NON-LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF A BERTHING STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS CRANE LOADS

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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NON-LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF A BERTHING STRUCTURE
SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS CRANE LOADS
Kodukula Seetha Rama Ravali1, Mr. M. Jagadeesh2, Mr. Dr.N.C. Anil kumar3
1PG Student, Department of civil Engineering, Sanketika Vidya Parishad Engineering College.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of civil Engineering, Sanketika Vidya Parishad Engineering College.
3 Principal, Sanketika Vidya Parishad Engineering College.
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Abstract - In this project, non-linear static analysis
berthing structure is studied for various crane loads. The
basic data influence factors which affected the berthing
structure were taken from Visakhapatnam port. The entire
Berth length is 506.4m which is divided into 11 modules and
each module length is 50.640m and width of the berth is
33.450m. By using all these data various loads induced on
structure was calculated and then structure is modelled and
analyzed using STAAD Pro V8i software. The berthing
structure was analyzed for various loads and load
combinations and also for various crane loads (such
20t,22t,24t,26t and 28t). Pushover analysis is done for all
cases. After performing the non-linear static analysis of the
berthing structure module, the behavior of the structural
elements is compared by various parameters deflection,
bending moments, shear forces of cross beam, and also for
the different piles.
Key Words: Berthing structure, FEA, STAAD Pro, Non-
linear static analysis, Pushover analysis,
1. INTRODUCTION
Countries surrounded by ocean can easily achieve
tremendous progress in trade and industry provided
proper planning of ports and harbours is made for
transportation of goods and materials through sea
transport. And also, Marine transportation system is very
important and cheapest way of transportation. The
transportation of men and material is increasing day by
day. So, to reduce the marine traffic there is a need to
construct many new ports with a vision to ensure
ecofriendly environment in spite of challenging conditions.
Berthing structures is a term general term used to
describe marine structure constructed in ports and
harbours to provide facilities such as berthing and
mooring of vessels, loading and unloading of cargo and
embarking and disembarking of passengers. Berthing
structures are vary widely from port to port. The number
of berths will be depended upon the number of ships used
in the port and time it will take to discharge. These
berthing structures are to be designed for stack, crane,
berthing force, mooring force, seismic force, active earth
pressure and differential water pressure, in addition to
self-weight of the structure and live load.
1.1 Port and Harbour Structures
A port is constructed to provide facilities for the
transshipment of ship cargo, transported to and from the
inland locations by rail, road, inland waterways and
pipeline. The basic requirement is to accommodate the
ships safely along the berths or anchor. Mechanical
handling equipment’s have to be provided for the efficient
handling of cargo. Also, storage facilities have to be
provided at the port. A port facility essentially consists of
pier, wharfs, quays, bulkheads, dolphins and platform of
structure, trestle and access bridge or catwalk and
buildings. They are classified depending upon the type of
service they provide as follows;
● Harbour protection facilities.
● Berthing, mooring and repair facilities.
● Storage facilities.
1.2 Objectives of the Present
Following particular objectives are decided for the
existing study:
1. To Analysis of berthing structure as per guidelines
provided by the bureau of Indian Standards.
2. The Objective of this project is to analyze a berth
structure for a capacity of 80,000 DWT.
3. To know how to model and analyzing of berthing
structure by using STAAD PRO.
4. To study the behavior of berthing structure for
various loads and load combinations.
5. To study the behavior of berthing structure during
pushover analysis by using STAAD Pro Software.
6. To compare the nonlinear static analysis results with
various crane loads (such 20t, 22t, 24t, 26t and 28t).

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
B. Santosh Kumar:
In the project described a suitable way to design a
new berthing structure with example of one of the
proposed berthing structures in Visakhapatnam port. So,
the factors which effected on the structure were taken into
consideration of before analyzing and designing, the
influence such as soil characteristics of the proposed
location, environmental conditions and range of traffic.
All the basic Data is taken from Visakhapatnam
port which were supposed to be used in the project such
as geotechnical data, environmental data, and traffic
forecasting data. The entire length of berth is 100m and is
divided into 3 units of each 33.33 in length with an
expansion joint of 40mm between successive units and
proposed in the inner harbour, meant for handling liquid
cargo like Sulphuric acid, Phosphoric acid, phosphoric
acid, edible oils etc.
Deekshith Shetty:
The present investigation is an attempt to observe
the changes in design for different cases with respect to
assumed model in which the pile founding level is same
for all the piles. Three different cases are taken for which
pile founding level has been varied which may arrive at
site while construction and compared with the assumed
model which has same founding level for all the piles. Case
1 model has only 25% of the pile founding in (-) 19.0m
level and rest founding in (-) 24.0m level. Case 2 model has
50% of the pile founding in (-) 19.0m level and rest
founding in (-) 24.0m level. Case 3 model has 75% of the
pile founding in (-) 19.0m level and rest founding in (-)
24.0m level. From above cases the forces and design has
been compared with the basic assumed model in which all
the piles are founded at (-)24.0m level. In this work the
analysis and design is carried out by using SAP 2000
(Ver.14.1.0) application
G. Tirupathi Naidu:
In this construction the type of berthing structure
is two types they are Open type and Closed/Solid type of
berthing structure. While designing the berthing structure
there are different type of live loads, they are stack load,
crane load, BGML load, truck load, Mooring force etc.., are
acting on the deck slab of berthing structure. To resist the
all the load there is need to provide different structural
elements they T-Shaped Diaphragm Wall, Main Cross head
Beam, Vertical pile, Raker pile/ Anchored Wall/ Tie Rod.
Especially to resist the horizontal force the structural
elements like Raker Pile or Anchored Wall or Tie Rod are
used. In construction type of berthing structure there are
two types they are Open type and Closed/Solid type of
berthing structure. While designing the berthing structure
there are different type of live loads they are stack load,
crane load, BGML load, truck load, Mooring force etc.., are
acting on the deck slab of berthing structure. To resist the
all the load there is need to provide different structural
elements they T-Shaped Diaphragm Wall, Main Cross head
Beam, Vertical pile, Raker pile/ Anchored Wall/ Tie Rod.
Especially to resist the horizontal force the structural
elements like Raker Pile or Anchored Wall or Tie Rod are
used.
The entire berth of 225m length divided into
5units each 51m long. The plan dimensions of deck slab
berthing structure of each unit were 51m (17 panels of 3m
width) x 17.2m. Each unit consists of T-Shaped diaphragm
wall (TDW) of 17 No’s. The T-shaped diaphragm wall was
connected at the top through a cellular deck Main Cross
Head Beam (MCHB) of 2.80 meters depth to a series of
vertical pile and racker pile on rear side. Berthing
structure was assumed to be fixed at junction of
diaphragm wall/pile and Main Cross Head Beam. All the
members of the structure were assumed to be
homogenous, isotropic and having the same Elastic
modulus both in compression and tension.
G. T. Naidu:
In this study the structural behavior of the
components of berthing structure subjected to variable
stack load with and without mooring force conditions.
Methods/Statistical Analysis: Linear static analysis was
performed on the berthing structure subjected to variable
stack load with and without mooring effects.
From this study, equations related to bending
moment and axial force of structural members of berthing
structure has been obtained. A Monte Carlo simulation
method was adopted for generation of random numbers
using MATLAB software.
The entire berth of 255m length is divided into 5
units of 51m long. Each unit consists of T- Shaped
Diaphragm walls (TDW) of 17 Nos, Raker piles (RP) of 700
mm (diameter) of 19 Nos and Vertical Piles (VP) of 850
mm (diameter) of 17 Nos. The T-shaped diaphragm wall
was connected at the top through a cellular deck Main
Cross Head Beam (MCHB) of 2.80 meters deep to series of
vertical piles and raker piles on rear side.
S Augustina:
This design project is focusing on analysis and
design of 2nd passenger berth at Beypore port, Kozhikode.
It’s an open piled bored cast-insitu structure and lying in
the seismic zone III. The berth is to be designed for a
vessel having capacity of 5000DWT. The structure is
subjected to various forces and combinations such as, High
tide, Earthquake, High winds, heavy live loads as per IS:
4651-1983. A model was generated using STAADPro

software and analysis was conducted with appropriate
loads acting on the structure. It was observed that seismic
force was nominal since Beypore being located in seismic
zone III. This research is an attempt to understand the
concept of design and analysis of berthing structures
under different conditions of loading.
3. METHODOLOGY
The conceptual layout should include the length,
width, dredge level, top level, location of beams for
handling equipment, spacing of bollards and fenders and
configuration of the structure. The configuration includes
the arrangement of piles, deck system and dimensions of
various structural members. The size of berthing structure
depends on the principal dimension of the large vessel to
be handled, area required for transit shed, number of rail
tracks, truck lines, crane rail and width of apron required
to accommodate mooring facilities and utility service.
3.1. Forces Acting on Berthing Structure
Once the dimensional requirement for a structure
has been defined, it becomes necessary to determine loads
of the structure. Because Loads are the primary
consideration in any structure design because they define
the nature and magnitude of hazards are external forces
that a structure must resist providing a reasonable
performance throughout its lifetime.
● Dead load: [IS 875-1987 Part I]
● Live loads [IS 4651(Part III)-1974]:
● Truck loading and uniform loading [IS 4651 (Part
III) – 1974]:
● Berthing Load [IS 4651(Part III) – 1974]:
● Mooring Load [IS 4651 (Part III) -1974]:
● Seismic load [IS 1893 - Part (1)]:
● Earth Pressure [IS 4651(Part III)-1974]:
● Hydrostatic Pressure [IS 4651(Part III)-1974]:
3.2. Load Combinations
Fig.3.1 Load Combinations
3.3. Modeling Of the Structure
The structural models must allow considering the
effects of movements and deformations in those structures
or part thereof, where second-order effects increase the
effects of the actions significantly. The modeling of the
entire structure is done in STAAD PRO software.
4. ANALYSIS OF BERTHING STRUCTURE
The following cases are considered in the structural
analysis of berthing structure, they are:
Case 1: Berthing structure with 20t crane load.
Table -1: Primary Data of Berthing Structure Analysis
Length of The Berthing Structure = 560 m
Width of The Berthing Structure = 33.45
Number of Modules = 11
Module Dimensions = 50.6 x 33.45 (m)
Draft = 28m
DWT = 80,000
Seismic Zone = II
Response Reduction Factor = 3
Importance Factor 1.5

Soil Type = II
Cross Beams =
1600 x1800
(mm)
Retaining Beam=
1600 x 2000
(mm)
Diaphragm wall= 1000 x 4000
Diameter of Piles (A, B) = 1250 (mm)
Diameter of Piles (C,D) = 1400 (mm)
4.1 Non-Linear Static Analysis By Using Staad Pro
Fig.4.1 Berthing Structure
Fig.4.2 Bending Moment Results
Fig.4.3 Shear Force Results
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this present chapter, the results acquired for distinct
berthing structure module for various crane load cases are
presented. The evaluation is carried out in STAAD Pro
software. After performing the Nonlinear static analysis of
structure is taken into consideration, their behavior is
analyzed and compared in phrases of following
parameters.
5.1. Comparison Of Analysis Results of structural
components
Fig.5.1 Bending Moment Results of a Cross Beam
Fig.5.2 Shear Force Results of a Cross Beam
Fig.5.3 Bending Moment Results of a Diaphragm Wall

Fig.5.4 Shear Force Results of a Diaphragm Wall
Fig.5.5 Bending Results of A Row Pile
Fig.5.6 Shear Results of A Row Pile
Fig.5.7 Bending Results of B Row Pile
Fig.5.8 Shear Results of B Row Pile
Fig.5.11 Bending Results of D Row Pile
Fig.5.9 Bending Results of C Row Pile
Fig 5.10 Shear Results of C Row Pile

Fig.5.12 Shear Results of D Row Pile
6. CONCLUSIONS
In this project, non-linear static analysis berthing
structure module is studied. For the purpose of the study
the basic data influence factors which affected the
berthing structure were taken into consideration, before
analyzing and designing, such as soil characteristics of the
proposed location, environmental conditions and range of
traffic which will be used in the project is generally taken
from Visakhapatnam port. The entire Berth length of
50.640m and width of the berth is 33.450m. The Berth has
been modeled analyzed by using STAAD Pro Software.
From the comparison of non-linear static analysis results
for various crane loads the following conclusions were
drawn.
● From the study, it was concluded that the influence of
variable Crane load has effect on the Bending Moment
and shear force results of the cross beam, diaphragm
wall and vertical piles of the berthing structure.
● Based on study here load combinations of (0.9DL +
0.9LL + 1.2DWP + 1EP), (1.2DL + 1.2LL + 1.2DWP +
1EP) got the maximum results.
● The Percentage of variation of bending moment and
shear force results due to various crane loads are
22.24%, 9.71%,13.71% and 20.85% and26.78%,
19.62%,12.54%, and 18.68% respectively for cross
beam.
10.16%, 8.55 %, 13.98% and 12.18 % and 24.58%,
23.35%, 18.09%, and 13.79%respectively for
diaphragm wall.
23.70%,31.94 %, 22.67% and 10.73 % and 24.77%,
34.39%, 21.52%, and 13.09%respectively for A pile.
21.28%,10.10 %,15.37% and 5.71 % and 42.77%,
27.78%, 19.48%, and 21.59%respectively for B pile.
20.12%,26.01 %, 12.79% and 11.20 % and 9.26%,
28.97%, 27.29%, and 30.02%respectively for C pile.
26.30%,21.30%, 10.67% and 18.44 % and 38.56%,
43.52%, 10.32%, and 17.87%respectively for D pile.
● Pushover analysis is contemplated as an effective tool
to assess the capability of structure for seismic forces
and for this reason it is expected the actual behavior
of the structure during earthquake.
● This proves that the analysis carried out using
Pushover method is more effective as it studies the
real time behavior of the structure and brings
efficiency in terms of cost too.
● It is found that the results of analysis of the berthing
structure using STAAD Pro. software are very useful in
the design of the structures as well as to undertake the
performance analysis of the constructed structures.
6.1. Scope Of Further Study
● Extension of this work needs to be considered for
various stack and mooring loads.
● And influence of raker pile on berthing structure
performance.
REFERENCES:
1. Analysis and Design of Dock Berth Structure by B.
Santosh Kumar: MARCH [2016], IJSART - Volume
2 Issue 3, Page no-8-16.
2. Analysis and Design of Berthing Structures for
High Seismic Zones by Laxman Rajwani.
3. Analysis and Design of Passenger Berthing
Structure by Augustina- Feb -2017, Volume: 04
Issue: 02, pp. 67-77
4. Analysis and Design of a Quay Berthing Structure
by S. Nagarjuna- Aug 2018, Volume Issue 4, July,
pp.33-39.
5. Finite Element Analysis of Berthing Structures by
Anjana S Rao- April-2018, Volume 9, Issue 4,
pp.199-124.

6. Analysis and Design of Berthing Structure by
Varuna Belagavi, July 2017, Volume 8, Issue 7, pp.
1111–1124.
7. A Study On Behaviour Of Structural Elements Of
Berthing Structure With Raker Pile And Anchored
Wall by G.T. NAIDU (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 7,
July 2017, pp. 1111–1124.
8. Analysis And Design of a Heavy Cargo Berthing
Structure by B Raghava Maheedhar (JETIR
)Volume 5 Issue 2 February-2018
9. Study on the Structural behavior of Berthing
Structure due to Variable Stack Load by G. T.
Naidu- December 2016, Vol 9(45), ijst, pp. 1-6.
10. An Approach on Optimization of Berth Structure
at Port Sectors for Handling Bulk Cargo and
Containers by Mr. Deekshith Shetty- July-2015,
Vol. 4, Issue 07, (IJERT), pp.915-918.
11. Application of Forces Acting on Jetty Structure by
Himesh B. Chopra- May 2015, Volume 1, Issue 11,
pp. 83-91.
12. Structural System Evaluation of Jetties by M.
Rajkumar- September 2016, Volume 3, Issue 03,
pp. 153-160.
13. Reliability Based Analysis of Berthing Structure
Subjected to Variable Crane Load by G. T. Naidu-
Number 7 (2017) , Volume 12, pp. 1123-1128.
14. IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria
for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings, (Fifth
Revision).
15. IS 875 (Part 2): 1987: Indian Standard Code of
Practice for Design Loads (Other Than
Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, part 1
dead loads - unit weights of building materials
and stored materials (Second Revision)
16. IS 4651 (Part 3): 1974: Indian Standard Code of
Practice for Planning and Design of Ports and
Harbours Part Iii Loading (First Revision).
BIOGRAPHIES
Kodukula Seetha Rama Ravali is a
student of M. Tech in Structural
Engineering, Department of civil
Engineering, Sanketika Vidya
Parishad Engineering College,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
Mr. M. Jagadeesh, his currently
working as an Assistant Professor
in the Department of civil
Engineering, Sanketika Vidya
Parishad Engineering College,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
His area of interest is High rise
buildings, FEA.

NON-LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF A BERTHING STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS CRANE LOADS

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