IRJET- Advanced Metering Infrastructure Tripping System

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET) E-ISSN: 2395-0056
VOLUME: 06 ISSUE: 04 | APR 2019 WWW.IRJET.NET P-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4935
ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE TRIPPING SYSTEM
Varsha Mohanan1, Asha A.S2, Aparna Prakash3
1,2,3Student, Department of EEE, PRSCET Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Abstract - The power distribution monitoring is an
important research in electric power systems and electricity
stealing defense is one of the chief step in distribution
network reconstruction. Electricity stealing is a long term
problem, however each power supply department has made a
huge investments of man power and material, the
phenomenon of defending stealing electricity has increased
and not abated and the method of electricity. Theft is
continuously increasing and improving. The behavior of
electricity theft not only makes the power industry suffering
huge financial losses but also threatens the main power
supply security and reliability. In this project, we show that
how it is possible to give automatic information to head office
about electricity theft and its tripping.
Keywords- Power theft, GSM module, Meter tampering, Theft
detection and Power tripping, e-bill
1. INTRODUTION
Electricity becomes a vital part of human development.
After the tremendous growth of electricity science,
technology and life style steps to a new era. Now it’s
impossible to think about a world without electricity.
Today, our demand of power is growing beyond the
production of electricity. Studies says that a part of
produced electricity is lost during transmission. A major
part of power loss is by theft. Electricity theft can be termed
as fraud which can be in the form of meter tampering,
illegal connections, billing irregularities and unpaid bills
[1].In India electricity theft is a very common problem,
since the users of electricity are ultimately tremendous.
Mostly power theft is done by bypassing or tamper the
meter and by direct tapping from line.
In the past, various methods has been introduced to
detect and control the power theft. A recent research
conducted by
Mr.M.V.N.R.P.Kumar,Mr.P.G.Desai,Mr.AshtoshKumar,Mr.A.V.
Athelekar,Mr.M.P.Nanawere [2] monitors about 30-35
percent of profit earned by the electrical board goes waste
due to electric power theft. Previous attempt to monitor the
activities has not resulted in efficient manner due to some
of the illegal practices of some of these employs and
consumers. This research aims at reducing all these
difficulties by fabricating a simple system to send a message
whenever there is a power theft activity at a certain
location.
Sahoo, Sanujit, [3] has proposed a temperature predictive
model which uses smart meter data and data from
distribution box meters to detect electricity theft in a
particular location. The model was tested for varying
amounts of power thefts and also for different types of
circuit approximations.
Shete “GSM Enabled Embedded System for Energy
Measurement and Billing”. This paper revealed that
development of measuring instrument that enhances the
measurement of electrical parameters as well as sending
these parameters to service providers by using GSM
technology. The energy meter system can be incorporated
with embedded microcontroller with GSM port to transmit
the data. This data fed and integrated into energy
management systems located at Power Company.
Earlier several cases related to electricity theft generally
used to take place in villages because they need more
power requirement for their field to drive water pump and
for motors and all the other farm related work which
requires electricity. But now days it is not limited in villages
but also industrial area as well as consumer side comes
under power theft. There are various modes of power theft
such as Bogus seal and tampering of seals, Meter tampering,
meter tilting, meter interface and meter bypassing,
Changing connection, Direct tapping from line, By using
remote sensing device, Improper of illegal use of power
meter .
1 BOGUS SEAL AND TAMPERING OF SEALS In this method
people and other domestic customers drill holes into
meter boxes and attempt to stop the counter wheels
from turning which leads to theft of electricity. Another
method of Power theft is by using a strong magnet and
keeping it in front of the disc in the energy meter and
thus arresting the rotation of the disc and connecting
the load directly to the power line bypassing the
energy meter.
2 METER TAMPERING, METER TILTING, METER
INTERFACE AND BYPASSING Many people either use
elaborate bypass system or tamper with internal

mechanism of the meter and for this they usually install a
bypass system at the weather head where the entrance
cable attaches to the house and then runs to the other side
of the house and also to the other side of the meter.
Customer can decide when they want electricity to run
through the meter and when they want it to run through the
bypass by placing a switch on the bypass. Customer
tampering with the internal mechanisms of the meter can
simply lead to bending of the wheel to create a drag.
Alternatively they can also tamper with the meter’s polarity
to accomplish a similar objective. They also can modify
registration of electricity by placing resistors in the meter.
3 CHANGING CONNECTION In this method thief try and
aims to steal the electricity by making some arrangement
inside the meter body e.g. reversing the motor. It involves
the installation of a remote-controlled device in the
electronic meters which allows consumers to switch the
meter.
4 DIRECT TAPPING FROM LINE In our project we are going
to design a system which will limit the illegal use of power
which is theft directly from the supply. In this technique
thief directly try to take power from the transmission line.
5 BY USING REMOTE SENSING DEVICE while the electricity
department came up with the idea of installing electronic
meters to avoid large instances of meter tampering, some
unscrupulous consumers have managed to find an
ingenious way around this as well. Some of the method to
do so involves the use of a remote control to switch one's
meter on or off. In fact this news came as a big shock to the
electricity department itself who had been claiming that
their new electronic meters were absolutely tamper proof.
This technique, developed by some local electricians,
involves the installation of a remote-controlled device in the
electronic meters which allows consumers to switch the
meter off at will. This radio frequency circuit is installed
inside the electronic meters by first heating the seals and
then taking them off and then opening the meter to plant
the circuit and at the end sealing it back again. Each circuit
has a frequency and a remote matching that frequency is
given to the customer which works just like a normal
television remote. This circuit is usually installed between
the neutral and phase wires that go inside and come out of
the meter. When the circuit is switched on then the
incoming Problem Identification in Existing System
1) Due to over usage of electricity many peoples are
suffering lot by lack of power supply.
2) Many imports and exports are stopped due to power
cuts, which result in down of trade market.
3) Generating the bill - The Electricity board Employee is
going to each and every house and takes the reading and
generating the bills. It will take lot of time and laborious
task.
4) Disconnect the power supply- If the consumer did not
pay the bill means again one of the Electricity board
employees should go to consumer place and disconnect the
supply.
5) Corruption on meters - If there is an interconnection
between consumer and electricity board department, then
the person is giving the wrong reading to the consumer and
he / she gets some money from the corresponding
consumers. So, it gives the huge loss.
6) Manual operator cannot find the un-authorized
connections or malpractices carried out by the consumer to
reduce or stop the meter reading/power supply.
7) The human error can open an opportunity for
corruption done by the human meter reader. So the
problem which arises in the billing system can become
inaccurate and inefficient.
Another design proposed by Saurabh Singh, Krishna Yadhav
and colleagues[4], the system in such a way so that it finds
out the power theft by monitoring the total power
consumption and also by receiving the delivered power
data that includes data delivered to a number of users. It
will guide and help us to find if power theft has occurred by
determining the amount of difference between them. RF
transmitter and RF remote controls are built using HT12E
and HT12D chips. The remote control is built using RF
encoder chip HT12E that will generate different codes.
These codes will be transmitted by 434 MHz RF transmitter.
At the receiving end these codes will be received by 434
MHz RF receiver and decoded by RF decoder chip
HT12D.Sensors will give signal to HT12E and in response to
the signal HT12E will respond accordingly. It is a 18 pin IC.
Its functioning includes conversion of bit data input to
serial output. It has 12 address lines to send data to
particular receiver. Output of HT12D is connected to MCU at
port pin no 1 to 4. In this project we are using UHF
frequencies of RF. LED’s connected at port 2 pin
p2.0,p2.1,p2.2,and p2.6. LCD rs, rw, en are connected to
p2.5, p2.4 and p2.3. HT12 E and HT12D s pin 1 to 9
connected to ground. These are address pins of HT12E and
HT12D. Pin no 10 to 14 of HT12E are inputs of IC and 17 no
pin is the output pin. Pin no 10 -14 of HT12D is the Ouput
pin and pin no 14 is input pin. Crystal pin of HT12E is 15
and 16. In this project we will make one transmitter and RF

receiver. RF remote control is built using HT12E and
HT12D chips. The remote control is built using RF encoder
chip HT12E that will generate different codes. These codes
will be transmitted by 434 MHz RF transmitter. At the
receiving side these codes will be received by 434 MHz RF
receiver and decoded by RF decoder chip HT12D.
In this project, the electricity theft is detected and
monitored by comparing the current consumed and current
arrived. Basically, it consists of two current sensors. One
sensor (S1) is present at the pole from where the power is
supplied to the homes and the other current sensor (S2) is
present at the homes. Power supplied by the S1 and S2 are
compared by the Arduino. If the difference between the two
is more than the particular value, then a relay which is
interfaced with the processing unit will switch off the
power supply of the homes. One more relay is interfaced
with the Arduino to activate the GSM calling. Through this,
the information of the theft is sent to the respective sub-
stations. When the message of ALERT reaches the
substation then a tripping message will send to the
controller of the particular location and the power is
tripped.
Other advantage added to this system is billing system,
which is an another problem facing by our Government. As
we know there introduced many proposed system to fasting
the billing system through Iot and using another technology
but here we combining the whole system ie.,both detecting
and billing. Our system works in real time and this will help
for fast action by utility and consumer side
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system is designed to prevent the electricity
theft happening in the present scenario. The increasing
rates of the per unit electric power, because of theft of
electricity due to this the electricity supplier companies are
not able to recover the invested amount, thus they have to
undergo a large loss of revenue and thus, they increase the
rates of electricity unit which the consumer has to pay. The
proposed system will prevent the theft of electric power as
much as possible. This system will not only detects the theft
of electricity but also trace the location of theft and will trip
the power supply of stolen power and also notify the
nearest substation authority about this theft with exact
location of the theft. The system also provide e-billing
facility.
The design system consist of 2 current sensors, one will be
installed as the domestic meter which will monitor and
indicate the current consumption of the house, and other
will be installed inside the distribution box on the line the
connection, which will indicate the current consumption of
the line which starts from the distribution box and ends up
at the house. There will be a processing unit which is
programmed accordingly and with the help of 2 sensors of a
connection this unit can identify theft, if it identifies theft
then the system automatically cut of the power supply of
that particular connection and will notify the nearest
substation that theft has been occurred at this location.
The another theft is between poles, i.e., direct tapping from
line. Here also we use two current sensors, one at the first
pole and the other on the next pole. Here the current
sensors measure the current difference between the two
poles. The Arduino will send the message to the nearby
service provider center about the theft if the current
difference is beyond a particular value. One additional
feature which is added is e-billing. It will provide details
about the total unit consumed and billing rate to the
consumer as well as to the service providers.
By sensing current flow through the line and energy
feedback we can prevent power theft. In this system by an
Arduino is interfaced with an energy metering circuit
current sensing circuit, RF communication and a contactor
to make or break power line. In normal condition Arduino
reads energy pulses and current signals. If current is
drawing and energy pulses are normal then no power is
theft. If current is drawing and energy pulses are not
coming then it indicates power theft. So Arduino trip the
o/p using relay. This information is sent to substation using
wireless communication like GSM technology.
When the theft is alerted at the substation, suddenly the
tripping message is given back to the consumer section.
Here the tripping is given to the theft between the pole and
the house. To reconnect the supply the message is given
from the substation through a message to the consumer
section after a few minutes. For receiving the message at
the consumer side we requires a power supply to the
system. For the same purpose we provide another power
supply like battery to the GSM.
The message like penalty for the theft and billing details
can be communicated between the service provider and the
consumer. It can alert the consumer about the billing status
and their consuming rates. The details of the consumer is
secured in the system of the service providers. There will be
secured password for the communication between the
consumer and the service provider.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig .a. Proposed system
4. METHODOLOGY
The circuit consist of Arduino, GSM, LCD, current sensors
and relay module. To detect the power theft between the
pole and the meter is done by using two current sensors,
one is connected at load side to measure the load through
the load and the other sensor is connected at supply
terminals to measure the current supplied by the source.
The main component of this circuit is Arduino controller. It
receives current measures from the both sensors by the
means of bridge rectifier. Then it compares those two
current magnitudes by the conditional operator. Since there
is no theft load, then the two sensors gives almost same
values. Here the system is in the healthy condition. The
Arduino cannot access the current signal.
Power tapping can by detecting by comparing the current
distributed to the line and the power actually consumed by
the load. The difference in the value indicates an error and
this error signal is given to a controller which in turn
inform the utility and they send tripping message to the
system and there by theft is reduced.
If any trapping is done between the poles, then the sensors
show different values. The source current is more than the
actual current. If there is any deviation more than the
specified value then the controller sends message to the
utility side and the authorities get the correct information
about the exact location of theft and they can reach there
within the time.
The GSM is used for sending text message to the substation
members by placing their mobile number in code. LCD is
used for the purpose of display. It shows the status of
source current and also the amount of current that is
deviated. GSM module will send the text message to
authority/ person whose mobile number is given in the
program according to the signal given by the Arduino
controller.Here the internet communication layer that
enables the entity to communicate with their device, and
sometimes enables device to communicate with each other.
By using above technique the crime of stealing power may
be brought to an end.
5. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
The power supply is the basic unit in every electrical and
reducedonics projects circuit, which is used for providing
the required power to the microcontroller and other
components in the circuit. Generally, this power supply
block consists of step-down transformer, center tapped
rectifier, and IC 7805 voltage regulator. Microcontroller in
the Arduino requires 5V power supply. The microcontroller
block can be considered as the main block of the entire
circuit. It is programmed to control all the components to
perform the desired operation. Here, in this proposed
system ATMEGA328p is used and programmed using
Arduino software. The energy meter is interfaced with the
Arduino using an interfacing device called Optocoupler. The
230V AC power supply is given to operate the loads.
Primarily, we need to register the authorized mobile
number with the electricity consumption meter. This,
registered mobile number can monitor the meter system. In
this energy meter, SIM in the GSM modem sent the message
showing the theft detection to KSEB office at the time of
tampering. An LCD module is used to display the current
difference and alert. The system also shows the power unit
consumed and the bill status. If there tampering done on
the distribution lines, immediately a message which
consists of the details of location is sent to the electricity
office.
When the theft is done the GSM sends message to the
A
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M
E
G
A
3
2
8
P
CURRENT
SENSOR 1
POWER
SUPPLY 5V
GSM
MODULE
CURRENT
SENSOR 2
RELAY
MODULE
ENERGY METER
HOME LOAD

service agency phone number with minimal delay in the
SMS reception successively an action will be appropriated
by the authority.
6. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
The proposed system is cost efficient and scalable. The
assembly of the proposed system is on the go and is devised
to detect the meter tampering automatically and is easy to
interface with other methods of detecting the fraud after
advancements. The theft is reported by a real time SMS curb
to the power pilferage with less delay in the segment
making it effective. It is advisable for the government
agencies to integrate a system that can check whether the
module is not unmounted or stolen so that the primary
intension of this module is not effected.
Many other modifications like usage indication can be
added to the system. This would help to control the usage of
electricity and thereby save our energy.
Furthermore we can also modify the project in many ways
like we can introduce a concept of IOT through which the
customer will notified if any unwanted interruptions or
threat is sensed in their electric meter which will give a
sense of control to the customers. It will also identify the
medium and mode through which loss of electricity took
place.
7. CONCLUSIONS
Even though there are many methods to detect electricity
theft ,they are unable to find the correct location during
direct theft. This problem is solved in this system. This
system is able to find the correct location with the help of
real time GSM technology and fast responsing sensors. This
system also gives us a collective idea about each consumer's
consumption rate. Our project also helps in bill collection.
Thus revenue loss to the system will reduce, the collection
of electricity bill has become a huge task these days due to
increase in population, this can be made easy by online and
sending the generated bill directly to the consumers. By
using this method the power thefts will be minimized and
there by reduced to the electricity board.
The system has the following features:
1. Simply constructed integrated & logical circuit
2. Easy to assemble
3. Useful in preventing electricity theft
4. Make easy bulky process of the detection of electricity
theft.
8. REFERANCE
1. Nilesh Mohite, Rinkuraj Ranware, Prakash kakade.
"GSNileshd Electricity Theft Detection" in International
journal of scientific engineering and applied science:
volume 2, issue 2 ISSN:2395-3470.page 445-449.
2. Mr. M.V.N.R.P. Kumar, Mr.Ashutosh Kumar,
Mr.A.V.Athalekar, Mr. P.G. Desai, Mr. M.P. Nanaware
Electrical Power Line Theft Detection International Journal
of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.3, No.5,May 2015.
3. Sahoo, Sanujit, WIRELESS ELECTRICITY THEFT
DETECTIONInnovative SmartGrid Technologies
Confrence(ISGNT),2015 IEEE Power& Energy
Society.Publisher: IEEE Vol. PP, Issue: 99, 14 May 2015
4. Saurabh Singh, Krishna Yadhav-Electricity and power
theft detection, IJIRSET Vol.6,Issue 11,November 2017.

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