lecture1.ppt

COURSE OUTLINE
 Definition, types of information systems, requirements
 Systems Development life cycle (SDLC): Historical Perspective,
traditional SDLC, Potential Strengths and weaknesses of Traditional
SDLC
 Information systems Development: the system approach, strategic
information system, Business process re-engineering , planning
approaches, process modeling, data modeling, object oriented systems
development, prototyping, Software engineering and formal methods,
expert systems
 Delivery strategy: Use PowerPoint presentations/report, Give made,
Students can analyze some systems in the faculty or in some
organizations practical assignment in groups, Groups to present and
discussion and question in town e.g. Navrongo health research ,
hospitals etc., Students may develop a prototype of some systems in the
university or any organisation

Management information system, or
MIS, broadly refers to a computer-
based system that provides managers
with the tools to organize, evaluate and
efficiently manage departments within
an organization.

Recommended Books:
 Haag, S., Cummings, M., and McCubbrey, (2004)
Management Information Systems for the Information Age.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
 Oz, E., (2004) Management Information Systems.
America:Pennsylvania State University.

Essential Books
 K., C., Laudon and J., P., Laudon (2007), ‘10th edn’,
Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital
Economy. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
 Turban et al (2008) ‘6th edn’ Information Technology for
management Transforming Organisations in the Digital
Economy. River Street: Quebecor World.

LECTURE 1:
Lecture Objectives
 At the end of this lecture students should be able :
 To explain why information systems are of such
importance to businesses of today.
 To explain how data is processed into useful
information for decision making.

Lecture objectives cont:
 Explain the components of management
information systems.
 Describe the stages of processing information
 Explain the role of information systems in
functional business areas

Lecture objectives cont:
 Explain the differences between, data, information
and systems.
 Discuss the role of information systems in
business sectors.
 Explain the role of information systems in business
transformation.

What is data?
 Data are streams of raw facts representing events
happening in an organisation.
 They are the raw materials for information
production.
 Data may be made up of numbers, words, and
images.
 These collections of facts are mainly for decision
making

Definition of information
 Information :on the other hand is data that has
been processed into a meaningful and useful form
in a context for a decision making.
 It is a manipulated data that leads to greater
understanding of a situation.
 Information is knowledge obtained from a study,
experience or instructions.

Characteristics of useful information:
 information should pertain to the problem at
hand(Relevant)
 Information shouldn’t be partially
presented(Should be Complete)
 Information shouldn’t be erroneous (Accuracy)

Characteristics of useful information:
 Decision should base on the latest information.
Fact changes from time to time (Timely)
 Information ought to be obtained economically,
especially in business(Cost Effective)

Understanding Systems:
 A system is a collection of components that work
together to achieve a common goal.
 A system accepts Inputs, process it and produce an
output.

Information system:
 Hence information system is all components
that work together to process and produce
information.
 In an organisation, an information system consists
of data, hardware, software, networks, people, and
procedures.

Components of Information systems:
 Data: Inputs
 Hardware: Computer(motherboard &processor)
and its peripheral equipment: input, output, and
storage devices
 Software: Set of instructions for computers as to
how to input data, how to process, how to display
and store information

 Telecommunication(Networks): Hardware and
software that ensures transmission and reception
of numbers, text, pictures, sound, and animation
in the form of electronic data

 People: Information experts and users, in charge
of analysing organisational information
requirements, design and construct information
systems.
 The people are also involved in writing computer
programmes, operate the hardware and maintain
the software

Components of Information systems
 Procedures: Rules and regulations with regard to
optimal and secure operation in processing data.

The stages of Data processing:
 Input and transaction recordings: Entering
data into the Information system:
 Processing of data: Changing and manipulation
stage.
 Display of information: visual display of
information

The stages of Data processing:
 Storage : information transferred to magnetic and
optical discs and tapes

Information systems in business transformation:
 Essential Business Tools:
 Cell phones
 email
 online conferencing
 international conferencing over the internet
 Dot-com internet sites
 Zoom meeting

 Engine for globalise opportunities:
 International market on the web 24/7
 Google and eBay- reduction in operation cost
 Management of production worldwide

 Information systems aiding the emergence of
digital firms:
 Firms like Dell Computers and Cisco Systems are
near digital with the help of internet.

Management Information systems and Strategic
Business objects:
 Why information systems so important to
business?
 Information system has become the bedrock of
achieving strategic business objectives in recent
years.

Business objects:
 1) Ensures operational excellence:
 e.g. the retailLink system of Wal-Mart/ Asda
 2) Encourage development of new products,
services and new business models:
 E.g. In 2006, Spotify launched a free online music
service to rival freely available online music and
pirated music.

Business objects:
 3) It helps to build and maintain good Customer
and Supplier Relationship:
 A) Customer relationship E.g. A hotel tracking
customers’ preferences
 B) Supplier relationship: e.g. A pharmacy tracking
the quality of drugs supplied by manufacturing
firms.

Business objects:
 4) Improvement in decision making :
 E.g. Web-based digital dashboard to provide real
time information on customer
 5) Competitive advantage: e.g.. In 2009, WhatsApp
launches a free messaging App which rivalled the
traditional networks’ Short Message Service (SMS).

Business objectives:
 6) Survival : Citibank –ATM(1977), In 1977, the
chairman of Citibank took a huge risk, spending
more than $100 million to install ATMs all over
New York City. That investment paid off the
following January when a huge blizzard hit New
York, dumping 17 inches of snow on the city. Banks
were closed for days; meanwhile, ATM use
increased by 20 percent.
 Covid 19 is a recent example. A boast for online
business/teaching/banking.

Information systems in functional business
areas:
Human Resources :
 INPUT:
 Human resource planning
 PROCESSING:
 Recruiting and workforce management
 Compensation and benefits.
 OUTPUTS:
 Government reporting and labour relations
support

Information systems in functional business
areas:
 Accounting:
 Finance:
 Marketing:
 Try and search and read on this systems- inputs,
processing and output.

Information Systems in Business Sectors:
 Manufacturing: optimises productivity:
 E.g. inventory control system:
 Service: online reservation for airlines and ATM.
 Retailing: big stores operating as a single small
stores worldwide.

Information Systems in Business Sectors:
 Development of new business: Credit history
organisation, Comparison sites, Amazon.com,
eBay
 Government: Tax authorities having tax forms via
the web

CASE QUSTIONS:
 What external factors affect international
operations at UPS – United Parcel Service? How
do these factors cause UPS to adjust its
operations?
 Explain how International Shipments
Processing System (ISPS) facilitates the ability
of UPS to ship packages internationally.
 Describe the role that the Delivery Information
Acquisition Device (DIAD) plays in UPS
business processes.

CASE QUESTIONS
How important is information to the
global expansion of UPS? What
advantages does UPS gain by carefully
capturing information?
Discuss the role of volume in the
business activities of UPS.

lecture1.ppt

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