The document discusses cubic graphs in mathematics, specifically those represented by equations of the form y = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d. It details how varying the coefficients a, b, c, and the y-intercept d affects the shape and position of the graph, including the behavior of the graph as coefficients are increased or decreased. The discussion includes observations on how the graph's formation changes, particularly with respect to amplitude and wave patterns influenced by these coefficients.