Abap

ABAP / 4 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
1) What is SAP R/3?
Ans SAP R/3 refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-time having
a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database layer.
2) What are the programming standards followed?
3) What are the contents in technical specifications?
Ans There are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category, Buffering
Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.
4) What is an instance?
Ans When you call a function module, an instance of its function group plus its data, is loaded
into the memory area of the internal session. An ABAP program can load several instances by
calling function modules from different function groups.
5) How to take care of performance in ABAP Development?
6) What is Function group? Difference between function group and function module?
Ans Function Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong together.
Function Groups
1) These cannot be defined in a Function Module.
2) It cannot be called.
3) They are containers for Function Module.
Function Modules
1) These must be defined in a Function Group.
2) It can be called from any program.
3) They are not containers for Function Group.
7) What is the difference between ‗Select single * ‗ and ‗Select upto 1 rows‘?
Ans ‗Select single *‘ – The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is not possible
to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the selection. For e.g.

DATA : ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB
WHERE EMPNO = ‗00101‘ AND DEPTNO = ‗0010‘.
WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.
Select upto 1 rows -
8) What Function does data dictionary perform?
Ans Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary
contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the
system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy.
9) Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate object?
Ans Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length,
possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an underlying domain. A
single domain can be the basis for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP
Dictionary.
Data Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical attributes are based
on a domain, and its business function is described by its field labels and documentation.
Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because
they are formed from several related table.
10) What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
Ans View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual table
that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented view of one or more
ABAP Dictionary tables.
Different Types of View:
1) Maintenance
2) Database – It is on more than two tables.
3) Projection – It is only on one table.
4) Help
11) Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between float and packed data type?

Ans No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal places are not permitted with N
data type.
Float Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters.
Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g.
PARAMETERS : A(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
B(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
DATA : C(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
C = A + B.
WRITE : / ‗THE SUM IS‘ , C.
12) What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?
Ans A step loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or
more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen.
Step loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain
more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs in the
flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel
the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop
processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily by screen
row, and secondarily by screen column.
Transaction TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the
table you saw in transaction TZ60.
Static and Dynamic Step Loops
Step loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size
that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-
sizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step
loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step
loops, but only a single dynamic one.
You specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the
attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed,
the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number can
never change.

Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use
both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.
Looping in a Step Loop
When you use LOOP AT <internal-table> with a step loop, the system automatically
displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll bars, and the updated (scrolled)
table display, are managed by the system.
Use the following additional parameters if desired:
FROM <line1> and TO <line2>
CURSOR <scroll-var>
13) What is the initial value and maximum length of all data type?
Ans
Data Type Initial field length Valid field length Initial value Meaning
Numeric types
I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number)
F 8 8 0 Floating point number
P 8 1 – 16 0 Packed number
Character types
C 1 1 – 65535 ‘ … ‘ Text field (alphanumeric characters)
D 8 8 ‘00000000′ Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD)
N 1 1 – 65535 ‘0 … 0′ Numeric text field (numeric characters)
T 6 6 ‘000000′ Time field (format: HHMMSS)
Hexadecimal type
X 1 1 – 65535 X’0 … 0′ Hexadecimal field
14) What are the ways to find out the tables used in the program?
Ans
15) Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the same time?
If yes how and if no why?
Ans
19) What function module upload data from application server?

Ans
20) What are the various types of selection screen event?
Ans SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW.
CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.
21) What do you know about a client?
Ans
22) What are the system fields? Explain?
Ans The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the runtime
environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out particular states of the
system. Although they are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this
may overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program. However,
there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For
example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation within
details lists.
23) What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script? Difference between
SAP Script and Report?
Ans SAP Script – It is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two
types – PC Editor & Line Editor.
Reports - It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or directly output
it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.
24) What is the use of occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs value in program?
Ans Use of Occurs - If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of
the table is returned to the variable <n>
Data : Begin of ITAB occurs 0,
End of ITAB.
Occurs or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be assigned to the
table.

Yes, we can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same.
25) Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used?
Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?
Ans SY-TABIX - Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below,
but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables.
* APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains the
overall number of entries in the table.
* COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table
has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0.
* LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass.
At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is
set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE.
* READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary search,
and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more
than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to return an entry.
* SEARCH <itab> FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the search string
is found.
SY_INDEX - In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes
including the current pass.
16) What are the different functions used in sap script? What are the parameters used in each
Function?
Ans There are three different functions used in SAP Script:
1)OPEN_FORM
2)WRITE_FORM
3)CLOSE_FORM
Parameters in Each Function:
1)OPEN_FORM–
Exporting

Form
Language
2)WRITE_FORM–
Exporting
Element
Window
3) CLOSE_FORM
17) What is sequence of event triggered in report?
Ans There are 6 events in report:
1)Initialization
2)At Selection-Screen
3)Start-of-Selection
4)Get
5)Get Late
6)End-of-Selection
7)Top-of-Page
End-of-Page
9)At Line Selection
10)At User Command
11)At PF (nn)
18) What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?
Ans There are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:
1)Header

2)Logo
3)Main Window
4)Footer
26) Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?
Ans UPLOAD - File transfer with dialog from presentation server file to internal table. Data
which is available in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table.
ASCII & Binary files can be transferred.
WS_UPLOAD - To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a
user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters are
listed below.
Parameters Function
CODEPAGE Only for upload under DOS: Value IBM
FILENAME Filename
FILETYPE File type
27) Why did u switch to SAP?
Ans
28) What is a Logical Database?
Ans Logical Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to
application programs.
Use of LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable ABAP
programs.
29) What are the events used for Logical Database?
Ans Two Events –
1) GET - This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical database. It
occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node
and made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement NODES
. The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET statements2) PUT -
The PUT statement directs the program flow according to the structure of

the logical database.
30) What is the difference between Get and Get Late?
Ans GET - After the logical database has read an entry from the node
.GET LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that are below
in the database hierarchy.31) What are the data types of Internal Tables?
Ans There are three types:
1) Line
2) Key
3) Table
32) What are the events used in ABAP in the order of execution?
Ans Events are:
1. INITIALIZATION
2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN
3. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON
4. START-OF-SELECTION
5. TOP-OF-PAGE
6. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION
7. END-OF-PAGE
8. END-OF-SELECTION
9. AT USER-COMMAND
10. AT LINE-SELECTION
11. AT PF

12. GET
13. GET LATE.
14. AT User Command
33) What are Interactive Reports?
Ans An output list which displays just the basic details & allow user to interact, so that a new list
is populated based on user-selection. With interactive list, the user can actively control data
retrieval and display during the session.
34) What are the commands used for interactive reports?
Ans Top-of-Page during line-selection
35) What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain?
Ans I had worked with the following (30) system fields:
1) SY-DBSYS - Central Database
2) SY-HOST - Server
3) SY-OPSYS - Operating System
4) SY-SAPRL - SAP Release
5) SY-SYSID - System Name
6) SY-LANGU - User Logon Language
7) SY-MANDT - Client
SY-UNAME - Logon User Name
9) SY-DATLO - Local Date
10) SY-DATUM - Server Date
11) SY-TIMLO - Local Time
12) SY-UZEIT - Server Time
13) SY-DYNNR - Screen Number

14) SY-REPID - Current ABAP program
15) SY-TCODE - Transaction Code
16) SY-ULINE - Horizontal Line
17) SY-VLINE - Vertical Line
18) SY-INDEX - Number of current loop Pass
19) SY-TABIX - Current line of internal table
20) SY-DBCNT - Number of table entries processed
21) SY-SUBRC - Return Code
22) SY-UCOMM - Function Code
23) SY-LINCT - Page Length of list
24) SY-LINNO - Current Line
25) SY-PAGNO - Current Page Number
26) SY-LSIND - Index of List
27) SY-MSGID - Message Class
28) SY-MSGNO - Message Number
29) SY-MSGTY - Message Type
30) SY-SPONO - Spool number during printing
36) What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?
Ans Primary Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL.
Unique Key – It can be NULL.
37) What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?
Ans SM30
38) If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the selection-screen elements?

Ans Select-options : dname for deptt-dname.
39) What is an RFC?
Ans Remote Function Call
40) If u are using RFC and passing values to a remote system how does it work?
Ans
41) What are the events in Screen Programming?
Ans There are two events in Screen Programming:
1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed.
2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is
processed.
3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can
program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the
system carries on processing the current screen.
4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You
can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing,
the system carries on processing the current screen.
42) What is the significance of HIDE?
Ans Its stores the click value and display the related record in the secondary list.
43) Where do u code the HIDE statement?
Ans In a LOOP statement
44) Types of BDC‘s?
Ans There are two types of BDC‘s:
1) Transaction Method
2) Session Method
45) Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC‘s?
Ans Transaction Method:
1) It is faster than session method.

2) While executing, it starts from starting.
Session Method:
1) It is slower than transaction method.
2) While executing, it does not start from starting.
46) What are the events used in Interactive Reports.
Ans There are three events of Interactive Reports:
I. At PF(nn)
II. At line-selection
III. At user-command
47) What is an RDBMS?
Ans RDBMS – Relational Database Management System. It helps to create relationship between two
or more table.
48) What standards u use to follow while coding ABAP programs?
Ans
49) What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION & END-OF-SELECTON & why?
Ans START-OF-SELECTION
SELECT * FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB
WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.
APPEND ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT ITAB.
WRITE : / 10 ITAB-DEPTNO.
HIDE : ITAB-DEPTNO.
ENDLOOP.

END-OF-SELECTION
50) What are joins and different types joins?
Ans There are four types of Joins:
1) Self Join
2) Inner Join
3) Outer Join
4) Equi Join
51) Which is the default join?
Ans
52) How do u display a data in a Detail List?
Ans By using two statements:
1) Top-of-page during line-selection
2) At line-selection
53) What are the types of windows in SAP Script?
Ans There are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script:
1) Page
2) Window
3) Page Window
4) Paragraph Format
5) Character Format
54) What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver program?
Ans There are three functions used in SAP Script:
1) OPEN_FORM

2) WRITE_FORM
3) CLOSE_FORM
55) What are Extracts?
Ans Extracts are dynamic sequential datasets in which different lines can have different
structures. We can access the individual records in an extract dataset using a LOOP.
56) How would u go about improving the performance of a Program, which selects data from
MSEG & MKPF?
Ans
57) How does System work in case of an Interactive Report?
Ans
58) What is LUW?
Ans Logical Unit of Work
59) Different types of LUWs. What r they?
Ans Two types of LUW are:
1) DB LUW - A database LUW is the mechanism used by the database to ensure that its data is
always consistent. A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations that ends
with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully executed by the database system or
not at all. Once a database LUW has been successfully executed, the database will be in a
consistent state. If an error occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the
beginning of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it had before
the transaction started.
2) SAP LUW - A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the
database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW, an SAP
LUW can span several dialog steps, and be executed using a series of different work processes.
60) What is First event triggered in program?
Ans
61) What are various Joins? What is right outer join?
Ans

62) How do u find out whether a file exits on the presentation server?
Ans eps_get_directory_listing for directory
63) Systems fields used for Interactive Lists AND Lists
Ans Interactive System Fields: SY-LSIND, SY-CPAGE, SY-LILLI, SY-LISEL, SY-LISTI,
SY-LSTAT, SY-STACO, SY-STARO
Lists: SY-COLNO, SY-LINCT, SY-LINNO, SY-LINSZ, SY-PAGNO,
SY-TVAR0…..SY-TVAR9, SY-WTITL
64) Logo in SAP Script?
Ans RSTXLDMC OR
Steps for making and inserting Logo in SAP Script:
First Procedure:
1) Draw the picture
2) Save it
3) /nSE78
4) Write name & Choose Color
5) Click on Import
6) Browse picture
7) Enter
Second Procedure
1) /nSE71
2) Insert
3) Graphics
4) Click on stored on document server

5) Execute
6) Choose name of BMAP
65) What are the difference between call screen and leave screen?
Ans Call Screen: Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen sequence. If you
want to prevent the called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can use the
CALL SCREEN statement with the STARTING AT and ENDING AT
CALL SCREEN 1000.
CALL SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20.
LEAVE SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen.
LEAVE SCREEN.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 2000.
66) If internal table used in for all entries in empty then what happens
Ans No, records will be displayed.
67) If I forgot some command in SAP Script e.g.: suppress zero display - How to do find it?
Ans Suppressing of entire screens is possible with this command. This command allows us to
perform screen processing ―in the background‖. Suppressing screens is useful when we are
branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step.
68) How to write a BDC - how do u go about it?
Ans Steps for writing BDC
1) /nSE38
2) Declare Tables, Data (for ITAB) and Data (for BDCITAB)
3) Call function ‗Upload‘.
4) Write code for the First Screen, Radio Button, Filename, Change Button, Second Screen,
Utilities (Create Entries), Third Screen and Save.
5) Call transaction ‗SE11‘ using BDCITAB mode ‗A‘.
6) Save, Check Errors, Activate and Execute.

69) What is Performance tuning?
Ans
70) Define Documentation.
Ans
71) Brief about Testing of programs.
Ans
72) How do u move on to the next screen in interactive reporting?
Ans Write code of the following:
1) Top-of-Page during line-selection
2) At line-selection
73) Create any functions? How to go about it?
Ans Steps for creating the Functions:
First Procedure:
1) /nSE37
2) Goto
3) Function Group (FG)
4) Create Group
5) Name of FG (ZREKHA_FG)
6) Short Text
7) Save
Local Object
Second Procedure
1) Environment

2) Inactive Object
3) Function Group (ZREKHA_FG)
4) Activate
5) Back
Third Procedure
1) Name of Function Module (ZREKHA_FM)
2) Create
3) Write FG Name (ZREKHA_FG)
4) Short Text
5) Save
Fourth Step:
Call function ‗ZREKHA_FM‘.
74) Advanced topics?
Ans
75) Function modules used in F4 help.
Ans There are two types of function modules used in F4 help:
1) F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST
2) F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST
76) Work most on which module: Name a few tables.
Ans Sales & Distribution Module
1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP
2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA
3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK

4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA
5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS
6) Customer Master – KNA1
7) Material Data – MARA
Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV
77) System Table used
Ans
1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP
2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA
3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK
4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA
5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS
6) Customer Master – KNA1
7) Material Data – MARA
Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV
78) From a table how do u find whether a material is used in another material BOM?
Ans
79) What is read line?
Ans READ LINE and READ CURRENT LINE – These statements are used to read data from
the lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely connected to the HIDE technique.
80) How u used logical database? How is data transferred to program? Corresponding statement
in LDB.
Ans
81) How do u suppress fields on selection screen generated by LDB?

Ans
82) Can there be more than 1 main window in SAP Script?
Ans No, there cannot be more than 1 main window in SAP Script because in WRITE_FORM, it
asks for the parameter Window that will create the problem.
WRITE_FORM–
Exporting
Element
Window
83) Global and local data in function modules.
Ans
84) What are the differences between SAP memory and ABAP memory?
Ans ABAP Memory is a memory area in the internal session (roll area) of an ABAP program.
Data within this area is retained within a sequence of program calls, allowing you to pass data
between programs that call one another. It is also possible to pass data between sessions using
SAP Memory.
SAP Memory is a memory area to which all sessions within a SAPgui have access. You can use
SAP memory either to pass data from one program to another within a session (as with ABAP
memory) or to pass data from one session to another.
85) What are differences between At selection-screen and At selection-screen output?
Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN event is triggered in the PAI of the selection screen once the
ABAP runtime environment has passed all of the input data from the selection screen to the
ABAP program.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT - This event block allows you to modify the selection
screen directly before it is displayed.
86) What are the events?
Ans
87) What is get cursor field?

Ans GET CURSOR statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor is
positioned during a user action into the variable .
GET CURSOR FIELD [OFFSET ] [LINE
] [VALUE ] LENGTH ].
88) What is the inside concept in select-options?
Ans Select-options specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.
Different Properties of Select-options:
1) Visible Length
2) Matchcode Object
3) Memory ID
4) Lowercase
5) Obligatory
6) No Display
7) Modify ID
89) What is the difference between occurs 1 and occurs 2?
Ans
90) What is the difference between Free and Refresh?
Ans Free - You can use FREE to initialize an internal table and release its memory space without
first using the REFRESH or CLEAR statement. Like REFRESH, FREE works on the table body,
not on the table work area. After a FREE statement, you can address the internal table again. It
still occupies the amount of memory required for its header (currently 256 bytes). When you
refill the table, the system has to allocate new memory space to the lines.
Refresh - This always applies to the body of the table. As with the CLEAR statement, the
memory used by the table before you initialized it remains allocated. To release the memory
space, use the statement
91) What are elements?
Ans

92) Can we have more than one selection-screen and how?
Ans Yes, we can have more than one selection screen.
Selection-screen begin of block honey with frame title text-101.
Select-options : deptno for zrekha_deptt-deptno.
Selection-screen end of block honey.
Selection-screen begin of block honey1 with frame title text-102.
Select-options : dname for zrekha_deptt-dname.
Selection-screen end of block honey1.
93) How to declare select-option as a parameter?
Ans SELECT-OPTIONS: specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter
values.
Parameters: dname like dept-dname.
Select-options: dname for dept-dname.
94) How can u write programmatically value help to a field without using search help and
match codes?
Ans By using two types of function modules to be called in SAP Script:
1) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW_FOR_FIELD
2) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW
95) What are the differences between SE01, SE09 and SE10?
Ans SE01 - Correction & Transport Organizer
SE09 - Workbench Organizer
SE10 - Customizing Organizer
96) How to set destination?
Ans

97) What are the function module types?
Ans
98) What are tables?
Ans Tables : ZREKHA_EMP.
It creates a structure – the table work area in a program for the database tables, views or structure
ZREKHA_EMP. The table work area has the same name as the object for which we created it.
ZREKHA_EMP must be declared in the ABAP dictionary. The name and sequence of fields in
the table work area ZREKHA_EMP corresponds exactly to the sequence of fields in the database
table, view definition in the ABAP dictionary.
99) What are client-dependant tables and independent tables?
Ans
100) How to distinguish client-dependant tables from independent tables?
Ans
101) What is the use of Table maintenance allowed?
Ans Mark the Table maintenance allowed flag if users with the corresponding authorization may
change the data in the table using the Data Browser (Transaction SE16). If the data in the table
should only be maintained with programs or with the table view maintenance transaction
(Transaction SM30), you should not set the flag.
102) How to define Selection Screen?
Ans Parameters, Select-options & Selection-Screen
103) What are the check tables and value tables?
Ans Check Table: The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define relationships between tables using
foreign keys . A dependent table is called a foreign key table, and the referenced table is called
the check table. Each key field of the check table corresponds to a field in the foreign key table.
These fields are called foreign key fields. One of the foreign key fields is designated as the check
field for checking the validity of values. The key fields of the check table can serve as input help
for the check field.
Value Table: Prior to Release 4.0, it was possible to use the value table of a domain to provide
input help. This is no longer possible, primarily because unexpected results could occur if the
value table had more than one key field. It was not possible to restrict the other key fields, which
meant that the environment of the field was not considered, as is normal with check tables.

In cases where this kind of value help was appropriate, you can reconstruct it by creating a search
help for the data elements that use the domain in question, and using the value table as the
selection method.
Check table will be at field level checking.
Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.
104) What is the difference between tables and structures?
Ans Tables:
1) Data is permanently stored in tables in the database.
2) Database tables are generated from them.
Structure:
1) It contains data temporarily during program run-time.
2) No Database tables are generated from it.
105) How to declare one internal table without header line without using structures?
Ans No, we cannot declare internal table without header line and without structure because it
gives error ―ITAB cannot be a table, a reference, a string or contain any of these object‖.
Code with Header without Structure
TABLES : ZREKHA_EMP.
DATA : ITAB LIKE ZREKHA_EMP OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.
APPEND ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT ITAB.
ENDLOOP.
Code without Header with Structure

TABLES : ZREKHA_EMP.
DATA : BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,
EMPNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNO,
EMPNAME LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNAME,
DEPTNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-DEPTNO,
END OF ITAB.
SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.
APPEND ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT ITAB.
ENDLOOP.
106) What are lock objects?
Ans Reason for Setting Lock: Suppose a travel agent want to book a flight. The customer wants
to fly to a particular city with a certain airline on a certain day. The booking must only be
possible if there are still free places on the flight. To avoid the possibility of overbooking, the
database entry corresponding to the flight must be locked against access from other transactions.
This ensures that one user can find out the number of free places, make the booking, and change
the number of free places without the data being changed in the meantime by another transaction.
The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records with
a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by
calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock Requests). These function modules are
automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary.
Two types of Lock: Shared and Exclusive
107) What are datasets? What are the different syntaxes?
Ans The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for
file handling in SAP.
OPEN DATASET [DATASET NAME] FOR [OUTPUT / INPUT / APPENDING]

IN [BINARY / TEXT] MODE
AT POSITION [POSITION]
MESSAGE [FIELD]
READ DATASET [DATASET NAME] INTO [FIELD]
DELETE DATASET [DATASET NAME]
CLOSE DATASET [DATASET NAME]
TRANSFER [FIELD] TO [DATASET NAME]
108) What are the events we use in dialog programming and explain them?
Ans There are two events in Dialog Programming i.e. screen:
1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed.
2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is
processed.
3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can
program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the
system carries on processing the current screen.
4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You
can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing,
the system carries on processing the current screen.
109) What is the difference between OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM?
Ans OPEN_FORM – This module opens layout set printing. This function must be called up
before we can work with other layout set function like WRITE_FORM.
WRITE_FORM – Output text element in form window. The specified element of the layout set
window entered is output. The element must be defined in the layout set.
CLOSE_FORM – End layout set printing. Form printing started with OPEN_FORM is
completed. Possible closing operations on the form last opened are carried out. Form printing
must be completed by this function module. If this is not carried out, nothing is printed or
displayed on the screen.
110) What are the page windows? How many main windows will be there in a page window?
Ans Page Window: In this window, we define the margins for left, width, upper and height for
the layout of Header, Logo, Main, & Footer.

111) What are control events in a loop?
Ans Control level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This means
that we can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of certain fields.
AT <level>.
<statement block>
ENDAT.
You can react to the following control level changes:
<level> Meaning
FIRST First line of the internal table
LAST Last line of the internal table
NEW <f> Beginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field <f> and in the
fields left of <f>
END Of <f> End of a group of lines with the same contents in the field <f> and in the fields left
of <f>
112) How to debugg a script?
Ans Go to SE71, give layout set name, go to utilities select debugger mode on.
113) How many maximum sessions can be open in SAPgui?
Ans There are maximum 6 sessions open in SAPgui.
114) SAP Scripts and ABAP programs are client dependent or not? Why?
Ans
115) What are System Variable?
Ans System variables have been predefined by SAP. We can use these variables in formulas
or, for example, to pass on certain pieces of information to a function module. How the
function called by the function module behaves depends on the type of information
passed on.
At present, we can use the following system variables:
System Variable Use Meaning
SY_MODE In function modules Current mode of the PI sheet

SY_TEST In function modules Status of the PI sheet (test or active)
SY_ROW In function modules Current table line
SY_VALUE or X Generally Refers to the immediately preceding input value
116) Is it compulsory to use all the events in Reports?
Ans
117) What is the difference between sum and collect?
Ans Sum: You can only use this statement within a LOOP. If you use SUM in an AT - ENDAT
block, the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines in the current line group and
writes them to the corresponding fields in the work area. If you use the SUM statement outside
an AT - ENDAT block (single entry processing), the system calculates totals for the numeric
fields of all lines of the internal table in each loop pass and writes them to the corresponding
fields of the work area. It therefore only makes sense to use the SUM statement in AT…ENDAT
blocks.
If the table contains a nested table, you cannot use the SUM statement. Neither can you use it if
you are using a field symbol instead of a work area in the LOOP statement.
Collect:
118) What are session method and call transaction method and explain about them?
Ans Session method – Use the BDC_OPEN_GROUP to create a session. Once we have created a
session, then we can insert the batch input data into it with BDC_INSERT. Use the
BDC_INSERT to add a transaction to a batch input session. We specify the transaction that is to
be started in the call to BDC_INSERT. We must provide a BDCDATA structure that contains all
the data required to process the transaction completely. Use the BDC_CLOSE_GROUP to close
a session after we have inserted all of our batch input data into it. Once a session is closed, it can
be processed.
Call Transaction -
In this method, we use CALL TRANSACTION USING to run an SAP transaction. External data
does not have to be deposited in a session for later processing. Instead, the entire batch input
process takes place inline in our program.
119) If you have 10000 records in your file, which method you use in BDC?

Ans Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real
time…because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any
errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct.
120) What are different modes of Call Transaction method and explain them?
Ans There are three modes of Call Transaction method:
1) A – Display All Screens
2) E – Display Errors
3) N – Background Processing
——————————————————————————————————————–
121) What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?
Ans HEADER, BODY, FOOTER.
122) What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used ―component idx of structure‖
clause with field groups?
Ans Field Symbols – They are placeholder or symbolic names for the other fields. They do not
physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. It can point to any data objects.
Field-symbols
Field Groups – Field groups does not reserve storage space but contains pointers to existing
fields.
An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have different structures.
All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define each record type of an
extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement.
Field-groups
123) What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
Ans STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE
to internal table CALLED ―CONVERSION‖.
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED
―SAP DATA TRANSFER‖.

STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
i) Call transaction (Write the program explicitly)
ii) Create sessions (sessions are created and processed. If success, data will transfer).
124) What is a batch input session?
Ans BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table.
Data along with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is
passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
Create session – BDC_OPEN_GROUP
Insert batch input – BDC_INSERT
Close session – BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
125) What is the alternative to batch input session?
Ans Call Transaction Method & Call Dialog
126) A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the
program and the batch session in background. How to do it?
Ans Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps
(JOB SCHEDULING)
127) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are
stored at the database level?
Ans Pool Table -
1) Many to One Relationship.
2) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have
the different name as in the R3 Table definition.
3) It can hold only pooled tables.
Transparent Table –
1) One to One relationship.

2) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the
same name as in the R3 Table definition.
3) It can hold Application data.
128) What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process
different from processing on line?
Ans Two Problems: -
1) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from
the session queue (log remains). However, if session is processed we may delete it manually.
2) If session processing fails, data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
129) Is Session Method, Asynchronous or Synchronous?
Ans Synchronous
130) What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
Ans Different types of data dictionary objects:
1) Tables
2) Views
3) Data elements
4) Structure
5) Domains
6) Search Helps
7) Local Objects
Matchcode
131) How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?
Ans 4 Types of Tables:
1. Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database
exactly with the same data and fields. Both Open SQL and Native SQL can be used.

2. Pool tables
3. Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. One
cannot use Native SQL on these tables (only Open SQL). They are not manageable directly using
database system tools.
4. Internal tables
132) What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?
Ans Steps to create a table:
Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, Range).
Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field).
Step 3: creating tables (SE11).
133) Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?
Ans No, Transparent table do exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the
database, exactly with the same data and fields.
134) In SAP Scripts, how will u link FORM with the Event Driven?
Ans In PAI, define function code and write code for the same.
135) Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
Ans YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.
Here we are refering to a data object (SPFLI) not data element.
136) What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?
Ans GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it
again).
137) What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Ans Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure,
you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements:
EXTRACT .
When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset
and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract
record is added to the dataset

EXTRACT HEADER.
When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.
As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the
structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer
insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups
afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs.
By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the
extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups
dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the
advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
138) What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?
Ans Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not
append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of
the numeric fields in the existing entry.
Append – Duplicate entries occurs.
139) What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL?
Ans Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command
(Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly
stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.
Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing
programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the
database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which
they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.
140) What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?
Ans To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and
follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows:
EXEC SQL [PERFORMING
].
ENDEXEC.
There is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas (‖) or an
asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as

it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to know whether table and field names are case-
sensitive in your chosen database.
141) What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?
Ans ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP
programs and check their syntax. You can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools
in the ABAP Workbench.
142) What are the events in ABAP language?
Ans The events are as follows:
1. Initialization
2. At selection-screen
3. Start-of-selection
4. End-of-selection
5. Top-of-page
6. End-of-page
7. At line-selection
8. At user-command
9. At PF
10. Get
11. At New
12. At LAST
13. AT END
14. AT FIRST
143) What is an interactive report? What is the obvious difference of such report compared
with classical type reports?
Ans An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.

Difference: -
a) The list produced by classical report doesn‘t allow user to interact with the system where as
the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.
B) Once a classical report, executed user looses control where as Interactive, user has control.
C) In classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is possible.
144) What is a drill down report?
Ans Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.
145) How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.
Ans
1. Called program - SE37 - Creating function group, function module by assigning attributes,
importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions.
2. Calling program - SE38 - In program, click pattern and write function name- provide export,
import, tables, exception values.
146) What are the exceptions in function module?
Ans Exceptions: Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no entries
in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception NOT_FOUND serves this
function.
COMMUNICATION_FAILURE & SYSTEM_FAILURE
147)
Ans
148) How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?
Ans DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS
149) What are the fields in a BDC_Tab and BDCDATA Table?
Ans Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:
Sr.No Fields - Description
1) Program - BDC Module pool

2) Dynpro - BDC Screen Number
3) Dynbegin - BDC Screen Start
4) Fname - Field Name
5) Fval - BDC field value
150) Name a few data dictionary objects?
Ans Different types of data dictionary objects:
1) Tables
2) Views
3) Data elements
4) Structure
5) Matchcode
6) Domains
7) Search Helps
Local Objects
151) What happens when a table is activated in DD?
Ans When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table
definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP
dictionary of the particular database.
It is available for any insertion, modification and updation of records by any user.
152)
Ans
153) What are matchcodes? Describe?
Ans It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-
primary keys.
154) What transactions do you use for data analysis?

Ans
155) What are the elements of selection screen?
Ans There are 5 elements of selection screen:
Selection-screen include blocks
Selection-screen include parameters
Selection-screen include select-options
Selection-screen include comment
Selection-screen include push-button
156) What are ranges? What are number ranges?
Ans Main function of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the
selection screen.
Min, Max values provided in selection screens.
It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This is done using
unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a
commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master
numbers.
157) What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?
Ans Parameters : We can enter a single value.
PARAMETERS: PARAM(10).
Select-options: We can enter low and high value i.e. range has to be specify. By using NO-
INTERVAL user can process only single fields.
SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO.
SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO NO-INTERVAL.
SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table, which is automatically filled with values or
ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates a
selection table.
SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .

A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.
The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of .
The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not
apply)
The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT
Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater
than or equal NP No pattern.
Differences-
PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report.
SELECT-OPTIONS allows users to fill an internal table with a range of values.
Select-options provide ranges where as parameters do not.
For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by
choosing
Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.
Eg:- Parameters name(30).
When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for ‗name‘ will appear on the
selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text
elements as described in Selection Texts.
158) How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial
values in a selection screen?
Ans The selection criteria is validated in the processing block of the AT SELECTION SCREEN
event for the input values on the screen and respective messages can be sent.
To display initial values in the selection screen:
1) Use INITIALIZATION EVENT
2) Use DEFAULT VALUE option of PARAMETERS Statement
3) Use SPA/GPA Parameters (PIDs).
Validate: - by using match code objects.

Display :- Parameters default ‗xxx‘.
Select-options for spfli-carrid.
Initial values in a selection screen:
INITIALIZATION.
DNO-LOW = 10.
DNO-HIGH = 30
SIGN I.
OPTION NB.
APPEND DNO.
159) What are selection texts?
Ans
160) What is CTS and what do you know about it?
Ans CTS stands for Correction and Transport System. The CTS provides a range of functions
that help you to choose a transport strategy optimally suited to your requirements. We
recommend that you follow the transport strategy while you plan and set up your system
landscape.
Correction and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects
in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP
Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an
overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your
system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this
documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working
with the Correction and Transport System, see Correction and Transport Organizer and
Transport Management System.
161) When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always
go with it? If not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?
Ans
162) What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?

Ans In commercial, organizational and technical terms, the client is a self-contained unit in the
R3 system, with separate set of Master data and its own set of Tables. When a change is made in
one client all other clients are affected in the system - this type of objects are called Client
independent objects.
163) Are programs client dependent?
Ans Yes, group of users can access these programs with a client number.
164) Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?
Ans SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT, SY-LILLI, SY-DATUM, SY-UZEIT, SY-UCOMM,
SY-TABIX…..
SY-LILLI is absolute number of lines from which the event was triggered.
165) What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to
use a specific number occurs statement?
Ans
1) It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are
used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the
contents of database tables according to users need.
2) Using SY-DBCNT.
3) The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.
166) How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?
Ans Performance of ABAP programs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be
transferred. The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing
the amount of time and also reduces the network traffic.
Some measures that can be taken are:
- Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability).
- Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.
- Range tables should be avoided (IN operator)
- Avoid nested SELECTS.

167) What are datasets?
Ans The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for
file handling in SAP.
168) How to find the return code of an stmt in ABAP programs?
Ans Open SQL has 2 system fields with return codes:
1) SY-SUBRC
2) SY-DBCNT
Using function modules
169) What are Conversion & Interface programs in SAP?
Ans CONVERSION: Legacy system to flat file.
INTERFACE: Flat file to SAP system.
170) Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
Ans SAP supplied BDC programs
RM06BBI0 (Purchase Requisitions)
RMDATIND (Material Master)
RFBIKR00 (Vendor Masters)
RFBIDE00 (Customer Master)
RVINVB00 (Sales Order)
171) What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to
write your own programs to load master data? Why?
Ans
Þ Identify relevant fields
Þ Maintain transfer structure ( Predefined – first one is always session record)
Þ Session record structure, Header Data, Item ( STYPE – record type )

Þ Fields in session structure – STYPE, GROUP , MANDT, USERNAME , NO DATA
Þ Fields in header structure – consists of transaction code also – STYPE, BMM00, TCODE,
MATNR and Fields in Item - ITEMS …
Þ Maintain transfer file – sample data set creation
172) What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
Ans To read data from a database tables we use logical database.
A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.
Advantages: - The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table. Because
Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other, and can issue the SELECT
command with proper where clause to retrieve the data.
1) An easy-to-use standard user interface.
2) Check functions, which check that user input is complete, correct, and plausible.
3) Meaningful data selection.
4) Central authorization checks for database accesses.
5) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the
application logic.
6) No need of programming for retrieval, meaning for data selection
Disadvantages: -
1) If you do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur.
2) There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the
next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
3) Fast in case of lesser no. of tables But if the table is in the lowest level of hierarchy, all upper
level tables should be read so performance is slower.
173) What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?
Ans AT LINE-SELECTION
AT USER-COMMAND

AT PF.
174) What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?
Ans
175) What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?
Ans Advantages: No programming knowledge is required.
Disadvantages: Depending on the complexity of the database tables, it may not be easy for the
user to select the necessary data correctly.
176) What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP query work in relation to
these?
Ans Functional Areas - By creating functional areas, we can initially select this data. This
ensures that the data is presented to the ABAP Query user in a meaningful way to accomplish the
task, and that only the data that the user may use is presented.
User Groups – A user group is a collection of users that work with about the same data and carry
out similar tasks. The members of a user group can use all programs (queries) created by any
user of the group. Changes to such a program are at once visible to all users. This ensures that all
members of a user group use the same evaluation programs.
ABAP Query: It consists of three components – queries, functional areas and user groups. The
functional areas provide the user with an initial set of data in accordance with the task to be
accomplished. All users must be members of at least one user group. All members of one user
group can access the same data as well as the same program (queries) to create lists.
177) Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?
Ans No, it is not must to use LDB. Apart from it, we have other options:
1) Table join by Basis Table
2) Direct Read of table
3) Data Retrieval by Program
178) What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
Ans BDCDATA
179) What are Change header and detail tables? Have you used them?

Ans
180) What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?
Ans We will look into the error log file (SM35). Check number of records already updated and
delete them from input file and run BDC again.
181) What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
Ans We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session,
we analyze the session to determine which screen and value produced the error. For small errors
in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated
the session or many times even the data file.
182) How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the events
driven batch jobs?
Ans Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps
(JOB SCHEDULING)
183) Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?
Ans
184) What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that?
Ans
185) Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
Ans Yes.
186) What is a currency factoring technique?
Ans
187) How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu
option?
Ans
188) What is SAP Script and layout set?

Ans The tool, which is used to create layout set is called SAP Script. Layout set is a design,
appearance and structure of document.
189) What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?
Ans Control Commands, System Commands
190) What is output determination?
Ans
191) What is the field length of Packed Number? What is the default decimal of packed
number?
Ans
192) What are the different types of data types?
Ans There are three types of data types:
Data Types
Elementary Complex References
Fixed Variable Structure Table Data Object
Variable
193) What is the syntax of Packed Number?
Ans Data : NUM type P decimals 2.
194) What are different types of attributes of Function Module?
Ans There are 6 attributes of FM:
1. Import
2. Export
3. Table
4. Changing
5. Source

6. Exception
195) List of Screen elements.
Ans There are 13 screen elements:
i. Input / output fields
ii. Text fields
iii. Checkbox
iv. Radio button
v. Push Button
vi. Drop down list
vii. Subscreen
viii. Table control
ix. Tabstrip control
x. Custom control
xi. Box
xii. Status icons
xiii. OK_CODE fields
196) How many default Tab Strips are there? How to insert more Tabs in it?
Ans There 2 default Tab strips. Screen painter attributes contain Tab Title, which is used to insert
more tabs in tab strip.
197) How to define Selection Screen?
Ans There are 3 ways of defining selection screen:
1. Parameters
2. Select-options
3. Selection-Screen

198) What are the properties of Selection Screen?
Ans There are 11 properties of selection screen:
1) Default
2) Memory ID
3) Lowercase
4) Visible length
5) Obligatory
6) Matchcode
7) Check
Checkbox
9) Radiobutton Group
10) No-display
11) Modif ID
199) What are the components of Selection Table?
Ans There are four components of selection table:
Low, High, Sign, Options
200) How to display or know if the value entered contains records or not?
Ans SY-SUBRC
201) What are the sequences of event block?
Ans
i. Reports
ii. Nodes
iii. Data

iv. Initialization
v. At selection-screen
vi. Start-of-selection
vii. Get deptt
viii. Get emp
ix. Get deptt late
x. End-of-selection
xi. Form
xii. Endform
202) What are types of Select statements?
Ans SELECT SINGLE … WHERE …
SELECT [DISTINCT] … WHERE …
SELECT
* …
203) What are DML commands?
Ans Select, Insert, Delete, Modify, Update.
204) What is Asynchronous and Synchronous Update?
Ans Asynchronous Update – The program does not wait for the work process to finish the
update. Commit Work.
Synchronous Update – The program wait for the work process to finish the update.
Commit Work and Wait.
205) Write syntax for Message Error (Report)?
Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB

WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.
ENDSELECT.
If SY-DBCNT = 0.
MESSAGE E000 WITH ‗NO RECORDS FOUND‘.
ENDIF.
206) How to see the list of all created session?
Ans There are two method to see all sessions:
1) SHDB (Recording)
2) Write code in SE38 then save, check errors activate and execute it.
System
Service
Batch input
Session
207) What are the function module in BDC?
Ans There are three function module in BDC:
1) BDC_OPEN_GROUP
2) BDC_INSERT
3) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
208) Write the steps to execute session method.
Ans Steps for execution Session Method:
1) System
2) Service
3) Batch Input

4) Session
5) Choose Session Name
6) Process
7) Asks for Mode (Display All Screen, Display Errors & Background)
Process
209) What are the different types of mode (run code) in Call Transaction method?
Ans There are three modes in Call Transaction:
A – Displays All Screen
E – Display Errors
N – Background Processing
210) Write the transaction code of Customer Master Data, Pricing, Inquiry, Quotation and Sales
Order.
Ans Customer Master Data - XD01
Pricing -
Inquiry - VA11
Quotation - VA21
Sales Order - VA01
- MM01
211) What are the fields of Sales Order?
Ans Transaction Code of Sales Order: VA01
Table of Sales Order: VBAK
Order Type - AUART
Sales Org – VKORG
Dist Channel – VTWEG

Division – SPART
Sales Office - VKBUR
Sales Group - VKGRP
212) What are different types of screen keywords?
Ans There are four types of screen keywords: Module, Loop, Chain and Field.
213) Write special commands of List.
Ans There are four specials commands of lists: Write, Uline, Skip and New-Page
214) Write the following in different manner.
IF ( A GE B ) AND ( A LE C)
Ans IF A BETWEEN B AND C
215) What are the different types of ABAP statements?
Ans There are six types of ABAP statements:
1) Declarative - Types, Data, Tables
2) Modularization - Event Keywords and Defining Keywords
3) Control - If…Else, While, Case
4) Call - Perform, Call, Set User Command, Submit, Leave to
5) Operational - Write, Add, Move
6) Database - Open SQL & Native SQL
216) How data is stored in cluster table?
Ans Each field of cluster table behaves as tables, which contains the number of entries.
217) What are client dependant objects in ABAP / SAP?
Ans SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.
218) On which event we can validate the input fields in module programs?

Ans In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of
fields put in chain and End chain statement.)
219) In selection screen, I have three fields, plant material number and material group. If I input
plant how do I get the material number and material group based on plant dynamically?
Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.
CALL FUNCTION ‗F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST‘
to get material and material group for the plant.
220) How do you get output from IDOC?
Ans Data in IDOC is stored in segments; the output from IDOC is obtained by reading the data
stored in its respective segments.
221) When top of the page event is triggered?
Ans After executing first write statement in start-of-selection event.
222) Can we create field without data element and how?
Ans In SE11, one option is available above the fields strip i.e. Data element / direct type.
223) Fields of VBAK Table.
Ans VBAK – Sales Document : Header Data
Details about Sales Organization, Distribution Channel, Division, Sales Group, Sales Office,
Business Area, Outline Agreements, etc
224) Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program.
Ans Transaction Code AL21.
225) How can I copy a standard table to make my own Z_TABLE?
Ans Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the
name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z_table name and press enter.
226) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?
Ans It checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to SE30. If you give
desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how
much fast is your program.

227) What is meant by performance analysis?
Ans
228) How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects?
Ans
229) How did you test the developed objects?
Ans There are two types of testing
- Negative testing
- Positive testing
In negative testing, we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs.
In positive testing, we will give positive data in input for checking errors.
230) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction?
Ans We can create an internal table like ‗bsgmcgcoll‘. All the messages will go to internal table.
We can get errors in this internal table.
Below messages are go to internal table. When you run the call transaction.
1) TCODE
2) Message Type
3) Message Id
4) Message Number
5) MSGV1
6) MSGV2
7) MSGV3
MSGV4
CALL TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA MODE A/N/E.
UPDATE MODE A/S MESSAGE INTO BDCDATA.

THEN PUT LOOP…ENDLOOP OF BDCMSGCOLL
CALL FUNCTION ‗FORMAT_WRITE‘
EXPORT = SYSTEM FIELD
IMPORT = MSG TEXT ERROR
231) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?
Ans Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real
time…because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any
errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct.
232) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports?
Ans ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double
click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through
layers of information about individual items in a list.
Drill down report is nothing but interactive report…drilldown means above paragraph only.
233) How to pass the variables to forms?
Ans
234) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms?
Ans Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We can
scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary).
235) What are Standard Texts?
Ans
236) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables?
Ans A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled
tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined.
Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined.
Cluster table can be used to store control data. They can also used to store temporary data or text
such as documentation.
237) What is PF-STATUS?

Ans PF-Status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to SE41, we
can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in
interactive report.
238) Among ―Move‖ and ―Move Corresponding‖, which is efficient one?
Ans I guess, ‗move corresponding‘ is very efficient then ‗move‘ statement. Because usually we
use this statement for internal table fields only…so if we give move corresponding. Those fields
only moving to other place (what ever you want).
239) What are the Output Type, Transaction codes, Page Format?
Ans
240) Where we use Chain and End chain?
Ans In Screen Programming
241) Do you use select statement in loop…end loop, how will be the performance? To improve
the performance?
Ans
242) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by
default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004
Ans
243) What are IDOCs?
Ans IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container.
244) What are screen painter? Menu painter? Gui status? ..etc.
Ans dynpro - flow logic + screens.
menu painter -
GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements (title bar, menu bar, standard tool bar, push
buttons) used for a certain screen.
The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction.
245) What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.
Ans The control statements that control the screen flow.

PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed.
PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks
the pushbutton.
246) Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?
Ans Create program-SE93-create transaction code -Run it from command field.
Create the transaction using object browser (SE80)
Define the objects e.g. screen, Transactions. – Modules – PBO, PAI.
247) Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on?
What is the other type of screen painter called?
Ans Yes.
Operating System – Windows based
Screen Painter – Alpha numeric Screen Painter
248) What are step loops? How do you program page down page up in step loops?
Ans Step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen.
Step loops: Method of displaying a set of records.
Page down & Page up: decrement / increment base counter
Index = base + sy-step1 – 1
249) Is ABAP a GUI language?
Ans Yes, ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE.
250) Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written?
What is the XXXXXTOP program?
Ans Main program with A Includes
1. TOP INCLUDE – GLOBAL DATA
2. Include for PBO
3. Include for PAI
4. Include for Forms

251) What are the include programs?
Ans When the same sequence of statements in several programs is to be written repeatedly. They
are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in ABAP/4 programs.
252) Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?
Ans Yes, only external subroutines Using ‗SUBMIT‘ statement.
253) What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precautions are needed?
Ans User defined functionality included to predefined SAP standards. Point in an SAP program
where a customer‘s own program can be called. In contrast to customer exits, user exits allow
developers to access and modify program components and data objects in the standard system.
On upgrade, each user exit must be checked to ensure that it conforms to the standard system.
There are two types of user exit:
1. User exits that use INCLUDEs - These are customer enhancements that are called directly in
the program.
2. User exits that use TABLEs - These are used and managed using Customizing. Should find the
customer enhancements belonging to particular development class.
254) What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?
Ans
255) What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?
Ans Should start with Y or Z.
256) How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requirements?
Ans SLDB-F4.
257) How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he
uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures?
Ans Transaction code is entered in command field to open the table – Utilities –
Table contents display.
258) How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?
Ans

259) What are the different modules of SAP?
Ans FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, HR.
260) How do you get help in ABAP?
Ans HELP-SAP LIBRARY, by pressing F1 on a keyword.
261) What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?
Ans
262) What are the different elements in layout sets?
Ans PAGES, Page windows, Header, Paragraph, Character String, Windows.
263) Can you use if then else, perform..etc statements in sap script?
Ans Yes.
264) What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?
Ans
265) How do you number pages in SAP Script layout outputs?
Ans & page & &next Page &
266) What takes most time in SAP script programming?
Ans LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.
267) How do you use tab sets in layout sets?
Ans Define paragraph with defined tabs.
268) How do you backup SAP Script layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?
Ans SAP script backup :- In transaction SE71 goto Utilities -> Copy from client -> Give source
form name, source client (000 default), Target form name.
Download :- SE71, type form name -> Display -> Utilities -> form info -> List -> Save to PC
file.
Upload :- Create form with page, window, page window with the help of downloaded PC file.
Text elements for Page windows to be copied from PC file.

269) What are presentation and application servers in SAP?
Ans The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the
message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The
application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with
each other, using the message server.
270) In an ABAP/4 program, how do you access data that exists on Presentation Server vs on an
Application Server?
Ans Using loop statements and Flat
271) What are different data types in ABAP/4?
Ans
Elementary -
Predefined: C, D, F, I, N, P, T, X.
User defined: TYPES.
Structured -
Predefined: TABLES.
User defined: Field Strings and internal tables.
272) What is difference between session method and Call Transaction?
Ans Call Transaction –
1. Single transaction
2. Synchronous processing
3. Asynchronous and Synchronous update
4. No session log is created
5. Faster
Session –
1. Multiple Transaction
2. Asynchronous processing

3. Synchronous update
4. Session log is created
5. Slower
273) Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?
Ans
274) What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session.
Ans Fields converted into character type.
275) What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
Ans BDCDATA (standard structure).
276) What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table.
Ans PROGRAM, DYNPRO, DYNBEGIN, FNAM, FVAL.
277) What do you define in the domain and data element.
Ans Domain - Technical details are defined in Domain like data type, number of decimal places
and length.
Data Element – Functionality details are defined in Data elements – Field Text, Column
Captions, Parameters ID, and Online Field Documentation.
278) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored
at the database level.
Ans Pool tables are a logical representation of transparent tables. Hence no existence at database
level.
Where as transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level.
Pool Table -
4) Many to One Relationship.
5) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have
the different name as in the R3 Table definition.
6) It can hold only pooled tables.
Transparent Table –

4) One to One relationship.
5) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the
same name as in the R3 Table definition.
6) It can hold Application data.
279) What is cardinality?
Ans For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and
Ztest2 tables. M:N Cardinality specifies the number of dependent(Target) and independent
(source) entities which can be in a relationship.
280) For Sales Document: Item Data, which table is used?
Ans VBAP – Sales Document, Sales Document Item, Material Number, Material Entered, Batch
Number, Material Group, Target Quantity in Sales Document.
281) What are the types of tables?
Ans
1) Transparent table 5) Pool table
2) Cluster table are data dictionary table objects 6) Sorted table
3) Indexed table 7) Hash table
4) Internal tables.
282) What are pooled table?
Ans Table pools (pools) and table clusters (clusters) are special table types in the ABAP
Dictionary. The data from several different tables can be stored together in a table pool or table
cluster. Tables assigned to a table pool or table cluster are referred to as pooled tables or cluster
tables.
A table in the database in which all records from the pooled tables assigned to the table pool are
stored corresponds to a table pool. The definition of a pool consists essentially of two key fields
(Tabname and Varkey) and a long argument field (Vardata).
Table Clusters Several logical data records from different cluster tables can be stored together in
one physical record in a table cluster.
A cluster key consists of a series of freely definable key fields and a field (Pageno) for
distinguishing continuation records. A cluster also contains a long field (Vardata) that contains

the contents of the data fields of the cluster tables for this key. If the data does not fit into the
long field, continuation records are created. Control information on the structure of the data
string is still written at the beginning of the Vardata field.
283) What are Hashed Tables?
Ans Hashed tables - This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is
key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access
remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables
always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal
table, which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
SAMPLE PROG: THIS DOES NOTHING.
REPORT Z_1 .
TABLES: MARA.
DATA: I TYPE HASHED TABLE OF MARA WITH UNIQUE KEY MATNR
284) How did you test the form u developed? How did you take the print of it?
Ans
285) How many maximum number of fields can be there in a table?
Ans
286) How many primary keys can be there in a table?
Ans
287) What are the steps to perform Performance Tuning? What will you do increase the
performance of your system?
Ans
288) What is mandatory in Screen Painter?
Ans
289) If u are entering large amount of data, and system fails, then how many records will be
entered or no records or half records will be entered?
Ans

290) In Screen Painter, if two fields are mandatory and user do not want to enter anything but he
wants to come out of the screen, then what will he do?
Ans
291) What is At-Exit and User-Exit?
Ans
292) How will you find the standard tables, you only know there names like Customer Master
Table?
Ans
293) How will change Development Class?
Ans
294) How will you call both Function Module and Function Group?
Ans
295) What is ALV?
Ans
296) What is Chain-Field & Chain-Loop?
Ans
297) What is Value-Ranges?
Ans
298) How will you provide help for value request particular fields?
Ans
299) How will you find relationship between two or more tables?
Ans
300) In BDC‘s, if you forget to write one field, then how will you modify that field in your BDC
program?
Ans

301) Detail concept of Transport Organizer.
Ans
302) Which is slower ―Select *‖ and ―Select field1,field2‖?
Ans
303) What are the errors in ―Call Transaction‖?
Ans
304) What is QA and production?
Ans
305) How will you display only 10 lines in Report?
Ans
306) In BDC, if out of 10 records, 7 are successful and there are 3 records with some missing
fields, how will you modify those fields?
Ans
307) How will you set breakpoint to 100 messages?
Ans
308) How will you set Reports to Background job?
Ans
309) Name the tables, which is used to see all the transaction available.
Ans See tables, TSTC and TSTCT for all the transaction available
310) List of SAP supplied Programs.
Ans
Details (5) Program
Purchase Requisitions RM06BB10
Material Master RMDATIND
Vendor Master RFBIKR00

Customer Master RFBIDE00
Sales Order RVINVB00
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Logo RSTXLDMC
Debug RSTXDBUG
Upload / Download (Import / Export) RSTXSCRP
Convert Page Format RSTXFCON
Text File Inconsistent RSTXCHK0
Copy Table Across Client RSCLTCOP
Transfer Scripts Files Across System (Not Clients) RSTXSCRP
Comparing The Contents Of A Table RSTBSERV
Change The Development Class RSWBO052
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Submit A BDC Job With An Internal Batch Number RSBDCBTC
Release Batch Input Sessions RSBDCSUB
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Table Adjustment Across Clients RSAVGL00
Extended Program List RSINCL00
Get The Oracle Release RSORAREL
Display All Instance Parameters RSPARAM
Substitution / Validation Utility RSUGBR00
Check Passwords Of Users SAP And DDIC In All Clients RSUSR003
Last Users Last Login RSUSR006
311) How to schedule a Report in background? what is the use of background job please explain
about it?
Ans There are 3 ways to schedule in background:
SM36
SE38
SA38
The easiest of the three is SA38.

Why background? In foreground jobs are only allowed a certain amount of runtime. Long
running jobs usually times out in foreground, and have to be run background. Some customers
has day-end jobs to fill custom tables, and these only run late at night, so they are scheduled as
background jobs as well. There may be any of a hundred reasons why you want a job to run in
background instead of foreground, and these are only 2 of them.

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