010 summary of_processes
- 1. PVT PROCESS RELATIONSHIP WNF WSF Q U H S Constant Pressure Isobaric Process (P=C) n=0 V1 T1 WNF = PV T2 = U = mCv( T) H = mCp( T) S = mCp ln = mR( T) WSF = 0 Q= H T1 ILLUSTRATION: V2 T2 Piston Cylinder V2 Assembly Spring = mCp ln Loaded V1 T2 Constant Volume S = mCv ln Isochoric Process P1 T1 T1 Isometric Process = WNF = 0 WSF = - Wf Q= U (V=C) T2 U = mCv( T) H = mCp( T) P2 n= P2 = mCv ln 8 = V(P1 - P2) P1 ILLUSTRATION: Rigid Container Constant Temperature Isothermal Process P1 V2 WNF = c ln (T=C) P2 S = mR ln n=1 P1 V2 WSF = Q Q = WNF V1 = U=0 H=0 P2 V1 P1 ILLUSTRATION: c = PV = mR ln Piston Cylinder P2 Assembly Perfectly Cooled Isentropic Process Reversible Adiabatic k-1 Process T2 P2 k (PVk=C) = (S=C, Q=0) T1 P1 WNF = - U WSF = - H Q=0 U = mCv( T) H = mCp( T) S=0 k=1.4 (if not given) k-1 ILLUSTRATION: V1 Piston Cylinder = Assembly Perfectly V2 Insulated n-1 Special Polytropic Process (PVn = C) T2 P2 n P2V2 - P1V1 T2 1 < n < 1.4 = WNF = WSF = n (WNF) Q = mCn T U = mCv( T) H = mCp( T) S = mCn ln = mCn ln T1 P1 1-n T1 ILLUSTRATION: n-1 Piston Cylinder V1 Cn = Cv k - n Assembly Air Cooled = 1-n V2 “Be ashamed to die until you have done something for humanity.”
- 2. PROCESS CURVES on Pv and Ts Planes P T -WNF Q n=k WNF = 0 n= 8 -WNF n= Q=0 8 1<n<k n=k Q -WNF n=0 n=1 -Q 1<n<k -WNF WNF Q n=0 n=0 -Q n=1 n=1 WNF Q n=1 1<n<k WNF -Q 1<n<k n=0 WNF -Q n=k WNF = 0 n= 8 n= Q=0 8 n=k v S “Great leaders are never satisfied with current level of performance. They constantly strive higher levels of achievement.”