Structural and Modal Analysis of Crane Hook with Different Materials using Fea
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This study analyzed the structural and modal behavior of a crane hook made from different materials using finite element analysis. A solid model of a crane hook with trapezoidal cross-section was created in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS. Static structural analysis found that an aluminum alloy hook experienced lower stresses than a structural steel hook under the same load. Fatigue analysis determined the aluminum alloy hook could withstand more fatigue cycles before failure. Modal analysis revealed the structural steel hook had lower total deformation at the first natural frequency, indicating it is preferred for withstanding vibrations. In conclusion, the study found aluminum alloy suitable for withstanding loads but structural steel better for vibrations.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 247
STRUCTURAL AND MODAL ANALYSIS OF CRANE HOOK WITH
DIFFERENT MATERIALS USING FEA
Rahul Tarale1, Rahul Dalavi2, Suraj Patil3, Amol Patil4
1,2,3,4 Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MMEC, Belagavi, Karnatak. India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Stress analysis plays an important role in
the design of structures like crane hook under loading
conditions. Crane hook is a reliable lifting component
being used in industries. Structure failure of crane hook
occurs because of the stress induced due to repetitive
loading and unloading conditions. In this study, solid
modelling of crane hook having trapezoidal cross-
section referring to one of its existing design is done
using CATIA V5. Further, analyses are carried out in
ANSYS Workbench. Further, fatigue analysis is
performed on this model. Also, Modal analysis is carried
out to determine the vibration characteristics such as
natural frequencies and mode shapes. The combination
of frequency and amplitude is found to be efficient
method for reducing or controlling applied forces which
generate stress.
Key Words: Crane Hook, Static Analysis, Fatigue Analysis,
Modal Analysis, Ansys 14.
1. INTRODUCTION
Crane hooks are highly liable components and are always
subjected to failure due to accumulation of large amount
of stresses which can eventually lead to its failure. Crane
hooks are the components which are generally used to
elevate the heavy load in industries and constructional
sites. A crane is a machine, equipped with a hoist, wire
ropes or chains and sheaves used to lift and move heavy
material. Cranes are mostly employed in transport,
construction and manufacturing industry. Every year,
incorrect lifting procedures cause injuries, loss of work
time and property. People, machinery, loads, methods and
the work environment, are all important factors for
correct lifting. Provided that enough safety measures are
fully implemented, lifting accidents can be reduced.
Fig 1.0 Crane Hook
1.1 Literature Survey
Following literatures are studied,
A.Gopichand and Lakshmi (2013)[1] have done
optimization of design parameters for crane hook using
TAGUCHI method. The analysis is done and the optimum
combination of input parameters is determined for
minimum von-mises stress. Rashmi Uddanwadiker
(2013)[2] has made stress analysis of crane hook and the
results are validated by using PHOTO ELASTICITY. Ajeet
Bergaley and Anshuman Purohit (2013)[3] made a
structural analysis of a crane hook using finite element
method. The hook was tested in UTM machine in tension
to locate the area having maximum stress and to locate the
yield point. Ms. Mamta .R. Zade 2017[4] studied fatigue
analysis on crane hook on different materials.
2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Materials selected for crane hook are Structural Steel and
Aluminium Alloy the properties of materials are given
below in Table 2.1
Structural Steel Alluminium Alloy
Young's Modulus
MPa
2.e+005 0.71e+005
Poisson's Ratio 0.3 0.33
Tensile Yield
Strength MPa
250 280](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i642-180120100540/85/Structural-and-Modal-Analysis-of-Crane-Hook-with-Different-Materials-using-Fea-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 252
Table 6.1 Comparison of stresses
Material
Load
N
Deformation
mm
Structural steel 58860 0.4138
Alluminium alloy 58860 1.1693
Table 6.2 Total Deformation
Fatigue analysis data
Material Min. Fatigue Life Max. Fatigue Life
Structural steel 2.1046E5 1E6
Alluminium alloy 3.7322E6 1E6
Table 6.3 Comparison of Fatigue Life
7. Conclusion
The results of stress analysis calculated from FEA for
different materials such as Structural Steel and Aluminium
Alloy. For the different Material, It is observed that
keeping the 6 tone load with different Materials we will
get different results, but from the above table it is found
that the Alluminium Alloy gives minimum stress. Further
Fatigue analysis is done on the materials from that it is
found that Alluminium Alloy can withstand the maximum
number of fatigue cycles before failure. Further modal
analysis is done on materials and from that it is found that
at first fundamental natural frequency, the total
deformation of structural steel is less than the alluminium
alloy. Hence, we can conclude that structural steel is more
preferred during vibrations.
REFERENCES
[1].“Optimization of design parameters for crane hook
using Taguchi method”, by Mr. A. Gopichand,
Ms.R.V.S.Lakshmi,Mr.B.Maheshkrishna.International
journal of innovative research in science, engineering and
technology ,vol. 2, issue 12, december 2013
[2].Rashmi Uddanwadiker, “Stress Analysis of Crane Hook
and Validation by Photo-Elasticity”, Engineering, 2011, 3,
935-941.
[3].Ajeet Bergaley, Anshuman Purohit “Structural Analysis
of Crane Hook Using Finite Element Method”23196386,
Volume-1, Issue-10, September 2013
[4]. Ms. Mamta .R. Zade Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017
Irjst Finite Element Analysis And Fatigue Analysis Of
Crane Hook With Different Materials.
BIOGRAPHIES
Mr. Rahul Tarale is pursuing
his bachelor’s degree in
mechanical engineering in
MMEC Belagavi, India. His area
of interests is FEA field.
Mr. Rahul Dalavi is pursuing
his bachelor’s degree in
mechanical engineering in
MMEC Belagavi, India. His area
of interests is FEA field.
Mr. Suraj Patil is pursuing his
bachelor’s degree in mechanical
engineering in MMEC Belagavi,
India. His area of interests is
Design Engineering field.
Mr. Amol Patil is pursuing his
bachelor’s degree in mechanical
engineering in MMEC Belagavi,
India. His area of interests is
Design Engineering field.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i642-180120100540/85/Structural-and-Modal-Analysis-of-Crane-Hook-with-Different-Materials-using-Fea-6-320.jpg)
Structural and Modal Analysis of Crane Hook with Different Materials using Fea
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 247 STRUCTURAL AND MODAL ANALYSIS OF CRANE HOOK WITH DIFFERENT MATERIALS USING FEA Rahul Tarale1, Rahul Dalavi2, Suraj Patil3, Amol Patil4 1,2,3,4 Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MMEC, Belagavi, Karnatak. India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Stress analysis plays an important role in the design of structures like crane hook under loading conditions. Crane hook is a reliable lifting component being used in industries. Structure failure of crane hook occurs because of the stress induced due to repetitive loading and unloading conditions. In this study, solid modelling of crane hook having trapezoidal cross- section referring to one of its existing design is done using CATIA V5. Further, analyses are carried out in ANSYS Workbench. Further, fatigue analysis is performed on this model. Also, Modal analysis is carried out to determine the vibration characteristics such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. The combination of frequency and amplitude is found to be efficient method for reducing or controlling applied forces which generate stress. Key Words: Crane Hook, Static Analysis, Fatigue Analysis, Modal Analysis, Ansys 14. 1. INTRODUCTION Crane hooks are highly liable components and are always subjected to failure due to accumulation of large amount of stresses which can eventually lead to its failure. Crane hooks are the components which are generally used to elevate the heavy load in industries and constructional sites. A crane is a machine, equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains and sheaves used to lift and move heavy material. Cranes are mostly employed in transport, construction and manufacturing industry. Every year, incorrect lifting procedures cause injuries, loss of work time and property. People, machinery, loads, methods and the work environment, are all important factors for correct lifting. Provided that enough safety measures are fully implemented, lifting accidents can be reduced. Fig 1.0 Crane Hook 1.1 Literature Survey Following literatures are studied, A.Gopichand and Lakshmi (2013)[1] have done optimization of design parameters for crane hook using TAGUCHI method. The analysis is done and the optimum combination of input parameters is determined for minimum von-mises stress. Rashmi Uddanwadiker (2013)[2] has made stress analysis of crane hook and the results are validated by using PHOTO ELASTICITY. Ajeet Bergaley and Anshuman Purohit (2013)[3] made a structural analysis of a crane hook using finite element method. The hook was tested in UTM machine in tension to locate the area having maximum stress and to locate the yield point. Ms. Mamta .R. Zade 2017[4] studied fatigue analysis on crane hook on different materials. 2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES Materials selected for crane hook are Structural Steel and Aluminium Alloy the properties of materials are given below in Table 2.1 Structural Steel Alluminium Alloy Young's Modulus MPa 2.e+005 0.71e+005 Poisson's Ratio 0.3 0.33 Tensile Yield Strength MPa 250 280
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 248 Tensile Ultimate Strength MPa 460 310 Density Kg/m3 7850 2270 Table 2.1 Material Properties 1.2 Standards for Assessment of Strength of Crane hook American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B30.10 This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. a. Hook design shall meet generally accepted hook design standards and be compatible with the requirements of ASME B30.10. b. Hook material shall have sufficient ductility to permanently deform before failure at the ambient temperatures at which the hook will be used. c. Field-fabricated hooks shall meet the requirements of this section and shall be approved by a qualified engineer. 3. MODELING OF CRANE HOOK The crane hook is modeled using CATIA V5 R20 of trapezoidal cross section given dimensions, as shown in below fig. Fig 3.1 2-D Spline Generation Fig 3.2 3-D Solid Model 4. Finite Element Analysis using Ansys The finite element analysis (FEA) is a numerical technique for solving problems which are described by partial differential equations or can be formulated as functional minimization. Meshing Fig 4.1 Meshed Model
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 249 Boundary Conditions Fixed Support Fig 4.2 Fixed Support Load Applied Fig 4.3 Load Applied 5. Analytical Calculations σ = Where, σ = Combined stress in N/mm2. F = Force in N. A = Area in mm2. M = Moment due to force in N-mm. I = Moment of inertia in mm4. Y= Distance between inner fiber and centroidal axis in mm σ = σ = σ =114.20 N/mm2. 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Equivalent Stress Fig 6.1 Equivalent Stress(SS) Fig 6.2 Equivalent Stress (AA)
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 250 Total Deformation Fig 6.3 Total Deformation(SS) Fig 6.4 Total Deformation(AA) Fatigue Life Fig 6.5 Fatigue life (SS) Fig 6.6 Fatigue life (AA)
- 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 251 Modal Fig 6.7 Mode I (SS) Fig 6.8 Mode I (AA) Stress Vs frequency response Graph 6.1 Amplitude vs Frequency (SS) Graph 6.2 Amplitude vs Frequency (AA) Material Load in N Stress in Ansys (Mpa) Analytical Stress result (Mpa) % error Structural steel 58860 114.20 112.99 1.059 Alluminium alloy 58860 113.31 112.99 0.28
- 6. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 252 Table 6.1 Comparison of stresses Material Load N Deformation mm Structural steel 58860 0.4138 Alluminium alloy 58860 1.1693 Table 6.2 Total Deformation Fatigue analysis data Material Min. Fatigue Life Max. Fatigue Life Structural steel 2.1046E5 1E6 Alluminium alloy 3.7322E6 1E6 Table 6.3 Comparison of Fatigue Life 7. Conclusion The results of stress analysis calculated from FEA for different materials such as Structural Steel and Aluminium Alloy. For the different Material, It is observed that keeping the 6 tone load with different Materials we will get different results, but from the above table it is found that the Alluminium Alloy gives minimum stress. Further Fatigue analysis is done on the materials from that it is found that Alluminium Alloy can withstand the maximum number of fatigue cycles before failure. Further modal analysis is done on materials and from that it is found that at first fundamental natural frequency, the total deformation of structural steel is less than the alluminium alloy. Hence, we can conclude that structural steel is more preferred during vibrations. REFERENCES [1].“Optimization of design parameters for crane hook using Taguchi method”, by Mr. A. Gopichand, Ms.R.V.S.Lakshmi,Mr.B.Maheshkrishna.International journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology ,vol. 2, issue 12, december 2013 [2].Rashmi Uddanwadiker, “Stress Analysis of Crane Hook and Validation by Photo-Elasticity”, Engineering, 2011, 3, 935-941. [3].Ajeet Bergaley, Anshuman Purohit “Structural Analysis of Crane Hook Using Finite Element Method”23196386, Volume-1, Issue-10, September 2013 [4]. Ms. Mamta .R. Zade Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 Irjst Finite Element Analysis And Fatigue Analysis Of Crane Hook With Different Materials. BIOGRAPHIES Mr. Rahul Tarale is pursuing his bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering in MMEC Belagavi, India. His area of interests is FEA field. Mr. Rahul Dalavi is pursuing his bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering in MMEC Belagavi, India. His area of interests is FEA field. Mr. Suraj Patil is pursuing his bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering in MMEC Belagavi, India. His area of interests is Design Engineering field. Mr. Amol Patil is pursuing his bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering in MMEC Belagavi, India. His area of interests is Design Engineering field.