Demography population dynamics
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Demography is the scientific study of human populations and changes within them. A population's size and composition can change due to births, deaths, and migration. Demographers use a balancing equation to analyze population change over time based on births, deaths, and net migration. Important demographic processes include fertility, mortality, marriage, education, and social mobility. Population growth rates vary globally and influence issues like poverty, health, education, and resource availability.
Demography population dynamics
- 4. Demography is scientific study of human population. & Changes within them
- 5. in Population Size & its Composition in response to: OR Birth Aging Death Migration
- 6. i Population size (# of persons in pop:) rapid growth, slow growth, population decline ii Population Structure: / Composition: (Division according to characteristic) (E.g:- Sex structure, Age structure) ethnic, age, sex (also, how many are non-citizens) iii Population distribution % rural, % urban, % suburban. Also, how many citizens live overseas Important ‘demographic processes’ include: fertility, mortality, marriage, education & social mobility.
- 7. 1960 US Fl Ln 1970 1980 1990 2000 179,323,175 203,211,926 226,545,805 248,709,873 281,421,906 4,951,560 6,789,443 9,746,324 12,937,926 15,982,378 74,225 103,047 148,665 192,493 239,452
- 8. Population Structure: / Composition: (Division according to characteristic) (E.g:- Sex structure, Age structure) ethnic, age, sex (also, how many are non-citizens) Males Females
- 9. Population distribution % rural, % urban, % suburban. Also, how many citizens live overseas
- 10. 1. Census 2. National Survey 3. Registration of vital events (Births, Deaths ,Marriages , Adoptions, Divorces & separations) 4. Demographic Studies
- 11. Science of Motion population Dynamics = Changes of population (Increasing OR Decreasing) World Population 6.3 billion Growth Rate 1.3% (If continue to grow this rate) Pop: will be Doubled (in Next 50 Ys:) World Pop: by ¼ of m each day Pak ranks 7th of the World
- 12. Components of Population Change (Population Dynamics) • Demographers rely upon the “Demographic Balancing Equation” to very simply and elegantly summarize population change: Pop2 = Pop1+ (B – D) + (IM – OM), where Pop2 = Population at a later time period (Future Pop:) Pop1 = Population at an earlier time period(Present Pop:) B = Births Migration D = Deaths Mortality IM = In-Migration (immigrants or in-population) Fertility OM = Out-Migration (Emigrants) • The nature of population change is simple… changes can only occur through: 1) Births, 2) Deaths, or 3) Migration
- 13. No: of Live Births (B) No: of Deaths (D) No: of Immigration / In Migration (IM) No: of Emigration / Out Migration (OM)
- 14. • Number of years it will take for population to double at current growth rate 70 ÷ Growth Rate = Doubling Time Growth Rate Doubling Time Afghanistan India United States Denmark Pakistan 2.5% 1.3% .5% 0.0% 2.8% 28 years 54 years 140 years -25 years
- 15. Difference between CBR & CDR GR = CBR - CDR Pakistan on explosive rate (Growing) Many Problems Health Education Available Resources
- 16. CBR = No: of Live births in a yr: in a Pop: X 1000 Mid yr: Pop: Pakistan = 39/1000 CDR = No: of deaths in a yr: in a Pop: X 1000 Mid yr: Pop: Pakistan = 11/1000 GR = CBR- CDR = 39-11/1000 =28/1000 GR = 2.8%
- 17. NI(B-D)+Net Migration (IM-OM) Natural Increase: Surplus or deficit of births over death Net Migration: Net effect of immigration & emigration ( or )
- 18. Population is increased at a given period of time. Effect of natural increase & net migration. Expressed in % per year. Rapid PGR link to following many problems in less developed countries. Hunger Poverty High IMR inadequacies in social / Health services i,e Transportation & communication
- 20. Increasing Female Literacy Rate Increasing age of female at marriage Increasing Contraceptive Utilization By Family limitation
- 21. END