Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists
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This document discusses open source software use at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). It provides context on DLR, including that it employs over 8,000 people across multiple institutes and sites. DLR develops a significant amount of software, with over 1,500 software developers, and uses many different programming languages and licenses. The document outlines challenges with DLR's diverse software development practices and lack of oversight. It then describes measures DLR has implemented to address these challenges, such as training on open source licensing, maintaining wikis with knowledge resources, and providing consulting support to help staff navigate open source issues.
Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists
- 1. Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists Andreas Schreiber, Carina Haupt German Aerospace Center (DLR) Intelligent and Distributed Systems Dept. Cologne, Berlin FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit 2017 > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 1
- 2. Introduction > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 2 Co-Founder Data Scientist Patient Simulation and Software Technology, Cologne/Berlin Head of Intelligent and Distributed Systems department Institute of Data Science, Jena Head of Secure Software Engineering group
- 3. DLR German Aerospace Center • Research Institution • Space Agency • Project Management Agency > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 3 Credit: Nonwarit/Fotolia
- 4. Locations and employees Approx. 8000 employees across 40 institutes and facilities at 20 sites. Offices in Brussels, Paris, Tokyo and Washington. > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 4
- 5. > FrOSCon 12 > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Wissenschaft & Open Source – It's Complicated > 20.08.2017DLR.de • Folie 5 „Free as in ‘freedom’, not as in ‘free beer’“ Free and Open Source Software FOSDEM 2016, Brüssel
- 6. Software at DLR > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 6 ΠCOM ηCOM Power Equation LP Spool Power Equ. HP Sp. HPT Cooling ΠCOM ηCOM Power Equation LP Spool Power Equ. HP Sp. HPT Cooling -2000 0 2000 -500 0 2000 4000 6000
- 7. Software Development at DLR Some numbers… • More than 1500 employees develop software • More than 150 Mio EUR personnel costs per year for software development • DLR is one of the biggest „software company“ in Germany > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 7
- 8. Software Development at DLR Characteristics • „Developer“ often do not have any training in software development • Huge amount of software projects • Variety of used software technologies > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 8
- 9. Software Development at DLR Variety • Many different software technologies used • For example, more than 30 programming languages • Open Source Software as well as proprietary software • Many different licenses • Huge number of software projects • Overview about existing projects is hardnot possible > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 9
- 10. Examples for Open-Source-Software from DLR Development and usage together with external partners > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 10 RCE • Remote Component Environment • rcenvironment.de SUMO • Simulation of Urban Mobility • www.sumo.dlr.de ESMValTool • Earth System Model eValuation Tool • www.esmvaltool.org
- 11. Domain Knowledge > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 11 ΠCOM ηCOM Power Equation LP Spool Power Equ. HP Sp. HPT Cooling ΠCOM ηCOM Power Equation LP Spool Power Equ. HP Sp. HPT Cooling -2000 0 2000 -500 0 2000 4000 6000
- 12. Knowledge represented in Software > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 12
- 13. Collaboration and Cooperation > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 13
- 14. Distributed Design Processes > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 14
- 15. Concurrent Engineering > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 15
- 16. Results > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 16
- 17. Open Source at DLR > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 17
- 18. Problems of the Past • Software with license issues was published • License compatibility of used software was not fulfilled • Colleagues did not know which open source license would suit best • Colleagues did not know which requirements for the source code had to be fulfilled > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 18
- 19. Warnings and Tips for Open Source (2012) > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 19
- 20. Developer vs. Licenses Results of a recent study: “… we conducted a survey that posed development scenarios involving three popular open source licenses (GNU GPL 3.0, GNU LGPL 3.0 and MPL 2.0) both alone and in combination. The 375 respondents to the survey, who were largely developers, gave answers consistent with those of a legal expert's opinion in 62% of 42 cases. Although developers clearly understood cases involving one license, they struggled when multiple licenses were involved.” > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 20 Daniel A. Almeida, Gail C. Murphy, Greg Wilson, and Mike Hoye. 2017. Do software developers understand open source licenses?. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC '17). IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPC.2017.7
- 21. Measures at DLR Information and trainings • Training on licenses • Brochure Knowledge exchange • Wikis • Knowledge-Exchange-Workshops Consulting and support • Recommended licenses • Support > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 21
- 22. Information and Trainings > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 22
- 23. Training on Open Source Licensing „Legal aspects of open source usage“ • Official and regular training in the DLR education program • Every DLR employee can participate • Short training (currently about 4 hours) • Run by two persons • Legal expert of DLR technology marketing (Dep. licenses and patents) • Software engineer of DLR facility simulation- and software technology > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 23 Introduction to open source Legal basics Open source software Selected open source licenses Usage of open source software
- 24. Training „Legal aspects of open source usage“ > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 24 Introduction to Open Source Legal Basics Open Source Software Selected Open- Source Licenses Usage of Open Source Software • Open Source and Free Software • Philosophy of Open Source • Open Source at DLR • Copyright • Liability • Warranty • Contract law • Ownership • Software licenses • • Definition of “Open Source“ • Types of Open Source licenses • Copyleft • GPL, AGPL, LGPL • Eclipse Public License • BSD License • Apache License • Artistic License • Individuality of software • OSS in own projects • License compatibility • Development of OSS • Distribution of OSS
- 25. Training Participants > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 25 Year Participants DLR Site 2012 32 Oberpfaffenhofen 2013 23 Berlin, Köln 2014 12 Stuttgart 2015 9 Berlin 2016 14 Köln
- 26. > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 26 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% No prior knowledge Limited prior knowledge Some prior knowledge Lots of prior knowledge Self-assessmentofpriorknowledge(%) Categories of prior knowledge Prior Knowledge in Open Source Licensing
- 27. Expectations of Participants Query of expectations bevor the training (extract) • To learn which aspects have to be taken in account in a project • Get an overview over open source license models • Learn how to use open source software in closed source projects • Get to know examples from within DLR • Learn the legal basics • To learn and understand personal consequences for license violations > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 27
- 28. > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 28 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 1 2 3 4 5 6 Percentageofparticipants(%) Grade (1 = best, 6 = worst) Ratings of Open Source Trainings Fulfillment of Expectations Expected Benefit
- 29. Open Source Brochure Information about legal basics • Basics about open source license law • Developed by a law firm • Funded and published by DLR Technology Marketing > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 29
- 30. Open Source Brochure – Content Two main chapters • Distribution of unmodified code • Distribution of modified code In both chapters: Lists of all liabilities for licenses, which are widely used at DLR • BSD, Apache, GPL, MIT, … Licenses • with strong copyleft • with weak copyleft • without copyleft • with special rights > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 30
- 31. Open Source Brochure Practical Information > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 31 Checklisten Infoboxen
- 32. Open Source Brochure Help for Decisions > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 32 Entscheidungs- baum
- 33. Knowledge Exchange > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 33
- 34. Wikis • Originally, we had many different Wiki installations at DLR • Since 2013, one central DLR.Wiki based on Atlassian Confluence • Wikis for • Software Engineering • Events • … > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 34
- 35. DLR.Open Wiki About everything open related Categories • Topics • Tools • Literature • Q&A • Events Most information may also be found in the web, but also DLR specific information Single-Point-of-Information at DLR > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 35
- 36. KnowledgeExchangeWorkshops WissensAustauschWorkshops (WAWs) Workshops for knowledge exchange between DLR employees (peer-to-peer) We have KnowledgeExchangeWorkshops for many topics • Software Engineering • Visualization of huge data sets • Autonomous flying • Photonic systems • DLR.Open (incl. Open Source) > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 36
- 37. KnowledgeExchangeWorkshops Open to any DLR employee • Up to 60 participants Interactive program • Short impulse lectures • Personal introduction • Lightning talks • Discussions / working in small groups > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 37
- 38. > FrOSCon 12 > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Wissenschaft & Open Source – It's Complicated > 20.08.2017DLR.de • Folie 38 Foto
- 39. > FrOSCon 12 > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Wissenschaft & Open Source – It's Complicated > 20.08.2017DLR.de • Folie 39
- 40. > FrOSCon 12 > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Wissenschaft & Open Source – It's Complicated > 20.08.2017DLR.de • Folie 40
- 41. > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 41 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Networking Open Source Process Legal information Exchange knowledge Visibility Specific actions Repl. of prop. Software Expectations on Topics Expected Topics (%) Degree of fulfillment (%)
- 42. Lessons Learned from the KnowledgeExchangeWorkshops General findings • Open source software is already widely spread at DLR • Open source software mainly is used in the form of open tools and libraries • Own research software still mainly closed source • Eager interest to publish own software Critic of Open Source • Missing opportunity to earn money • Community build up is resources consuming • Additional burden of time is demotivating General DLR process to handle open source is missing > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 42
- 43. Consulting and Support > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 43
- 44. Help on Licensing Issues Individual help and support • General license questions, property rights DLR technology marketing • Legal support for copyright or further legal questions DLR legal department • License compatibility, license selection, development DLR simulation and software technology Email as central point of contact opensource@dlr.de > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 44 Typical Topics • Criteria for choosing an Open-Source- Software • Best-Practices for own Open Source projects • Migration from commercial and proprietary software to Open Source software
- 45. Recommended Licenses Default licenses, approved by DLRs legal department • Simplified BSD License • Apache License 2.0 • Eclipse Public License 1.0 DLR will not develop its own Open Source license • In contrast to related organizations (NASA, ESA, …) > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 45
- 46. Wiki Q&A section of the DLR.Open wiki > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 46
- 47. Key Messages Our approach at DLR is based on 1. First offer targeted information to the employees 2. Afterwards provide time and space for peer to peer discussions and knowledge exchange 3. Only afterwards rely on a formal process and directions given „from above“ Feedback • Positive evaluation of current actions • Tips, hints and specific action items for further steps Our approach is copied by others (Helmholtz-Community etc.) > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 47
- 48. > FOSS Backstage Micro-Summit > A. Schreiber, C. Haupt • Open Source Licensing for Rocket Scientists > 20.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 48 Thank You! Questions? Andreas Schreiber (@onyame) Head of Department Andreas.Schreiber@dlr.de Carina Haupt (@caha42) Head of Software Engineering Group Carina.Haupt@dlr.de DLR Intelligent and Distributed Systems http://www.DLR.de/sc/ivs