(behaviorism and social learning theory)
- 1. Behaviorism (S-R) Psychology - founded by John B. Watson - focus on the study of observable and measurable behavior -concentrate on actual behavior, basing their conclusion on external manifistation of learning. - learning is a changed in behavior.
- 2. Conditioning theory - type of learning that occurs when an association is made between a stimulus and response. 2 Major type 1. Classical Conditioning 2. Operant Conditioning
- 3. Classical Conditioning theory - learning through stimulus pairing - first described and studied by a russian physiologist , Ivan Pavlov
- 4. Neutral Stimulus - Something that wouldn't normally elicit a particular reflexive response from the participant
- 5. Connectionism theory (by edward lee thorndike) - believes that all learning is explained by bonds of connections that are formed between stimulus and response. - formulated three laws of learning
- 6. Law of readiness - Thorndike states that readiness is a very important condition in learning, because a learner must be satisfied or frustrated depending on his/her state of readiness.
- 7. Law of Exercise - this law explains that any connection is strengthened in proportion to the number of times occurs and in proportion to the average vigor and duration of the connection.
- 8. Law of effect - when the organism's response is accompanied or followed by a satisfactory state, the strenght of the connection is increased.
- 9. Operant conditioning/instrumental conditioning theory - type of learning in which the future probability of a behavior is affected by its consequences.
- 10. Operant consequences 1. Reinforcement - any procedure that result in an increase in a response 2. Punishment - any procedure that results in a decrease in a response.
- 11. Positive reinforcement - a situation in which a response is followed by the addition of a reinforcing stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the response will be repeated in similar situations. Negative reinforcement - a situation in which a response results in the removal, avoidance or escape from stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the response will be repeated in similar situations
- 12. Social cognitive theory - founded by albert bandura - emphasize the behavior, environment and cognition are the key factors in development
- 13. The modeling process 1. Attention – attending to what the model is saying or doing. 2. Retention – coding the information and keep it in memory so that it can be retrieved. 3. Reproduction – Possesses motor capabilities to perform the action 4. Reinforcement – any procedure that result in an increase of response.
- 14. Prepared by: Clarissa Thea Ramos Bsped 3