Introduction to Node.js
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The document provides an introduction to Node.js, including what Node.js is and isn't, how to install it, writing a basic "Hello World" program, the Node.js workflow using callbacks, events and modules, and introducing the Node Package Manager (NPM) for accessing pre-existing packages to build websites and web services with Node.js.
Introduction to Node.js
- 1. Introduction to Node.js Please rate this talk: http://spkr8.com/t/19141 Monday, January 14, 13
- 2. Our Goals • What Node Isn't and Is • A Website • How to Install • A RESTful Web Service • Hello World - Node • Why Node Style • Resources • Node Workflow • Summary • Three Key Ideas • Introducing NPM Monday, January 14, 13
- 3. Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this talk are my own and don’t represent those of my employer, my friends, my family, or even me. Monday, January 14, 13
- 4. Who am I? I am a Microsoft Certified Solution Developer and I’ve been developing software since 1979. Since 2009, I have been focused on developing mobile applications, for iPhone, Android, the mobile web, and Windows Phone 7. Monday, January 14, 13
- 5. Who Are You? (I hope) • Experienced with JavaScript • Experience with some other server framework • Familiar with the Unix Tool Chain • Familiar with Git Monday, January 14, 13
- 6. What Node Isn't and Is? • What Node Isn't? • What Node Is? • How to Spell It? Monday, January 14, 13
- 7. What Node Isn't? Monday, January 14, 13
- 8. What Node Is? • The Official Answer • It is built on Google's V8 • The Server and the App Are One Monday, January 14, 13
- 9. The Official Answer • Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast, scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices. Monday, January 14, 13
- 10. It is built on Google's V8 • Google’s Open Source JavaScript Engine • V8 is really fast • It is compiled, sort of Monday, January 14, 13
- 11. The Server and The App Are One • Unlike Other Technologies • IIS and ASP.NET ( aspnet_wp.exe) • Apache HTTP and PHP • Complete Control of the HTTP Request Monday, January 14, 13
- 12. How to Spell It? • Node.js • Node.JS • Node (my preferred spelling) Monday, January 14, 13
- 13. How to Install • http://nodejs.org/downloads • Mac/PC/Linux/SunOS • Azure • http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/ develop/nodejs/ Monday, January 14, 13
- 14. Hello World Node Style var http=require('http'); http.createServer(function (req, res) { res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain}); res.end('Hello Worldn'); }).listen(3000); console.log('Server running at http://localhost:3000/'); Monday, January 14, 13
- 15. A Slightly Better Hello World var http=require('http'); var server = http.createServer(); server.on(function (req, res) { res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain}); res.end('Hello Worldn'); }).listen(3000); console.log('Server running at http://localhost:3000/'); Monday, January 14, 13
- 16. Node Workflow • The REPL • Developing • Publishing Monday, January 14, 13
- 17. The REPL • Read - Eval - Print Loop • Brings JavaScript to the command line • Allows all JavaScript commands • Isn’t Really too useful Monday, January 14, 13
- 18. Developing • Text Editor / Terminal • VIM • WebStorm Monday, January 14, 13
- 19. Publishing with Git • Git • Microsoft Azure • Heroku Monday, January 14, 13
- 20. Three Key Ideas • Callbacks • Events • Modules Monday, January 14, 13
- 21. Callbacks • Callbacks are the key to Asynchronous Programming • Avoid thinking in Java or C# with callbacks query(“SELECT * from db”, function(result) { /* do something with result */ }); Monday, January 14, 13
- 22. Events • Events are Core to Node’s Architecture • Events are defined in the Module, Events • Events are hooked using .on • Events are triggered using .emit • Your code can define and emit events also Monday, January 14, 13
- 23. Modules • Based on CommonJS • Solves the Issue of the JavaScript Global Object • Modules are wrapped in anonymous functions Monday, January 14, 13
- 24. Modules (function() { /* contents of module file */ })(); Monday, January 14, 13
- 25. Introducing NPM • Node Package Manager • http://npmjs.org • Core • Userland • Types of Installs • Don’t Re-invent the Wheel Monday, January 14, 13
- 26. Core • Packages that are internal to Node • Defined in Node's source in the lib/ folder • Modules like: http, util, fs, etc. Monday, January 14, 13
- 27. Userland • Modules loaded from NPM or other • npm install <module name> • npm install -g <module name> Monday, January 14, 13
- 28. Types of Installs • Global - Accessible to all Node Apps • Local - Accessible only to the current App • Prefer Local • App has all components when published • No need to sudo Monday, January 14, 13
- 29. Don’t Re-invent the Wheel • There are over 20k Packages already defined • Most of your problems have already been solved Monday, January 14, 13
- 30. Top Ten Packages • #10 connect Connect is an extensible HTTP server framework for node, providing high performance "plugins" known as middleware. Connect is bundled with over 20 commonly used middleware, including a logger, session support, cookie parser, and more. Monday, January 14, 13
- 31. Top Ten Packages • #9 coffee-script CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles into JavaScript. Monday, January 14, 13
- 32. Top Ten Packages • #8 underscore Underscore.js is a utility-belt library for JavaScript that provides support for the usual functional suspects (each, map, reduce, filter...) without extending any core JavaScript objects. Monday, January 14, 13
- 33. Top Ten Packages • #7 jade Jade is a high performance template engine heavily influenced by Haml and implemented with JavaScript for node. Monday, January 14, 13
- 34. Top Ten Packages • #6 redis This is a complete Redis client for node.js. It supports all Redis commands, including many recently added commands like EVAL from experimental Redis server branches. Monday, January 14, 13
- 35. Top Ten Packages • #5 mocha Mocha is a simple, flexible, fun JavaScript test framework for node.js and the browser. Monday, January 14, 13
- 36. Top Ten Packages • #4 socket.io Socket.IO is a Node.JS project that makes WebSockets and realtime possible in all browsers. It also enhances WebSockets by providing built-in multiplexing, horizontal scalability, automatic JSON encoding/ decoding, and more. Monday, January 14, 13
- 37. Top Ten Packages • #3 async Async is a utility module which provides straight-forward, powerful functions for working with asynchronous JavaScript. Although originally designed for use with node.js, it can also be used directly in the browser. Monday, January 14, 13
- 38. Top Ten Packages • #2 request Simplified HTTP request client. Monday, January 14, 13
- 39. Top Ten Packages • #1 Express Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for node. Monday, January 14, 13
- 40. A Website Monday, January 14, 13
- 41. A RESTful Web Service Monday, January 14, 13
- 42. Why Node? • Avoids the Web Dev Context Switch • Gives You Full Control of the Server • Makes Asynchronous Coding Easy • Node is Fun Monday, January 14, 13
- 43. Resources • http://nodejs.org • http://npmjs.org • http://nodetuts.com • http://howtonode.org • http://package.json.nodejitsu.com Monday, January 14, 13
- 44. Summary • What Node Isn't and Is • A Website Using Packages • How to Install • A RESTful Web Service • Hello World - Node Style • Why Node • Node Workflow • Resources • Three Key Ideas • Summary • Introducing NPM Monday, January 14, 13