BASAL METABOLIC RATE
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This document discusses basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the minimum amount of energy required by the body at rest to maintain vital functions. BMR can be measured using closed or open circuit devices and accounts for 35-38% of daily calorie needs in adults. Factors that affect BMR include surface area, sex, age, physical activity, hormones, environment, disease status, and starvation. Measuring BMR is important for calculating calorie requirements, dietary planning, and assessing thyroid function.
BASAL METABOLIC RATE
- 1. BY VANA JAGAN MOHAN RAO M.S.Pharm, MED.CHEM NIPER-KOLKATA Asst.Professor, MIPER-KURNOOL Email: jaganvana6@gmail.com
- 2. Introduction • Food is the fuel source of the body, the ingested food undergoes metabolism to liberate energy required for the vital activities of the body • Man consumes energy to meet the fuel demands of the three ongoing processes in the body i. Basal metabolic rate ii. Specific dynamic action iii. Physical activity
- 3. Basal Metabolic Rate • BMR- minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain life at complete physical and mental rest in post absorptive state • Several functions within the body occurs at basal condition -working of heart and other organs -conduction of nerve impulse -reabsorption by renal tubules -GI motility -ion transport across membranes
- 4. Measurement of BMR • BMR can be measured by the apparatus of Benedict and Roth (closed circuit device) or by Douglas bag method (open circuit device) • The subject should be awake, at complete physical and mental rest, in post absorptive state(ie, the patient should not have taken anything by mouth for the past 12hrs) and in a comfortable surrounding
- 6. Benedict-Roth method • The volume of oxygen consumed by the subject for a period of 2-6 minutes under basal conditions is determined (E) • The standard calorific value of one litre of oxygen consumed is 4.825 Heat produced in 6 min = 4.825*E Heat produced in 1 hr = 4.825E*10 • Body surface area (A) = H0.725*W0.425*71.84 H= height in centimeter square W= weight in Kg
- 7. • BMR = Total heat production in kcal per hour ∕ Body surface area in square meters
- 8. Normal values of BMR • Adult man: 35-38 cal/sq.m/hr or 1600 cal/day • Adult woman: 32-35 cal/sqm/hr or 1400 cal/day • A BMR value between -15% and +20% is considered normal
- 10. Factors affecting BMR • Surface area: directly proportional to surface area • Sex: men have marginally higher BMR (5%) • Age: in infants and growing children BMR is higher. In adults BMR decreases at the rate of 2% per decade of life • Physical activity: increase with regular exercise • Hormones: thyroid hormones increase BMR. Epinephrine, cortisol, sex hormones and growth hormone hormones increase BMR
- 11. • Environment: BMR is higher in cold climates compared to warm climates • Starvation: during starvation a decrease in BMR up to 50% has been reported • Fever: fever increases BMR. 10% increase for every 1⁰C rise in body temperature • Disease status: BMR is elevated in infections, leukemia, cardiac failure hypertension etc.
- 12. Significance of BMR • BMR is important to calculate the caloric requirement of an individual and planning of diets • Assessment of thyroid function • BMR is below normal in starvation, under nutrition, Addison’s disease • BMR is above normal in fever, diabetes insipidus, leukemia and polycythemia