customary UPQC. A while later, the conditions will
incorporate the STATCOM usefulnesstothegridbusA.Inthe
two cases, it will be accepted that the iUPQ controller can
compel the shunt converter of the iUPQC to create central
voltage dependably in stage with the grid voltage at bus A.
For effortlessness, the misfortunes in the iUPQC will be
disregarded.
In a perfect world, the STATCOM usefulness mitigates the
inward circle dynamic power stream (Pinner), and the
power stream in the arrangement converter is zero.
Subsequently, if the arrangement converter is appropriately
outlined alongside the coupling transformer to orchestrate
the controlled streams I+l_a and I+l_þ, as appeared in Fig. 3,
at that point a lower power converter can be utilized.
Oppositely, the shunt converter still needs to give the full
responsive power of the heap and furthermore to deplete
the receptive power infused by the arrangement converter
to direct the voltage at bus A.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Fig..5. iUPQC experimental scheme
VSC based custom power device are progressively being
utilized as a part of custompowerapplicationsforenhancing
the power quality (PQ) of power circulation frameworks.
Device, for example, dispersion static compensator
(DSTATCOM) and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) have just

been talked about widely in [l]. A DSTATCOM can make up
for bending and unbalance in a heap to such an extent that
an adjusted sinusoidal current movesthroughthefeeder[2].
It can likewise control the voltage of an appropriation bus
[3], [4]. A DVR can adjust for voltage sag/swell and
mutilation in the supply side voltage with the end goal that
the voltage over a touchy/basic load terminal is flawlessly
directed [5], [6]. A unified power-qualityconditioner(UPQC)
can play out the elements of both DSTATCOM and DVR [7],
[8]. The UPQC comprises of two voltage-source converters
(VSCs) that are associated with a typical dc bus. One of the
VSCs is associated in arrangement with a circulation feeder,
while the other one is associated in shunt with a similar
feeder. The dc connections of both VSCs are provided
through a typical dc capacitor. It is likewise conceivable to
interface two VSCs to two unique feeders in a dissemination
framework. In [9], a setup called IDVR has been talkedabout
in which two DVRs are associated in arrangement with two
separate contiguous feeders. The dc busses of the DVRs are
associated together. The IDVR retains genuine power from
one feeder and keeps up the dc interfacevoltagetomoderate
40% (around 0.6 p.u.) voltage sag in the other feeder with
adjusted burdens associated in the circulationframework. It
is likewise conceivable to associate two shunt VSCs to
various feeders through a typical dc connect. This can
likewise play out the elements of the two DVRs said above,
yet with higher gadget rating. This paper shows another
association for an UPQC called interline UPQC (IUPQC). The
single-line graph of an IUPQC associated dispersion
framework is appeared in Fig. l. Two feeders, Feeder-l and
Feeder-2, which are associated with twouniquesubstations,
supply the framework loads L-1andL-2.Thesupplyvoltages
are indicated by and It is expected that the IUPQC is
associated with two busses B-l andB-2,thevoltagesofwhich
are signified by and , separately. Assist two feeder streams
are indicated by and keeping in mind that the heap ebbs and
flows are meant by and .The motivation behind the IUPQC is
to hold the voltages Vtl and Vt2 steady against voltage
sag/swell, brief intrusion in both of the two feeders. It has
been shown that the IUPQC can retain power from one
feeder (say Feeder-l) to hold Vt2 consistent if there should
arise an occurrence of a sag in the voltage Vs2 . This can be
refined as the two VSCs are provided by a typical dc
capacitor. The dc capacitor voltage control has been talked
about here alongside voltage reference era methodology.
Additionally, the breaking points of achievable execution
have been figured. The execution of the IUPQC has been
assessed through simulation studies using SIMULINK
SIMULATION RESULTS:
The enhanced iUPQC controller, as appeared in Fig. 3, was
confirmed in a 5-kVA model, whose parameters are
exhibited in Table I. The controller was implanted in a
settled point computerized flag processor (TMS320F2812).
Keeping in mind the end goal to confirm all the power
quality issues portrayed in this paper, the iUPQC was
associated with a grid with a voltage sag framework, as
delineated in Fig. 6. The voltage sag framework was formed
by an inductor (LS), a resistor (RrmSag), and abreaker
(SSag). To cause a voltage sag at bus A, SSag is shut. At to
start with, the source voltage direction was tried with no
heap associated with bus B. For this situation, the iUPQC
carries on as a STATCOM, and the breaker SSag is shut to
cause the voltage sag. To check the grid-voltage direction
(see Fig. 7), the control of the QSTATCOM variable is
empowered to form (4) at moment t = 0 s.Inthisexploratory
case, LS = 10 mH, and RSag = 7.5 う. Before the QSTATCOM
variable is empowered, just the dc interface and the voltage
at bus B are controlled, and there is a voltage sag at bus An,
as appeared in Fig. After t = 0s, the iUPQC begins to draw
receptive current from bus An, expanding the voltage until
the point when its reference esteem.
Fig 6 Simulink Diagram

Fig 7 iUPQC response at no load condition: (a) grid
voltages VA, (b) load voltages VB,
Fig 8 simulink diagram
Fig 9 iUPQC transitory response during the connection of a
threephase diode rectifier: (a) load currents, (b) grid
currents, (c) load voltages and (d) grid voltages.
Fig 10 Simulink Diagram

Fig 11 iUPQC transitory response during the
connection of a two phase diode rectifier: (a) load
currents, (b) source currents, (c) load
voltages, and (c) source voltages.
CONCLUSION
In the enhanced iUPQC controller, the streams
orchestrated by the arrangement converteraredictated
by the normal dynamic power of the heap and the
dynamic power to give the dc-connect voltagedirection,
together with a normal responsive powertomanagethe
grid-bus voltage. In this way, notwithstanding all the
power-quality pay elements of a customary UPQC or an
iUPQC, this enhanced controller additionally imitates a
STATCOM to the grid bus. This new element upgrades
the appropriateness of the iUPQC and gives new
arrangements in future situations including shrewd
grids and microgrids, including circulated era and
vitality stockpiling frameworks to better manage the
inalienable inconstancy of inexhaustible assets, for
example, sun powered and wind power. Additionally,
the enhanced iUPQC controller may legitimize the
expenses and advances the iUPQC materialness in
power quality issues of basic frameworks, where it is
fundamental an iUPQC or a STATCOM, as well as both,
all the while. Regardless of the expansion of one more
power-quality remuneration include, the grid-voltage
control diminishes the inward circle coursing power
inside the iUPQC, which would permit bring down
power rating for the arrangement converter. The test
comes about checked the enhanced iUPQC objectives.
The grid-voltage direction was accomplished with no
heap, and in addition when providing a three-stage
nonlinear load. These outcomes have exhibited an
appropriate execution of voltage direction at the two
sides of the iUPQC, even while remunerating consonant
current and voltage irregular characteristics.
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