Future protocol IP v6
- 1. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. In 1978, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) mandated the use of IPv4 for all “host-to-host” data exchange enabling IPv4 to become the mechanism for the military to create integrated versus stove piped communications.
- 2. So far, IPv4 has proven itself as a robust routable addressing protocol and has served us for decades on its best-effort-delivery mechanism. It was designed in the early 80s and did not get any major change afterward. At the time of its birth, Internet was limited only to a few universities for their research and to the Department of Defense.
- 3. Internet has grown exponentially and the address space allowed by IPv4 is saturating. There is a requirement to have a protocol that can satisfy the needs of future Internet addresses that is expected to grow in an unexpected manner. IPv4 on its own does not provide any security features. Data has to be encrypted with some other security application before being sent on the Internet
- 4. World IPv6 Launch day on June 6, 2012
- 6. IPv6 is technology with a main focus on changing the structure of current IP addresses, which will allow for virtually unlimited IP addresses. The current version, IPv4 is a growing concern with the limited IP addresses, making it a fear that they will run out in the future. IPv6 will also have a goal to make the Internet a more secure place for browsers, and with the rapid number of identity theft victims, this is a key feature.
- 7. Version 0 to 3 were used while the protocol was itself under development and experimental process. So, we can assume lots of background activities remain active before putting a protocol into production. Similarly, Protocol version 5 was used while experimenting with the stream protocol for Internet. It is known to us as “Internet Stream Protocol” which used Internet Protocol number 5 to encapsulate its datagram. It was never brought into public use, but it was already used.
- 8. Internet Users or PC ~530 million users in Q2 CY2002, ~945 million by 2004 (Source: Computer Industry Almanac) Emerging population/geopolitical and Address space PDA, Pen-Tablet, Notepad,… ~20 million in 2004 Mobile phones Already 1 billion mobile phones delivered by the industry Transportation 1 billion automobiles forecast for 2008 Internet access in Planes Consumer devices Billions of Home and Industrial Appliances
- 10. Convention: The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit integers (using hexadecimal digits for each integer) Short notation: Abbreviations of leading zeroes: “:0000:0000” can be written as “::”
- 11. Larger Address Space Aggregation-based address hierarchy – Efficient backbone routing Efficient and Extensible IP datagram Stateless Address Auto configuration Security (IPsec mandatory) Mobility Header No Broadcast Anycast Support Smooth Transition Extensibility
- 12. As in IPv4, IPv6 has 2 families of routing protocols: IGP and EGP, and still uses the longest-prefix match routing algorithm IGP RIPng (RFC 2080) Cisco EIGRP for IPv6 OSPFv3 (RFC 2740) Integrated IS-ISv6 (draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-02) EGP : MP-BGP4 (RFC 2858 and RFC 2545)
- 13. Unicast: for one-to-one communication Multicast: for one-to-many communication Anycast: for one-to-nearest communication
- 14. Mobile computers are becoming commonplace. Mobile IPv6 allows a node to move from one link to another without changing the address. Movement can be heterogeneous, i.e., node can move from an Ethernet link to a cellular packet network. Mobility support in IPv6 is more efficient than mobility support in IPv4.
- 15. No option field: Replaced by extension header. Result in a fixed length, 40-byte IP header. No header checksum: Result in fast processing. No fragmentation at intermediate nodes: Result in fast IP forwarding.
- 16. IPv6 Supported by every major OS vendor Many core network services have support, particularly in the Open Source community Smart device manufacturers have already developed products that leverage v6 Current operating systems that have IPv6 support - HP-UX 11i - Linux (Red hat, Mandrake, Debi an, Susie) - BSD flavors (Free, Net, Open) - Sun Solaris 8 and 9 - Windows 2000, XP, 7, 8 - IBM AIX (since release 4.3)
- 17. Number of v6 applications growing Services currently available: - DNS, some DHCPv6 - Web (Server and browsers) - E-mail (server - client availability still missing) - Basic functions (FTP, Telnet, SSH, Ident, Whois, News) Commercial firewalls now available.
- 18. No Broadcast in IPv6 – Replaced by Multicast – Multicast scope provides flexibility Uncontrolled fragmentation in IPv4 – Only a source node can fragment IPv6 – Limits packet size to minimum MTU in path (Maximum Transmission Unit) Other features inherent to IPv6 - Security encryption - Header encryption - Sender authentication - Privacy
- 20. Node – A device that implements IPv6. – A node can be a host or a router – A node can be an entertainment system – A node can be a PDA or cell phone Router – A node that forwards IPv6 packets not explicitly addressed to itself. – Routers operate at the Network Layer – Routers use metrics to determine optimal paths which network traffic should be forwarded
- 21. Host – Any node that is not a router – A host can be your computer at home – A host can be your cell phone or PDA Upper Layer – A protocol layer immediately above IPv6. - TCP/UDP - ICMP - OSPF Link – A communication facility or medium over which nodes can communicate at the Data Link Layer.
- 22. Neighbors – Nodes attached to the same link. – 2 PC’s on a hub can be neighbors – Hosts and routers can be neighbors Interface – A node’s attachment to a link. - A Network Interface Card (NIC) is an interface - A node can have more than one interface - Routers often have multiple interfaces - A PC’s dial-up adapter is an interface Address – An IPv6-layer identifier for an interface or a set of interfaces.
- 23. www.ipv6forum.net www.v6pc.jp www.ipv6-taskforce.org www.hs247.com www.ipv6.org