Genetic transformation in mango
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The document discusses the challenges and prospects of developing transgenic mango (Mangifera indica L.) in India, highlighting the importance of genetic engineering due to difficulties in conventional breeding methods. Key focus areas for genetic transformation include enhancing fruit shelf life, resistance to fungal diseases, salt tolerance, and altering tree architecture. The document suggests potential solutions like grafting transformed plantlets onto healthy rootstocks to overcome acclimatization issues.
![Publications
• Mishra M, Shree Y, Pati R, Chandra R et al. (2010).
Micropropagation of Mangifera indica L. cv. Kurakkan
through somatic embryogenesis. Indian Journal of Genetics
and Plant Breeding. 70(1): 85-90.
• Chandra R, Pati R and Mishra M (2010). Mango. In:
Advances in Horticultural Biotechnology Vol.-1
Regeneration Systems- Perennial Fruit Crops and Spices.
Eds., Singh HP, Parthasarathy VA and Nirmal Babu K.
Westville Publishing House, New Delhi, pp. 73-90. [ISBN-
978-11-85873-65-7].
• Acknowledgement: Maneesh Mishra and Ramesh Chandra](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/genetictransformationinmangocompatibilitymode-131011102219-phpapp02/85/Genetic-transformation-in-mango-10-320.jpg)
Genetic transformation in mango
- 1. Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India Rajesh Pati, PhD e-mail: rajeshpati777@gmail.com Progress and future prospects of developing transgenics in Mango
- 2. Introduction • Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the most important fruit crop of the world. India ranks first among world’s mango producing countries accounting for 57.18 % of the total world mango production of 19.22 million tones. • Conventional breeding in perinial crops is difficult and time consuming. • In vitro regeneration is required for incorporation of gene of interest in order to genetically modify mango. • With the development of rDNA technology, plant breeders have access to a large number of genes that can be integrated into the plant genome.
- 3. • A standard uniform protocol of regeneration is the prime and foremost prerequisite for development of transgenics in mango. • Over past three decades, several research groups have attempted to develop regeneration system in mango using nucellar embryogenesis, shoot tip and shoot bud culture techniques. • Unfortunately, none of them were successful because of the major hurdle in acclimatization and field establishment of micropropagated mango plantlets. This has become a long standing problem and challenge that makes genetic transformation and transgenics an imperative.
- 4. • The possibilities of genetic transformation are manipulation of genes for delayed fruit ripening, viz., ACC oxidase, ACC synthase, Polygalacturonase and expansin genes for enhanced shelf life. • Fungal resistance genes (chitinase, glucanase) to fungal diseases especially mango anthracnose and powdery mildew malformation. • Salt tolerance genes (glycine betaine, osmotin). • Pest resistant (fruit fly). • Alteration of tree architecture. • Alternate bearing. Possibilities of genetic transformation
- 5. CBA FED Different stages of somatic embryogenesis in mango Different stages of somatic embryogenesis in mango (Mangifera indica L). A-B Somatic embryo induction from nucellar tissues, C-Proliferation and development of globular embryos, D- conversion of SE into heart shaped, E- early cotyledonary stage, F- late cotyledonary shaped embryo. Cont…
- 6. G H I Different stages of somatic embryogenesis in mango Different stages of somatic embryogenesis in mango (Mangifera indica L). G- rooting and conversion into early stage of plants and H-rooted plants growing vigorously in liquid culture medium and I- plant in polyhouse during acclimatization.
- 7. Successful transformation in mango * Plantlets cannot be established in field condition. Cultivars Explants Gene Method Result References Keitte and Hindi Somatic embryos ACC synthase and ACC oxidase A.tumefacien s Plantlet formation* Mathews et al. 1993 Carabao and Kensington Pride Pro- embryonic masses ACC synthase and ACC oxidase Particle bombardme nt Plantlet* formation Cruz- Hernandez et al., 2000 Kent, Haden and Madame Francis Somatic embryos rolB A.rhizogenes Plantlet formation Marleny Chavarri et al., 2010
- 8. Future possibilities • Genetically transformed of mango is still not possible because of mortality of in vitro grown transformed plantlets during acclimatization due to malformed root system. One of the possible ways to bypass this problem is by grafting the in vitro grown transformed plantlets on healthy root-stocks. • Genetic transformation can play an important role in tackling the problem of delayed ripening in mango fruits. • Fungal resistance genes (chitinase, glucanase) can be attractive approach to control fungal diseases especially mango anthracnose, powdery mildew etc. • Genes such as glycine betaine and osmotin can be utilized for salt tolerance in mango.
- 9. • The rol genes offer great opportunities to manipulate plant architecture traits such as plant height, branching, leaf form and color, flowering, fruiting, and root system for the horticultural, agricultural and forestry industries. • Genetic transformation by using Agrobacterium rhizogenes can increase the chances of survival of in vitro grown plantlets. • Alternate bearing problem could be alleviated by introduction of flower-meristem-activity AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (AGL20), APETALA1 (AP1) and LEAFY (Blazquez and Weigel, 2000) genes from Arabidopsis.
- 10. Publications • Mishra M, Shree Y, Pati R, Chandra R et al. (2010). Micropropagation of Mangifera indica L. cv. Kurakkan through somatic embryogenesis. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 70(1): 85-90. • Chandra R, Pati R and Mishra M (2010). Mango. In: Advances in Horticultural Biotechnology Vol.-1 Regeneration Systems- Perennial Fruit Crops and Spices. Eds., Singh HP, Parthasarathy VA and Nirmal Babu K. Westville Publishing House, New Delhi, pp. 73-90. [ISBN- 978-11-85873-65-7]. • Acknowledgement: Maneesh Mishra and Ramesh Chandra
- 11. Thank you