Module2 2012
- 1. DEL MAR COLLEGE Department of Natural Sciences LABORATORY SAFETY PROCEDURES & GUIDELINES A Pre-Lab Course 24-Hour Emergency Number: DMC Security Office 361 / 698-1199
- 2. INSTRUCTIONS • Study the information in this module. • Take the quiz following this module. • You must score 100% on this quiz to stay registered in the class.
- 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Module General Rules and Regulations 1 Chemical Safety 2 Biohazard Safety 3 Emergency Equipment & Procedures 4 Field Trip Safety 5
- 4. MODULE 2 CHEMICAL SAFETY 3 2 4 W
- 5. PERSONAL PROTECTION EYE PROTECTION – • You must wear splash resistant (indirect ventilation) goggles when working with chemicals. • The goggles must also be impact resistant and will have the ANSI code Z-87 stamped on them. Splash-resistant due to NOT splash-resistant due to capped ventilation holes open ventilation holes
- 6. PERSONAL PROTECTION COSMETIC USE • Limit your cosmetic application before arriving at the lab. Certain cosmetics may react with the chemicals or the chemical vapors in lab. • Applying cosmetics during lab is prohibited.
- 7. APPAREL FOR CHEMICAL LABS You must wear clothing that will cover your skin: • Your shoulders, mid-sections, and legs must be covered; • No clogs, sandals, slaps, flip-flops, etc… (all of your foot must be covered).
- 8. CATEGORIES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS CATEGORY DESCRIPTION TOXICS Poisons; usually cause damage throughout the body REACTIVE Reacts with everyday substances CORROSIVE Corrodes substances including flesh FLAMMABLE Burns easily COMPRESSED High pressures and possible toxic and GASES flammable gases IRRITANTS Irritate mucus membrane and skin CHRONIC Carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens – cause HAZARDS long-term harm
- 9. ROUTES OF CHEMICAL ENTRY Route of entry describes the way the chemical enters the body. Chemicals may have serious effects by one route, and minimal effects by another. Hazardous chemicals may enter the body by: INHALATION • A chemical can enter your body through the lungs while breathing ABSORPTION • A chemical can enter your body by being splashed on the skin or in the eyes
- 10. ROUTES OF CHEMICAL ENTRY (cont.) INGESTION • A chemical can enter your body through intentional ingestion or unintentional ingestion. • Chewing on the end of a pen or pencil • Hand to mouth contact INJECTION • A chemical can enter your body by being injected under the skin • Hypodermic Needle • Broken Glass
- 11. ROUTES OF CHEMICAL ENTRY (cont.) In the laboratory the primary Routes of Entry are through inhalation and absorption. • Working in a laboratory with good general ventilation and using a chemical fume hood can prevent inhalation exposures. • Wearing appropriate chemical protective clothing and equipment prevents absorption contact. • Good hygiene habits, such as regular washing your hands, and using tongs or other tools to pick up sharp objects, will prevent exposure through ingestion or injection.
- 12. YOUR RIGHT TO KNOW Hazard information about the chemical you use may be presented in the form of: 1. MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheets 2. Container Labels • Manufacturer’s Labels • Secondary Labels • Labels for “Unknowns” 3. Precautionary Labels • NFPA Diamond • HMIS
- 13. MSDS INFORMATION Material Data Safety Data Sheets Note: This is an example of an MSDS. Not all MSDSs will have the same format provides information such as: • Chemical identification • Physical data (flash point, boiling point…) • Health & fire hazards • first aid • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Toxicity • Waste disposal MSDSs are available in the laboratories
- 14. CONTAINER LABELS Primary container labels are labels that the manufacturer places on the container. These labels provide the following: • The Chemical Name (Identity) • The Hazards associated with the Chemical • The Manufacturer of the chemical and the contact information
- 15. CONTAINER LABELS Secondary containers – the containers that the Laboratory Supervisor prepares will be labeled with the following information: Name of Chemical Not just the Formula Hazard of Chemical In this example, the chemical is a flammable liquid; poisonous liquid and; an irritant
- 16. CONTAINER LABELS Containers of Unknowns ● Occasionally you will work with chemicals whose identity is unknown. ● The safety information for these chemicals will be provided. ● Treat your unknown chemical as if it is in the most hazardous category.
- 17. PRECAUTIONARY LABELS Chemical hazards are communicated immediately through Precautionary Labels. The most common types of these labels are the NFPA Label and the HMIS Label. ● The NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) Label is a diamond-shaped label with colors, numbers and symbols to communicate chemical hazard information. ● Each color represents a hazard category: • Blue – Health Hazard • Yellow – Reactivity Hazard • Red – Flammability Hazard • White – Specific Hazard ● Use the numbers 0-4 • The higher the number, the higher the hazard.
- 18. UNDERSTANDING NFPA DIAMOND LABEL Fire Hazard Health Hazard (Flash Point) 4 - Deadly 4 – Below 73° F 3 - Extreme Danger 3 – Below 100° F 2 - Hazardous 2 – Below 200° F 1 – Slightly Hazardous 1 – Above 200° F 0 – Normal Material 0 – Will not burn Specific Hazard Reactivity Oxidizer - OXY 4 – May detonate Acid - ACID 3 – Shock and heat Alkali - ALK may detonate Corrosive - COR 2 – Violent chemical change Use NO WATER - W 1 – Unstable if heated Radioactive - 0 – Stable
- 19. UNDERSTANDING NFPA DIAMOND LABEL In this example, you do not know what chemical is in the bottle but you do know: ● It is an Extreme Health Hazard because of the BLUE 3 ● The Flash Point is above 200 and does not present a serious fire hazard because of the RED 1 ● The chemical is stable and will not React because of the YELLOW 0 ● The chemical is an Acid
- 20. UNDERSTANDING HMIS LABEL Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS) is similar to the NFPA label, however: ● HMIS label is rectangular in shape ● Uses symbols indicating the PPE to be worn while working with the chemical.
- 21. DEFINITIONS FLASHPOINT: • The lowest temperature at which the vapor of a combustible liquid will ignite. OXIDIZER: • A chemical that provides oxygen and accelerates a reaction so that it may become explosive. ALKALI: • A chemical with a very high pH thus making it a strong base.
- 22. CHEMICAL SAFETY GUIDELINES ● Always add Acid to the water or aqueous solution, never add water to acid! ● Always use two hands on glass containers over 2 liters in size. Keep one hand on the bottom. ● Transport large chemical bottles in a transfer container bucket.
- 23. CHEMICAL SAFETY GUIDELINES ● Read the label on all containers BEFORE and AFTER you remove the contents. ● Use volatile chemicals (readily become a vapor at relatively low temperatures) in a chemical hood. ● Handle ALL unknown chemicals as if they were hazardous!
- 24. CHEMICAL SAFETY GUIDELINES ● Avoid cross contamination by: o Never putting reagents back in the stock bottle. o Paying close attention to what you are doing. ● Clean balances and scales after each use. ● Always replace the lid after obtaining chemicals (liquid or solid). ● Dispose of waste products in appropriate containers. ● If you do not know… ASK!
- 25. CHEMICAL DISPOSAL Non-Hazardous waste Hazardous Waste Lab Supervisor will provide Dispose of hazardous chemicals in disposal instructions. labeled waste containers. Dispose of chemicals in the sink Replace bottle covers after only after being instructed to do using the funnel. so.
- 26. CHEMICAL DISPOSAL GUIDELINES ● Listen to the instructions provided by your Instructor on disposal of chemicals for each laboratory procedure. ● Different liquid wastes should NOT be mixed (ask the Instructor) ● Fill waste container to just below neck of the bottle (no higher) ● Dispose of all chemicals in properly labeled containers as instructed by the Instructor.
- 27. REMINDER Please complete the quiz for Module 2 before continuing.