Architecture Thesis Recreation center
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This document discusses the justification for designing a recreation club in Thane, India. It outlines several benefits of recreational sports such as improved physical and mental health, reduced crime rates, and positive social and educational outcomes. Regular physical activity is important for preventing diseases and lowering healthcare costs. Recreation allows people to reduce stress and interact with others, while children benefit from teamwork and developing skills through sports. The document argues that investing in recreation facilities supports public health and development in communities.
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configurations during the 1980s. This type of ground is associated with an era of
suburbanization, in which many sports teams followed their fans out of large cities into
areas with cheaper, plentiful land. They were usually built near highways and had large
parking lots but were rarely connected to public transit. As multi-purpose ground was
rarely ideal for both sports usually housed in them, they had fallen out of favor by the
1990s. With the completion of the Truman Sports Complex in Kansas City in 1973, a
model for purpose-built ground was laid down. Since Oriole Park at Camden Yards
opened in 1992, most major league sports ground have been built specifically for one
sport.
Outside North America, the term is rarely used, since soccer is the only major outdoor
team sport in many countries; in some countries soccer and rugby can easily co-exist, with
Australia and South Africa being notable examples. In other countries, such as England,
teams rarely share facilities. In Australia, many sports grounds are suited to both
Australian Rules football and cricket, as Australian rules was originally conceived for play
on cricket fields. Soccer ground has historically served as track and field arenas as well
and some (like the Olympiastadion in Berlin) still do, whereas a newer generation
frequently has no running track to get the fans closer to the field.
Swimming
Olympics sports since 1912
Swimming is an individual or team sport and activity. Competitive swimming is one of the
most popular Olympic sports, with events in freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and
butterfly.
Competitive swimming became popular in the 19th century. The goal of competitive
swimming is to break personal or world records while beating competitors in any given
event. Swimming in competition should create the least resistance in order to obtain
maximum speed. However, some professional swimmers who do not hold a national or
world ranking are considered the best in regard to their technical skills. Typically, an
athlete goes through a cycle of training in which the body is overloaded with work in the
beginning and middle segments of the cycle, and then the workload is decreased in the
final stage as the swimmer approaches competition.
The practice of reducing exercise in the days just before an important competition is
called tapering. A final stage is often referred to as "shave and taper": the swimmer
shaves off all exposed hair for the sake of reducing drag and having a sleeker and more
hydrodynamic feel in the water.[5] Additionally, the "shave and taper" method refers to the
removal of the top layer of "dead skin", which exposes the newer and richer skin
underneath.[6]
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Swimming is an event at the Summer Olympic Games, where male and female athletes
compete in 16 of the recognized events each. Olympic events are held in a 50-meter pool,
called a long course pool.
There are forty officially recognized individual swimming events in the pool; however
the International Olympic Committee only recognizes 32 of them. The international
governing body for competitive swimming is the Federation International de
Natation ("International Swimming Federation"), better known as FINA.
Open water
In open water swimming, where the events are swum in a body of open water (lake or
sea), there are also 5 km, 10 km and 25 km events for men and women. However, only
the 10 km event is included in the Olympic schedule, again for both men and women.
Open-water competitions are typically separate to other swimming competitions with the
exception of the World Championships and the Olympics.
Swim style
In competitive swimming, four major styles have been established. These have been
relatively stable over the last 30–40 years with minor improvements. The four main strokes
in swimming are:
Butterfly (fly)
Backstroke (back)
Breaststroke (breast)
Freestyle (free)
Events in competition may have only one of these styles except in the case of the
individual medley, or IM, which consists of all four. In this latter event, swimmers swim
equal distances of butterfly, then backstroke, breaststroke, and finally, freestyle.[7] In
Olympic competition, this event (called the "IM") is swam in these distances - 200 or 400
meters. Some competition also swims the 100 yard or meter IM - particularly, for younger
swimmers (typically under 14 years) involved in club swimming, or masters swimming
(over 18).
Competition pools
World Championship pools must be 50 meters (160 ft.) (long course) long and 25 meters
(82 ft.) wide, with ten lanes labelled zero to nine (or one to ten in some pools; zero and
nine (or one and ten) are usually left empty in semi-finals and finals); the lanes must be at
least 2.5 meters (8.2 ft.) wide. They will be equipped with starting blocks at both ends of
the pool and most will have Automatic Officiating Equipment, including touch pads to
record times and sensors to ensure the legality of relay take overs. The pool must have a
minimum depth of two meters.[9]
Other pools which host events under FINA regulations are required to meet some but not
all of these requirements. Many of these pools have eight instead of ten lanes and some
will be 25 meters (82 ft.) long, making them Short course. World records that are set in
short course pools are kept separate from those set in long course pools because it may
be an advantage or disadvantage to swimmers to have more or less turns in a race.
Basket Ball
Olympic sports since 1936
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Basketball courts come in different sizes and colors. In the NBA, the court is 94 feet (29
m) by 50 feet (15 m). Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules,[1] the court
is minutely smaller, measuring exactly 28 meters (92 ft.) by 15 meters (49 ft.). A high
school court is slightly smaller, at 84 feet (26 m) by 50 feet (15 m). In amateur basketball,
court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always 10 feet (3.0 m) above the floor (except
possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A
basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this
line, or with a player's foot touching the line is worth two points. The free-throw line, where
one stands while taking a foul shot, is located within the three-point arc.
Height
The height of the underside of the roof structure, or the ceiling if there is one, above the
floor is specified by each sport’s governing body, and this is a critical design factor.
Badminton, tennis and trampolining require an unrestricted height of 9.1m for international
competition, while 7.6m is necessary at C level in all sports except those for which height
is not critical. In general a basketball court should have a minimum clearance of 25 feet
(7.7m), although a ceiling height of at least 27 feet (8.23m) is recommended.
The NBA three-point line is 3 ft. (0.91 m) from the side-line in a zone starting at the
baseline and ending when it crosses the 23.75 ft. (7.24 m) arc. The 22 ft. (6.70 m)
measurement applies only at a point where a line parallel to the baseline intersects the
long axis of the court and the centre of the basket.
The FIBA three-point line is 2.95 ft. (0.90 m) from the side-line in a zone starting at the
baseline and ending when it crosses the 22.1 ft. (6.75 m) arc. The 21.65 ft. (6.60 m)
measurement applies only at a point where a line parallel to the baseline intersects the
long axis of the court and the centre of the basket.
Sections of Basket Ball Court
Center Circle
The only two players permitted to enter this area prior to the tipoff are the players
contesting the jump ball (usually but not always centres). Both players jump when the
referee throws the ball in the air, each attempting to tap the ball into the hands of a player
of their own team.
Three-Point Line
The three-point line is the line that separates the two-point area from the three-point area;
any shot converted beyond this line counts as three points. If the shooting player steps on
the line, it is counted as two points only. Any foul made in the act of shooting beyond the
three-point line would give the player three free throws if the shot doesn't go in, and one if
it does.
The distance to the three-point line from the centre of the basket varies depending on the
level or league, and has changed several times. These are the current distances, with the
league or level using each distance:
19.75 ft. (6.01 m): High School
20.75 ft. (6.32 m): NCAA
21.65 ft. (6.60 m) to 22.15 ft. (6.75 m): WNBA and FIBA
22 ft. (6.71 m) to 23.75 ft. (7.24 m): NBA
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The NBA adopted the three-point line at the start of the 1979–80 seasons. This is of
variable distance, ranging from 22 feet (6.7 m) in the corners to 23.75 feet (7.24 m) behind
the top of the key. During the 1994–95, 1995–96 and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA
attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the overall distance of the line to a
uniform 22 feet (6.7 m) around the basket. It was moved back to its original distance after
the 1996–97 seasons. FIBA and the NCAA both adopted the three-point line in 1985.
In most high school associations in the United States, the distance is 19.75 feet. This was
formerly the distance for college basketball as well. On May 26, 2007, the NCAA playing
rules committee agreed to move the three-point line back one foot to 20.75 feet for the
men. This rule went into effect for the 2008–2009 seasons. The three-point line for women
(NCAA) moved back one foot to 20.75 feet at the start of the 2011–2012 seasons.
The international distance, used in most countries outside the United States and
in FIBA and WNBA competition, is currently 6.6 m (21.65 ft.) to 6.75 m (22.15 ft.).
Perimeter
The perimeter is defined as the areas outside the free throw lane and inside the three-
point line. Shots converted (successfully made) from this area are called "perimeter shots"
or "medium-range shots." If a player's foot is on the three-point line, the shot is considered
a perimeter shot.
Low Post Area
The low post is defined as the areas that are closest to the basket but outside of the free
throw lane.[4] This area is fundamental to strategy in basketball. Skilled low post players
can score many points per game without ever taking a jump shot.
Key
The key, free throw lane or shaded lane refers to the usually painted area beneath the
basket; for the NBA it is 16 feet (4.9 m) wide, for the NCAA it is 12 feet (3.7 m) wide; for
both instances it extends 15 feet (4.6 m) from the backboard. At the top of the rectangle is
the free throw line, behind which players shoot uncontested shots when they're fouled. A
circle is drawn around the free-throw line with a 6 feet (1.8 m) radius; this is used for jump
ball instances, as is done at the centre circle. Two 6-inch hash lines, 3 ft. from the free
throw lane line and 5 ft. 8 in from the free throw line, show the lower defensive box linked
to the restricted area.
For FIBA tournaments, since October 2010 the key has been a rectangle 4.9 m wide and
5.8 m long. Previously it was a trapezoid 3.7 meters (12 ft.) wide at the free-throw line and
6 meters (19 feet and 6.25 inches) at the end line.
The key is primarily used to prevent players from staying beneath the basket of the
opponents' team for long periods (maximum three seconds).
Restricted Area Arc
The restricted area arc is a semi-circular arc drawn around the area directly underneath
the basket. With some exceptions, members of the defending team cannot draw charging
fouls in this area. The restricted arc in NBA and WNBA competition has a radius 4 feet
(1.22 m) from below the centre of the basket. The restricted arc in NCAA competition (both
men's and women's) is of radius 3 feet (0.91 m) from below the centre of the basket.
Other Lines
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On NBA floors, two hash marks are drawn at the end lines near the key to mark the area
known as the lower defensive box. A defensive player is allowed to draw a charging foul
within the restricted arc if the offensive player receives the ball and/or starts his drive
within this area.[5]
Also, two lines are drawn on each of the side-lines, 28 feet from each of the end lines,
which designate the extent of the coaching box and bench. This line marks the farthest
extent a coach (aside from the side-lines) can stand. Directly behind this area is the team
bench.
On the half-court line of NBA floors two lines extend outside the playing court, designating
the place where substitutes wait before they can enter the playing court; directly behind
this area are the various off-court officials such as the timekeeper and reserve referee.
Volleyball
Olympic sports since 1964
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each
team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized
rules.[1] It has been a part of the official program of the Games since 1964.
The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds as follows: a player on one of
the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with
a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the
receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their
court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the
ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an
attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to
prevent it from being grounded in their court.
The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until
either (1): a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the
rally; or (2): a team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is
awarded a point, and serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common
faults include:
causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without first
passing over the net;
catching and throwing the ball;
double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player;
four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team;
net foul: touching the net during play;
Foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.
The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push
(short contact) the ball with any part of the body.
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A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball,
including spiking and blocking as well as passing, setting, and specialized player positions
and offensive and defensive structures.
Overall Dimensions
The overall measurements for a Volleyball court are 60 feet by 30 feet. Each side of the
court is therefore 30 feet by 30 feet in size.
Center Line
A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares.
Attack Line
The attack line is marked 10 feet on each side of the center line of the court. Some rules
show the attack line at 9′ 10″ however that includes the width of the line itself (2″).
Service Line
A service line is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line. This is the area
from which the server may serve the volleyball.
The Net
The net is hung directly above the center line at 7 feet 4 inches for women and 8 feet for
men.
Standards
Volleyball standards should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet on either side of the sidelines.
Ceiling Height
The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet. Preferably the ceilings should be higher.
Tennis
Olympic Sports since 1896
Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles)
or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis
racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around
a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a
way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return
the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.
Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages. The sport
can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users. The modern
game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as "lawn
tennis".[1] It had close connections both to various field ("lawn") games such
as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport of real tennis. During most of the
19th-century in fact, the term "tennis" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example,
in Disraeli's novel Sybil (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will "go down
to Hampton Court and play tennis."[2]
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The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s. Two exceptions are that from
1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times, and the adoption
of the tiebreak in the 1970s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the
adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which
allows a player to contest the line call of a point.
Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide
spectator sport. The four Slam tournaments (also referred to as the "Majors") are especially
popular: the Australian Open played on hard courts, the French Open played on red clay
courts, Wimbledon played on grass courts, and the US Open played also on hard courts.
Court
A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. It is a firm rectangular
surface with a low net stretched across the centre. The same surface can be used to play
both doubles and singles matches. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis
court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game.
The dimension of tennis court
Tennis is played on a rectangular flat surface, usually of grass, clay or hard material. The
dimensions of a tennis court are defined and regulated by the International Tennis
Federation (ITF) governing body and are written down in the annual 'Rules of Tennis'
document. The court is 78 feet (23.77 metres) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23 metres) for
singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 metres) for doubles matches.[2] The service line is 21
feet (6.40 metres) from the net.[2] Additional clear space around the court is needed in
order for players to reach overrun balls for a total of 60 feet (18 metres) wide and 120 feet
(37 metres) long. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the
baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 metres) high at
the posts, and 3 feet (0.91 metres) high in the centre. The net posts are 3 feet (0.91
metres) outside the doubles court on each side or, for a singles net, 3 feet (0.91 metres)
outside the singles court on each side.
Surfaces
Tennis is played on a variety of surfaces and each surface has its own characteristics
which affect the playing style of the game. There are four main types of courts depending
on the materials used for the court surface: clay courts, hard courts, grass courts and
carpet courts. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) lists different surfaces and
properties and classifies surfaces into one of five pace settings:[4]
Category 1 (slow)
Category 2 (medium-slow)
Category 3 (medium)
Category 4 (medium-fast)
Category 5 (fast)
Of the current Grand Slam tournaments, the US Open and Australian Open use hard
courts, the French Open is played on clay, and Wimbledon is played on grass and is the
only Grand Slam tournament to have always been played on one surface. The Australian
Open switched to hard courts in 1988 and in its early years the French championship
alternated between clay and sand/rubble courts. The US Open is the only one of the four
majors to have been played on three surfaces; the tournament was played on grass from
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its inception until 1974, on green clay until 1977, and on hard courts since the tournament
moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the National Tennis Centre in 1978.
Clay courts
The French Open is played on clay courts.
Clay courts are made of crushed shale, stone, or brick. The
French Open is the only Grand Slam tournament to use clay
courts.
Clay courts slow down the ball and produce a high bounce in
comparison to grass courts or hard courts.[6] For this reason, the
clay court takes away many of the advantages of big serves,
which makes it hard for server-based players to dominate on the
surface. Clay courts are cheaper to construct than other types of
tennis courts, but a clay surface costs more to maintain. Clay
courts need to be rolled to preserve flatness. The clay's water content must be balanced;
green courts generally require the courts to be sloped to allow water run-off.
Clay courts are more common in Europe and Latin America than in North America and
tend to heavily favour baseline players.
Grass courts
Grass court maintenance at Wimbledon
Grass courts are the fastest type of courts in common
use.[6] They consist of grass grown on very hard-packed
soil, which adds additional variables: bounces depend on
how healthy the grass is, how recently it has been mown,
and the wear and tear of recent play. Points are usually
very quick where fast, low bounces keep rallies short,
and the serve plays a more important role than on other
surfaces. Grass courts tend to favour serve-and-volley tennis players.
Grass courts were once among the most common tennis surfaces, but are now rare due to
high maintenance costs, as they must be watered and mown often, and take a longer time
to dry after rain than hard courts. The grass surface, however, is the most compatible with
the human body because of its softness.
Hard courts
Rooftop tennis hard courts in Downtown Singapore
Hard courts are made of uniform rigid material, often
covered with an acrylic surface layer. Offering greater
consistency of bounce than other outdoor
surfaces.[7] Hard courts can vary in speed, although they
are faster than clay but not as fast as grass courts. The
quantity of sand added to the paint can greatly affect the
rate at which the ball slows down. The US Open is played
on Deco Turf, while the Australian is played
on Plexicushion, both acrylic topped hard court surfaces.
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Carpet courts
Artificial turf tennis courts in Nicosia, Cyprus
"Carpet" in tennis means any removable court
covering.[6] Indoor arenas store rolls of rubber-backed court
surfacing and install it temporarily for tennis events, however
they are not in use any more for professional events. A
short piled form of artificial turf in filled with sand is used for
some outdoor courts, particularly in Asia. Carpet is generally
a fast surface, faster than hard-court, with low bounce.[6]
Notable tennis tournaments previously held on carpet courts were the WCT Finals, Paris
Masters, U.S. Pro Indoor and Kremlin Cup. Since 2009 their use has been discontinued
on the ATP tour.
Indoor courts
Any court surface may be used indoors. Hard courts are
most common indoors, as they are made with the most
versatile materials and surface finishes. Clay courts are
installed indoors with underground watering systems,
and used mostly for Davis Cup matches. The conclusion
of the Wimbledon Championships, in 2012, was played
on the lawn of the Centre Court under the roof and
artificial lights, the first time such a retractable roof stadium was used. Carpet surfaces
have been used both on the ATP World Tour and the World Championship Tennis circuit,
though no events currently use them. Historically, other surfaces have been used indoors,
such as hardwood at the defunct World Covered Court Championships.
Smaller courts
The ITF campaign Play and Stay aims to increase tennis participation worldwide, by
improving the way children are introduced to the game. The campaign promotes playing
on smaller courts with slower red, orange and green balls. This gives children more time
and control so that they can serve, rally, and score from the first lesson on courts that are
sized to fit their bodies. The ITF has mandated that official competition for children less
than 10 years of age should be played on so-called Orange courts 18 m (59 ft.) long by
6.4 m (21 ft.) wide. Competition for children less than 8 years is played on Red courts that
are 11 m (36 ft.) long and 5.5 m (18 ft.) wide. The net is 0.8m high in the centre.
Badminton
Olympic sports since 1992
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Badminton is a recreational sport played using rackets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.
Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are
"singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is
often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played
on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racket
and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court. Each side may only strike the
shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck
the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the
opposing side.[1]
The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies
differently from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much
higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a
high top speed compared to the balls in other racket sports.
The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.
European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular
in Asia, with recent competition dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a
Summer Olympic sport with five events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles,
women's doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair consists of a man and a woman.
At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic
stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good
motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.
Court
The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually marked for
both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for
singles only. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are of same
length. The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles
court has a shorter serve-length dimension.
Overall Court Dimensions
The overall dimensions of a badminton court are 20 feet by 44 feet. The lines along these
measurements mark the sidelines for doubles play and long service lines for singles play.
The Net Line
The net line marks the middle of the court where the net is placed, creating a 22 feet by 20
feet area on each side of the net.
Short Service Line
The short service line is marked 6 feet 6 inches (some are marked 7 feet) from the center
line. The area inside the short service line is also called the Non Volley Zone.
Center Line
The Center Line is the line that divides the court from the Short Service Line to the Back
Boundary Line. This delineates the Left from Right Service Court.
Side Line for Singles Play
The Singles Side Line is marked 1 1/2 feet from the edge of the outer boundary (doubles
side line)
Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line for Singles
The back boundary line is the same for singles and doubles play it is the outermost back
line on the court.
Long Service Line for Doubles
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The Long Service line for Doubles is marked 2 1/2 feet inside the Back Boundary Line.
The Badminton Net
The badminton net measures 5 feet tall in the center.
Table tennis
olympic sports since 1988
Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a
lightweight ball back and forth across a table using a small, round bat. The game takes
place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally
as follows: Players must allow a ball played toward them to one time on their side of the
table, and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once. Points are
scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and demands
quick reactions. Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options,
giving the hitter a great advantage. When doing so the hitter has a better chance of
scoring if the spin is successful.
Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis
Federation, founded in 1926. ITTF currently includes 220 member associations. The table
tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook. Table tennis has been an Olympic
sport since 1988, with several event categories. In particular, from 1988 until 2004, these
were: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles. Since 2008,
a team event has been played instead of the doubles.
Equipment
Ball
Assortment of 40mm table tennis ball
He international rules specify that the game is played
with a sphere having a mass of 2.7 grams (0.095 oz.)
and a diameter of 40 millimetres (1.57 in).[22] The rules
say that the ball shall bounce up 24–26 cm (9.4–10.2 in)
when dropped from a height of 30.5 cm (12.0 in) onto a
standard steel block thereby having a coefficient of
restitution of 0.89 to 0.92. The ball is made of plastic as of 2015, colored white or orange,
with a matte finish. The choice of ball color is made according to the table color and its
surroundings. For example, a white ball is easier to see on a green or blue table than it is
on a grey table. Manufacturers often indicate the quality of the ball with a star rating
system, usually from one to three, three being the highest grade. As this system is not
standard across manufacturers, the only way a ball may be used in official competition is
upon ITTF approval (the ITTF approval can be seen printed on the ball).
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67
The 40 mm ball was introduced after the 2000 Summer Olympics.[18] However, this
created some controversy at the time as the Chinese National Team argued that this was
merely to give non-Chinese players a better chance of winning since the new type of ball
has a slower speed (a 40 mm table tennis ball is slower and spins less than the original
38 mm one, and at that time, most Chinese players were playing with fast attack and
smashes). China won all four Olympic gold medals and three silvers in 2000, and have
continued to dominate.
Table
The table is 2.74 m (9.0 ft.) long, 1.525 m (5.0 ft.) wide, and 76 cm (2.5 ft.) high with any
continuous material so long as the table yields a uniform bounce of about 23 cm (9.1 in)
when a standard ball is dropped onto it from a height of 30 cm (11.8 in), or
about 77%.[23][24] The table or playing surface is uniformly dark coloured and matte,
divided into two halves by a net at 15.25 cm (6.0 in) in height. Theist approves only
wooden tables or their derivate. Concrete tables with a steel net or a solid concrete
partition are sometimes available in outside public spaces, such as parks.[25]
Paddle/racket
Players are equipped with a laminated wooden racket covered with rubber on one or two
sides depending on the grip of the player. The ITTF uses the term "racket",[26] though "bat"
is common in Britain, and "paddle" in the U.S.
The wooden portion of the racket, often referred to as the "blade", commonly features
anywhere between one and seven plies of wood, though cork, glass fibre, carbon fibre,
aluminium fibre, and Kevlar are sometimes used. According to the ITTF regulations, at
least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be of natural wood.[27] Common wood types
include balsa, limba, and cypress or "hinoki," which is popular in Japan. The average size
of the blade is about 17 centimetres (6.7 in) long and 15 centimetres (5.9 in) wide.
Although the official restrictions only focus on the flatness and rigidness of the blade itself,
these dimensions are optimal for most play styles.
Table tennis regulations allow different surfaces on each side of the racket.[28] Various
types of surfaces provide various levels of spin or speed, and in some cases they nullify
spin. For example, a player may have a rubber that provides much spin on one side of his
racket, and one that provides no spin on the other. By flipping the racket in play, different
types of returns are possible. To help a player distinguish between the rubbers used by
his opposing player, international rules specify that one side must be red while the other
side must be black.[27] The player has the right to inspect his opponent's racket before a
match to see the type of rubber used and what colour it is. Despite high speed play and
rapid exchanges, a player can see clearly what side of the racket was used to hit the ball.
Current rules state that, unless damaged in play, the racket cannot be exchanged for
another racket at any time during a match
Skating
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69
athletics and gymnastic services such as in schools and colleges, from the ancient Greek
gymnasium.[1]
Gymnasia apparatus such as bar-bells, parallel bars, jumping board, running path, tennis-
balls, cricket field, fencing area, and so forth are used as exercises. In safe weather,
outdoor locations are the most conductive to health.[2] Gyms were popular in ancient
Greece. Their curricula included Gymnastic military or self-defense, gymnastic medical, or
physical therapy to help the sick and injured, and gymnastic athletic for physical fitness
and sports, from boxing to dance.[3]
These gymnasia also had teachers of wisdom and philosophy. Community gymnastic
events were done as part of the celebrations during various village festivals. In ancient
Greece there was a phrase of contempt, "He can neither swim nor write." After a while,
however, Olympic athletes began training in buildings just for them. Community sports
never became as popular among ancient Romans as it had among the ancient Greeks.
Gyms were used more as a preparation for military service or spectator sports. During the
Roman Empire, the gymnastic art was forgotten. In the Dark Ages there were sword
fighting tournaments and of chivalry; and after gunpowder was invented sword fighting
began to be replaced by the sport of fencing. There were schools of dagger fighting and
wrestling and boxing.[4]
Then in the 18th century, Salzmann, German clergyman, opened a gym in Thuringia
teaching bodily exercises, including running and swimming. Clias and Volker established
gyms in London, and in 1825, Doctor Beck, a German immigrant, established the first
gymnasium in the United States. It was found that gym pupils lose interest in doing the
same exercises, partly because of age. Variety in exercises included skating, dancing,
and swimming. Some gym activities can be done by 6 to 8 year olds while age 16 has
been considered mature enough for boxing and horseback riding.[5]
In Ancient Greece the gymnasium (γυμνάσιον) was a locality for both physical and
intellectual education of young men. The latter meaning of intellectual education persisted
in Greek, German and other languages to denote a certain type of school providing
secondary education, the gymnasium, whereas in English the meaning of physical
education was pertained in the word 'gym'.
The Greek word gymnasium means "school for naked exercise" and was used to
designate a locality for the education of young men, including physical education
(gymnastics, i.e. exercise) which was customarily performed naked, as well as bathing,
and studies. For the Greeks, physical education was considered as important as cognitive
learning. Most Greek gymnasia had libraries that could be utilized after relaxing in the
baths.
Billiards
Snooker (UK /ˈsnuːkər/, US /ˈsnʊkər/)[2][3] is a cue sport played on a table covered with a
green cloth or baize, with pockets at each of the four corners and in the middle of each of
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70
the long side cushions. A full-size table measures 11 ft. 81⁄2 in × 5 ft. 10 in (3569 mm x
1778 mm), commonly referred to as 12 × 6 ft.
The game is played using a cue and 22 snooker balls: one white cue ball, 15 red balls
worth one point each, and six balls of different colors: yellow (2 points), green (3), brown
(4), blue (5), pink (6) and black (7).[4] The red balls are initially placed in a triangular
formation, and the other colored balls on marked positions on the table known as "spots".
Players execute shots by striking the cue ball with the cue, causing the cue ball to hit a red
or colored ball. Points are scored by sinking the red and colored balls (knocking them into
the pockets, called "potting") in the correct sequence. A player receives additional points if
the opponent commits a foul. A player (or team) wins a frame (individual game) of snooker
by scoring more points than the opponent(s). A player wins a match when a
predetermined number of frames have been won.
A billiard table designed for the games snooker and English billiards is usually called
a snooker table.
Dimensions
The playing area of a tournament snooker tables, as standardized by the World
Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA or World Snooker) and the
amateur International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) which uses WPBSA
rules,[10] measures 11 feet 8.5 inches by 5 ft. 10 in (356.9 cm by 177.8 cm) with a
tolerance of ± 0.5 in (13 mm),[11] though commonly referred to as 12 ft. by 6 ft. Smaller
tables, approximately 10 ft. by 5 ft. down to half size, are also sometimes used in pubs,
homes and smaller snooker halls. The height from the floor to the top of the cushion is
between 2 ft. 9.5 in and 2 ft. 10.5 in (85.1 cm and 87.6 cm).[11]
Pockets
A snooker table has six pockets, one at each corner and one at the centre of each of the
longest side cushions. The pockets are around 86 mm (3.5 in), though high-class
tournaments may use slightly smaller pockets to increase difficulty. The amount of
undercut (trimmed underside of the rubber cushion's protruding nose at the pocket
opening),[12]:8 if any, has a strong effect on how easily a ball is accepted by the pocket (the
"pocket speed"). On snooker and English billiards tables, the pocket entries are rounded,
while pool tables have sharp "knuckles". This affects how accurate shots need to be to get
into a pocket, and how fast they can be when not dead-on, including shots that run along
and against a cushion, making snooker more difficult to play than pool. According to the
WPBSA official rule book, "the pocket openings shall conform to the templates owned and
authorised by The World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association
(WPBSA)".[11] The WPBSA and IBSF rule books' equipment sections do not actually
specify the measurements and shapes of these proprietary templates[10][11] which change
from time to time, requiring that the templates be dated.[13] The organisations do not
recognise tournament play or records (maximum breaks, etc.) if not performed on tables
that conform to then-current templates.[13][14]
Cushions
The cushions (sometimes known as rails, though that term properly applies to the wood
sections to which the cushions are attached) are usually made of vulcanized rubber.
Markings
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71
The baulk area is marked by a baulk line drawn on the cloth across the width of the table
at 29 inches (737 mm) from and parallel to the face of the bottom cushion.[11] A semicircle
with a radius of 11.5 inches (292 mm) cantered on this line within baulk forms the "D"[11] in
which the cue ball must be placed when breaking or after the cue ball has been potted or
shot off the table. The position of four of the colours are marked along the long
string (lengthwise centre) of the table, perpendicular to the baulk line: the black spot,
12.75 inches (324 mm) from the top cushion; the centre spot or blue spot, located at the
midpoint between the bottom and top cushions; the pyramid spot or pink spot, located
midway between the centre spot and the top cushion; and the baulk spot or brown spot,
located at the midpoint of the baulk line[11] (and, thus of the "D"). Due to its obviousness,
the brown spot is not always marked (neither are the unmistakable green and yellow
spots,[11] at the left and right intersections, respectively, of the baulk line and the "D"'s
curve.[1]:116, 278[11] the exact placing of these markings are different on smaller tables, but
proportional to the full-size model.
The bed
The playing surface of a good quality snooker table has a bed of slate and is covered
with baize cloth, traditionally green, though many other colours are now available. The
thickness of this cloth determines the table's speed (lack of friction) and responsiveness
to spin, thicker cloths being longer lasting but slower and less responsive. The nap of the
cloth can affect the run of the balls, especially on slower shots and shots played
with sidespin applied to the cue ball. A snooker table traditionally has the nap running from
the baulk to the top end and is brushed and ironed in this direction.
Squash
Squash is a racket sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles) in a four-walled
court with a small, hollow rubber ball. The players must alternate in striking the ball with
their racket and hit the ball onto the playable surfaces of the four walls of the court.
The game was formerly called squash rackets, a reference to the "squash able" soft ball
used in the game (compared with the harder ball used in its sister game rackets).
Squash is recognized by the IOC and supporters are lobbying for its incorporation in a
future Olympic program.
The court
The squash court is a playing surface surrounded by four walls. The court surface
contains a front line separating the front and back of the court and a half court line,
separating the left and right hand sides of the back portion of the court, creating three
'boxes': the front half, the back left quarter and the back right quarter. Both the back two
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78
III SHOWER ROOM 2 NOS 4.00 X 3.00 24.00 SQ.M
IV TOILETS 2 NOS 1.50 X 2.00
10 UMPIRE ROOM 1 NOS 3.90 X 5.00 19.50 SQ.M
I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 2.50 X 2.50 6.25 SQ.M
II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 2.40 X 2.50 6.00 SQ.M
III TOILET 1 NOS 1.50 X 2.00
E PARKING
I 4 WHEELER PARKING 200 NOS 2.50 X 5.50 13.75 SQ.M
II 2 WHEELER PARKING 35 NOS 2.00 X 1.50 3.00 SQ.M
III BICYCLE PARKING 16 NOS 2.00 X 1.25 2.5 SQ.M
TOTAL BUILTUP AREA(A+B+D) 11985 SQ.M
INTRODUCTIONTO THANE
Thane is a city in Maharashtra, India, at the head of the Thane Creek. Thane is part of
the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
City of Lakes
The most famous is the Masunda Lake, also known as Talao Pali. It offers boating and
water scooter facilities. On the lakefront stands the Gadkari Rangayatan, a drama theatre
which is a very popular hub for entertainment. The Kopineshwar Temple on the banks is
the oldest temple in the entire district of Thane. It was built and renovated in about 1750
AD by Chimajji Appa.
History
The city crops up again in the Middle Ages and slabs and copper plates dating back to the
period have been discovered in Thane. One of them, dug up from the foundations of
Thane Fort in 1787, dated 1078 AD, is apparently a land grant from Arikesara Devaraja,
sovereign of the city of Tagara, wherein he address the inhabitants of a city called Sri
Sthanaka.[2]
Friar Jordanus visited Thane between AD 1321 and 1324, and described it as being under
a Muslim governor. He left a detailed sketch of Nestorian Christians in Thane and refers to
the martyrdom of four Christian (Franciscan) friars in the region, nearly 200 years before
the Portuguese set foot in India. The celebrated In Battuta and Abul Feda, contemporaries
of Friar Jordanus, also came here. They refer to Thane as Kukin Tana[3] and speak of its
fame as a port from which ships sailed to the gulf carrying a kind of cloth called 'Tanasi'
which was produced in Thane. Duarte Barbosa, a noted traveler, described Thane by the
name Tana Mayambu[3]
The British occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova, and the island fort of
Karanja in 1774.
Rail
Thane was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in India. On 16 April 1853, the
passenger train service was inaugurated between Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) and
Thane.[5] Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three
locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan.
Thane is connected with neighboring suburbs through Central and Trans-
Harbour Line Suburban railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-Vashi
Harbour Line and Central Line. It has become the busiest suburban station
in Mumbai which handles 6.54 lakh passengers daily.[6]
As of 2013, there are plans of extending the Ghatkopar-Mulund Metro line up to Thane.[7]
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79
On 26th August 2015, MMRDA sanctions ₹ 35,400 crores for 118 km Mumbai metro
network. This includes a 40-km Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor
via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹ 12,000 crore. [8]
Climate
Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on a tropical wet and dry climate.
Overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and very few days of extreme
temperatures.
In Thane, temperature varies from 22 °C to 36 °C. Winter temperatures can fall to 12 °C at
night while summer temperatures can rise to over 40 °C at noon. The lowest day time
temperatures are witnessed during the peak of summer monsoon in July and August
when temperatures can drop to about 25 °C. Out of total rainfall, 80% rainfall is
experienced during June to October. Average annual rainfall is 2000–2500 mm and
humidity is 61-86%, making it a humid-perhumid zone. City may experience multiple days
at stretch without direct sunshine due to continuous cloud cover during the peak summer
monsoon months of July and August. The driest days are in winter while the wettest days
are experienced in July.
Demographics
The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941;.[9] Average literacy
rate of Thane city is 91.36 percent of which male and female literacy was 94.19 and 88.14
percent. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 900
per 1000 boys. Total children (0-6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per Census India report
on 2011. There were 98,017 boys while 88,242 are girls. Children form 10.24% of total
population of Thane City.[10] The dominant language
spoken in Thane is Marathi. Also, Sindhi, Gujrati and Hindi is used in Thane. Some of
the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/recreationcenter-161002090607/85/Architecture-Thesis-Recreation-center-79-320.jpg)
Architecture Thesis Recreation center
- 1. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 1 “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” DESIGNDISSERTATIONSUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE WITH INTERIOR DESIGN BY Mr.ROHIT A.DIGRA UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF ARCHITECT R.G.DESHMUKH SIR DR.BALIRAM HIRAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE (L.B.H.S.S.T) BANDRA, MUMBAI UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI DR.BALIRAM HIRAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE (L.B.H.S.S.T) BANDRA, MUMBAI UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI CERTIFICATE
- 2. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 2 This is to certify that Mr.ROHIT A.DIGRA has satisfactorily carried out and completedthe Projectentitled “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” This work is being submitted for the award of degree of Bachelor of Architecture with Interior Design. It is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of University of Mumbai for the academic year 2015-2016. …………………………… …………………………... Ar. Kalyani Salvi Ar.R.G.Deshmukh Sir Class In charge Project Guide …………………………… …………………………... Ar.Swapna Khade Principal External Examiner DECLARATION I hereby declare that these Thesis Report Titled “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of bachelor of architecture with interior design course of Dr.Baliram Hiray College Of Architecture (L.B.H.S.S.T). India is a record of my own work. The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma. Name of student: Mr.Rohit A.Digra Project Guide: Ar.R.G.Deshmukh Sir Year: 2015 -2016
- 3. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It gives me an immense pleasure to express my gratitude to ARCHITECT R.G.DESHMUKH SIR, his guidance, constant encouragement and support during the course of work in the past one year. I truly appreciate and value his esteemedguidance and encouragement from the beginning to the end of this project. I, am especially thankful to AR.SUNIL MAGDUM SIR Vice Principal, AR.PRANAV BHATT SIR head of department, and MR.ANIL PARAB SIR office superintendent of Dr. Baliram Hiray College Of Architecture (L.B.H.S.S.T.), for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the work successfully. My sincere thanks to Mr.SURU NAYAK , Ex-cricketer of India and operational manager of B.C.C.I., for providing necessary facility for my work and I am also very thankful to AR.A.D.RANADE SIR, Visiting faculty of Dr.Baliram Hiray College of Architecture (L.B.H.S.S.T.) for his help and encouragement during the project. I also thankful to my friends and batch mates who have directly or indirectly helped me in my project work. I pay my deepest gratitude with a deep sense of respect to Lt.Col.M.K.Choudhury (Retd.) Chief operating officer N.S.C.I. Club, worli, Mumbai for the cooperation in providing the necessary information and guidance. Last but not least to my parents and family for encouragement, patience and understanding Thank you all and all Dated: 29th March 2016 DEDICATION
- 4. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 4 This Thesis report is dedicated to my loving “FAMILY” Whose blessing and prayers strengthen up, to do my project successfully. INDEX List of contents Page No. PREFACE 07 INTRODUCTION 08 IMPORTANCE OF RECREATION SPORTS 09 TOPIC JUSTIFICATION 11 INTERACTION& IMPORTANCE 19 RESEARCH 21 METHODOLOGY 39 CASE STUDIES 40 COMPARISONS OF CASE STUDIES 65 HYPOTHESIS 68 TECHNICAL DATA 69 DESIGN CONTENT 95 INTRODUCTIONTO THANE 100
- 5. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 5 SITE LOCATION 102 SITE ANALYSIS 103 CONCLUSION 109 BIBLOGRAPHY 110 SUMMARY INDEX 111 PREFACE The release of the body from the tension and strain of work may be understood as a natural physical response to fatigue. Yet relaxation as a regulated right of human labour in the Western world emerged only in the nineteenth century, and ever since has been repeatedlychecked by anxieties about mass leisure and by the dynamics of economic growth. Scientists began to understand the working body as a ‘motor’ with a measurable capacity for work and the need for regularly spaced rest. Work scientists like Angelo Mosso believed that output could be optimized if exhaustion was avoided. Overwork reduced longevity, decreased fertility, stunted the growth of youth, produced insomnia and nervousness, and encouraged alcoholism and torpor. Efficiency in the human motor required daily and weekly rest breaks and even regularly spaced rests within the workday. Since the 1970s, complex economic and social trends have reversed the historical trend toward increased leisure time. Increased speed of communications and transport along with the rise of global competition has created the 24-hour economy and, with it, work at all hours. Economic maximizing and consumerism have induced workers not only to opt for overtime but to choose timesaving devices to aid in their leisure. This has meant a saturation of free time with leisure goods and their maintenance.
- 6. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 6 INTRODUCTION Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind. While leisure is more likely a form of entertainment or sleep, recreation is active for the participant but in a refreshing and diverting manner. A time in which individuals are not compelled to do anything, and are free to choose to relax or to take part in a leisure activity. Leisure has important social functions, including relief from the demands and restrictions of work. Most people enjoy socializing with friends for dinner or a drink after a hard day at work. For many young people, having a regular night out a week is a normal part of their free time, whether it is joining friends for a drink in a pub, dining out in a restaurant, watching a film, playing video games or dancing at a club. Types of leisure Active leisure activities involve the exertion of physical or mental energy. Low-impact physical activities include walking and yoga, which expend little energy and have little contact or competition. High-impact activities such as kick-boxing and football consume much energy and are competitive. Some active leisure activities involve almost no physical activity, but do require a substantial mental effort, such as playing chess or painting a picture. Active leisure and recreation overlap significantly. Passive leisure activities are those in which a person does not exert any significant physical or mental energy, such as going to the cinema, watching television, or gambling on slot machines. Some leisure experts discourage these types of leisure activity, on the grounds that they do not provide the benefits offered by active leisure activities. For example, acting in a community drama (an active leisure activity) could build a person's skills or self-confidence. Nevertheless, passive leisure activities are a good way of relaxing for many people. Importance To The Indian Context A new developed sporting infrastructure is a trade mark of developed nation of today, where in attention can be diverted from basic issues to recreation and leisure issues.so it becomes obligatory for every developing country to make developments in the sports sector so that the health of the society and standard of living in general also develop along with it. IMPORTANCE OF RECREATION SPORTS Recreational sports are important to the quality of life and communities. It has been long associated with benefits to health such as heart disease, diabetes and bowel cancer. It also helps decrease overweight and obesity numbers with regular physical activity among people and communities. Recreational sports have been reported as changing lives. The activities create positive outcomes such as confidence, self-respect, self-esteem, trust, self-reliance and leadership abilities. “Over the last 15 years however, sports, outdoor pursuits and constructive leisure activities have been a well-established feature of initiatives whose aim is to divert offenders and young people at risk away from crime” (East Leigh, 2007). Therefore, participating in recreational activities can help young men and women stay away from crime and can become leaders.
- 7. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 7 Recreational sports provide challenges and adventures for individuals. In the economic aspect, promoting physical activity for employees makes good business sense. As for college students, recreational sports programs and activities are correlated with overall college satisfaction and success. Students become more socially oriented than other students who don’t participated in recreational sports. Other benefits of recreational sports include reduction of stress, improvement of happiness, build character, improve interaction with diverse sets of people, and contribute to time management. Recreation is essential to the longevity of humans because it assists with lowering stress levels. Organized recreational activities can be found at local parks, YMCA’s, churches, and other community facilities. These types of programs are successful because they include recreation for the entire family. Regular family activities can help everyone become more active and healthier. This gives both parents and children the opportunity to interact as a family and have fun together. In addition, some community facilities include senior citizen programming. Indoor recreational programs can include table tennis, racquetball, bowling, indoor swimming, indoor treadmills, arts and crafts, indoor skating, and more. Outdoor recreational programs can include running, volleyball, basketball, football, Frisbee tossing, swimming, and much more. Sports and health More and more number have secondary occupations .The number of people in non- manual jobs has increased in the UK by approximately 20% over the last 20 years, whilst the number of people manual appointment has fallen in the UK by around 35% over the same period Regular exercise for men and women of all ages can provide the essential complement to programs of preventive health care evolved by government and health authorities Cost of remedial care in health service rise inexorably year by year Investment in sports development is likely to pay back in the reduction of many avoidable illness Sports and school If the number of people participating in sports are to be raised, on setting is more important than school will be an asset for life A loss of playing fields and a lack of commitment to school sports can deprive youngsters of their birthright This is a loss to nation as whole, Team work and achievement in sports impart a spirit of self-discipline, personal achievement, and respect for others The implications of policies on the availabilities need care full study. Errors made now would cost huge sums of money to repair for many young people opportunities may never It is important that people who leave school in further education have continuing access to sports facilities The sports council believes that sharing facilities between schools and local people confers positive benefits Such partnerships should be a factor in all local strategies for sports development It is important that maximum use is made of sports halls,pools,and pitches but it is equally important that physical education should have a full role properly to create literacy in movement as vital role to every person literacy as verbal expression itself Many sports clubs provide opportunities that school children might not otherwise have ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…IMPORTANCE OF RECREATION SPORTS
- 8. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 8 Sports policy should promote such arrangement between club and schools, and school and the community The aim should be to promote self confidence among children, to encourage school leavers to maintain sporting activities in later life and it identifies and develop special talent. TOPIC JUSTIFICATION Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun". Etymology The term recreation appears to have been used in English first in the late 14th century, first in the sense of "refreshment or curing of a sick person”, and derived turn from Latin (re: "again", creare: "to create, bring forth, beget.). Prerequisites to leisure Humans spend their time in activities of daily living, work, sleep, social duties, and leisure, the latter time being free from prior commitments to physiologic or social needs, a prerequisite of recreation. Leisure has increased with increased longevity and, for many, with decreased hours spent for physical and economic survival, yet others argue that time pressure has increased for modern people, as they are committed to too many tasks. Other factors that account for an increased role of recreation are affluence, population trends, and increased commercialization of recreational offerings. While one perception is that leisure is just "spare time", time not consumed by the necessities of living, another holds that leisure is a force that allows individuals to consider and reflect on the values and realities that are missed in the activities of daily life, thus being an essential element of personal development and civilization. This direction of thought has even been extended to the view that leisure is the purpose of work, and a reward in itself and "leisure life" reflects the values and character of a nation. Leisure is considered a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Play, recreation and work Recreation is difficult to separate from the general concept of play, which is usually the term for children's recreational activity. Children may playfully imitate activities that reflect the realities of adult life. It has been proposed that play or recreational activities are outlets of or expression of excess energy, channeling it into socially acceptable activities that fulfill individual as well as societal needs, without need for compulsion, and providing satisfaction and pleasure for the participant. A traditional view holds that work is supported by recreation, recreation being useful to "recharge the battery" so that work performance is improved. Work, an activity generally performed out of economic necessity and useful for society and organized within the economic framework, however can also be pleasurable and may be self-imposed thus blurring the distinction to recreation. Many activities may be work for one person and recreation for another, or, at an individual level, over time recreational activity may become work, and vice versa. Thus, for a ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…TOPIC JUSTIFICATION
- 9. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 9 musician, playing an instrument may be at one time a profession, and at another a recreation. Similarly, it may be difficult to separate education from recreation as in the case of recreational mathematics. Recreational activities Recreation is an essential part of human life and finds many different forms which are shaped naturally by individual interests but also by the surrounding social construction. Recreational activities can be communal or solitary, active or passive, outdoors or indoors, healthy or harmful, and useful for society or detrimental. A list of typical activities could be almost endless including most human activities, a few examples being reading, playing or listening to music, watching movies or TV, gardening, hunting, hobbies, sports, studies, and travel. Some recreational activities - such as gambling, recreational drug use, or delinquent activities - may violate societal norms and laws. Public space such as parks and beaches are essential venues for many recreational activities. Tourism has recognized that many visitors are specifically attracted by recreational offerings. In support of recreational activities government has taken an important role in their creation, maintenance, and organization, and whole industries have developed merchandise or services. Recreation-related business is an important factor in the economy; it has been estimated that the outdoor recreation sector alone contributes $730 billion annually to the U.S. economy and generates 6.5 million jobs. Health and recreation Recreation has many health benefits, and, accordingly, Therapeutic Recreation has been developed to take advantage of this effect. The National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) is the nationally recognized credentialing organization for the profession of Therapeutic Recreation. Professionals in the field of Therapeutic Recreation who are certified by the NCTRC are called "Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists". The job title "Recreation Therapist" is identified in the U.S. Dept. of Labor's Occupation Outlook. Such therapy is applied in rehabilitation, psychiatric facilities for youth and adults and in the care of the elderly, the disabled, or people with chronic diseases. Recreational physical activity is important to reduce obesity, and the risk of osteoporosis and of cancer, most significantly in men that of colon and prostate, and in women that of the breast; however, not all malignancies are reduced as outdoor recreation has been linked to a higher risk of melanoma. Extreme adventure recreation naturally carries its own hazards. Recreation as a career A recreation specialist would be expected to meet the recreational needs of a community or assigned interest group. Educational institutions offer courses that lead to a degree as a Bachelor of Arts in recreation management. People with such degrees often work in parks and recreation clubs in towns, on community projects and activities. Networking with instructors, budgeting, and evaluation of continuing programs are common job duties. In the United States, most states have a professional organization for continuing education and certification in recreation management. The National Recreation and Park Association administer a certification program called the CPRP (Certified Park and ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…TOPIC JUSTIFICATION
- 10. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 10 Recreation Professional) that is considered a national standard for professional recreation specialist practices. Need For The Topic Sports have been given secondary importance and are quite a neglected aspect, particularly in huge metropolitan cities. This is due to the lack of sufficient and proper facilities and due to the hectic lives that we all are living. Increase in migration rate causes overcrowding and reduction in open spaces. There is an acute shortage of playing facilities. Reasons behind this are: Encroachment of civilization which have robbed us of our natural playing fields. Shortages of funds as the people have still not realized the importance of sports in their lives and hence no initiative is taken by them. While other countries have progressed by leaps and bounds, Indian sports are still far behind. Even growing commercial centers like Thane don’t have facilities for competitions along with training facilities which is absolutely necessary. There are few sports clubs but restricted only to a chosen few as these are commercial clubs. Talented younger generation has to remain satisfied within the building courtyards. Amidst the mushrooming concrete jungle, a place like a RECREATION CLUB would cater to an important aspect of human life. It would open the door to another dimension of the metropolis man, so respectfully ignored and neglected by majority. In cities we have a lot of talented youngsters but the facilities are lacking at that level. A lot of talent is present in the junior and sub-junior level. They are our future and we should promote the games at these levels, in order to spot talent. The design of sporting installations is a fascinating challenge which often leads to the creation of magnificent works that typically combine pragmatism and aesthetics. The diversity of these works is a direct consequence of the evolution of sport which has led to the replacement of artistic academism by innovative ideas and new forms, even though there are still certain common aspects which have become the distinguishing features of the typology known as SPORTS ARCHITECTURE. The public nature of a RECREATION CLUB is a direct consequence of a view of sporting activity as a pleasant social activity and an effective means of promoting interpersonal communication. Its designing would involve not only spatial design but also the structural design is given equal weightage. Another aspect which the architect has to consider is the various services involved. Therefore in dealing with a RECREATION CLUB as a design dissertation topic, scope for architectural ability along with applied sciences like services is present. Aims & objectives URBAN: City level CATALYST: An event or thing causing a change. Thus, the main aim of the project is to introduce urban catalysts within the fabric of the place. In saying that the idea is to provide people with more interaction platforms before mankind completely loses the ability to communicate with one another. The thesis aims at understanding a particular space of existence in its entirety. With this understanding in mind, it then looks to provide a sensitized plan of action taking into consideration the stake holders amongst the local communities, interaction amongst its ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…TOPIC JUSTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…TOPIC JUSTIFICATION
- 11. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 11 surrounding landscape along with the daily nuances of the individual localities. An attempt has been made to counter three major concerns: Providing for interaction spaces for people in neighbourhood.as time moves people are getting more and more busy with their lifes.giving them a reason to celebrate life’ Providing for the open spaces lost in a neighborhood that is constantly getting denser. The adjoining cityscape has been getting denser owing to the increased commercial activities. The connectivity it offers through the rail-road network has led to the increased congestion & a denser neighborhood. Resolving the urban conflict between the Infrastructural Development & the Local Community. The issue needs to be addressed keeping not just the development factor in mind but also paying heed to the daily needs of the local community. Scope & limitation THANE spans the east and west, antiquity to modernity, it is rich and poor, high rise and slum, and has offices and malls sharing common compounds in new interpretations of space. The transformation of Indian life that has occurred in the past few decades can be well interpreted here. There are unlimited opportunities to present in THANE. Be it the history, the culture, prominent location; the SUBURB has the right ingredients which are waiting to be explored and presented in the right gourmet. Evolution of sports and recreation Activities of the present are the ones being inherited from our ancestors and being modified from time to time. Before civilization had ushered into the historic arena and before the onset of the machine age, man led a hard and robust life in contrast to the soft and luxurious life of today the hard work for surviving done by the primitives contributed to the physical perfection and there was no necessity for organized system to physical education With the advancement of the civilization, physical degradation took place because of less exertion in the machine age life. Thus, the need is felt for body developement.human body has not indeed and cannot have altered greatly. Habits and living have altered beyond recognition and the strain of modern life needs correction, if balance is to be presser end and true functions of life acchieved.hence the need for an organized system of physical education is needed to compensate the loss sustained by man.the desire to pay is one of the strongest instincts of the human race.it is the easiest way to express to one’s natural emotions. Even the king displayed their hammer throwing power with a blacks tossed great stones like present day .open spaces are essential for living. Encroachment of civilization has robbed us of our natural play fields and grounds. Towns had central open spaces between clusters of houses for gains and to be express their playing instincts which are essential and inherent.disapperewance of gardens has largely been the construction of factories and houses Different kinds of sports and open spaces are both very important in the life and welfare of mankind, today people flock to watch matches not because they do not wish to play but to satisfy these instincts of facilities keep them away from their love for sports. They love sports and derive benefits from open air excitement, tensing of muscles as they watch and cheer makes them use their lungs. Millions years for open spaces and weekend holidays. What they really have is an urge to go back to nature and so people love seeing outdoor sports ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…TOPIC JUSTIFICATION
- 12. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 12 Thus sports filed provide fresh air and act as communal center. They therefore are nation assists Thus they are not just Victorian parks with bands or well-equipped recreation club but place designed for recreation with people with people instruct, supervise and improve physical fitness of people and encourage them with knowledge Due to acute shortage of genuine playing facilities and management, the sporting talent of the youngsters is more or less getting suppressed Lack of sporting facilities may divert the talent energies of the youth to unsalutory activities, Sports and games have very important role in the growth and development of mind and body.it also provide a ladder of fulfillment and success to youngsters who may otherwise be crowded in uncomfortable housing or tempted to a wayward life on the streets Hence, the need for an organized system physical education is needed to compensate the loss sustained by man People all over the world are showing kin interest in the international sporting events like the Olympics Asian games and commonwealth games winning medals in such events has become a prestige issue for both individuals and nation Different kinds of sports and open spaces are both very important in the life and welfare of mankind.today,people flock to watch matches not because they do not wish to play but to satisfy their instincts Contribute to grater fitness, better health and sense of personal well being Plays a vital part in rounded education for children Generates large sums of money for national economics Provides a large number of jobs Promotes and enhances standing in the world Present day standards of an international competition demand high degree of technical skills for precious time and sequence schedules and affective insulation distribution Many of today’s sports recognized events are necessarily held indoors The covering provides protection to the spectrum from both rain and sunlight Sport, even when its cost are considered gives far more than it consumers Today, epic revolution in sports has radically changed the sports movement The sports council believes the investment in sports and recreation is worthwhile In hard times as well as in good Thus there is a need to establish a hierarchy in sports education and admiration at national state, regional and district level Sports and sporting activities The advancement of science and technology is providing more and more leisure time to people all over the world and hence they are taking to sports and games at scale unseen ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…TOPIC JUSTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…TOPIC JUSTIFICATION
- 13. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 13 in past. More and more games are being internationalized. The number of inter-national sporting events is increasing .people all over the world are showing a keener interest in the international sporting events like the Olympics, Asian games and commonwealth games and winning medals in such evens has become a prestige issue for both individuals and nations. INTERACTION AND IMPORTANCE Social interaction is the process by which we act and react to those around us. In a nutshell, social interaction includes those acts people perform toward each other and the responses they give in return. Social interaction includes a large number of behaviors so many that in sociology interaction is usually divided into three categories. The solution Interaction in public spaces is an old tradition and needs to be policy of contemporary cities. A good city should have a good community life. Urbanized centers world over have a tendency to create individual spaces and gated communities which result in aloofness, loneliness and depressed lifestyles. Sense of community fades and individualism takes over. According to urbanologist Jan Gehl when the city whole heartedly invites to walk, stand and sit in the city’s common space a new urban pattern emerges: more people walk and stay in the city. We need to design cities as meeting places — for small events and larger perspectives. City designers need to set the stage for necessary activities like walking, optional activities like enjoying a view and social activities like tempting public interaction. Public institutions tempt public interaction and greatly enhance and consolidate social, cultural and community aspirations. Historically public institutions like libraries, cultural centers, theatres, planned squares and chowks, etc. have led to significant movements, demonstrations and alternate thinking. For now and for the future it is necessary to establish public institutions to contribute and enrich the life of all the people in the city and facilitate growth of public engagement and knowledge for human development. By building public spaces we weave psychological and intellectual growth into a comprehensive physical plan while bringing substance to the notion of public realm. The Importance Active and passive recreational opportunity.
- 14. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 14 Natural features and spaces important to defining community image and distinctive character. Boundaries between incompatible uses and breaks from continuous development. They can shape land use patterns to promote more compact, efficient-to-service development. Places for facilities, such as zoos, aquariums, cultural and historical sites, and community centers that contribute educational and cultural benefits. Opportunity to prevent youth crime through park and recreation programs that offer social support from adult leaders; leadership opportunities for youth; intensive and individualized attention to participants; a sense of group belonging; youth input into program decisions; and opportunities for community services. Healthy lifestyles enhancement by facilitating improvements in physical fitness through exercise, and also by facilitating positive emotional, intellectual, and social experiences. Historic preservation opportunities to remind people of what they once were, who they are, what they are, and where they are. RESEARCH Sequence of design All design are being set out from the flowing determination factor Pitch/central area. The starting point of design is the central area or the playing field, its shape, dimensions and orientation must enable it to fulfill all the functions required of it ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………INTERACTION AND IMPORTANCE
- 15. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 15 Seating capacity. If the pitch is of variable enter for very different activities then the design capacity should be stated as we figure The numbers of seats around the maximum pitch size, and the maximum capacity around the smallest space user. The stadium owner will have a very strong view on seating capacity as this form the basis of their profitability calculation Orientation. Pitch orientation must he suitable for the event to be shaped The orientation of the playing field will depend on the uses to which it will put to, the main factor being The hemisphere in which the recreation club located The period of the year in which the designed sports will be played Zoning .finally a discipline for the arrangement of all the element of the stadium ,from the pitch at the center for the parking space outside is ,provide by the need for safety zone Having set orientation the next priority is to plan the position of the stadium of the site, and to start thinking about the interrelationship its major parts, and this is best done by identifying the four zones which make up the safety plans. The size and the location of these zones are critical to the performance tot the stadium in all emergencies, and they are Zone1 the activity area that is the control area /or pitch on which the games takes place Zone 2 the spectator terrace and concourse surroundings the activity area Zone 3 the circulation area surrounding the stadium structure and separating it from the parking Zone 4 the open space outside the perimeter fence and separating it from the car parking The purpose of such zoning is to allow spectators to escape from the seats, in an emergency to a series of interdict safety zones leading ultimately to place of permanent safety outside .it provide a clear and helpful framework for design not only from new stadia but also for refurbishment of existing facilities Evolution of design As a project under consideration includes the number of activities or function, which has little scope for flexibility in most of the designing concept, applied is of form follows function The playing arena ,which is the defining factor of a stadium itself, is defined by the regulation and standards stipulated for the individual sports considered for playing in stadiums The spectator seating depending on the calculated or estimated capacity of spectator expected during a large tournament is provided all around the arena The stadium being massive structure occupying the vast portion of the site including the parking area was designed first and then was followed by the other forms of structure Energy efficiency Since various service such as toilets, changing rooms, ventilation plant rooms,etc.need fresh air they are placed along the periphery of the stadium thus saving the energy expenditure Since the aim of the project is to promote interaction between the people themselves, between the public and sport person and most importantly to arouse and encourage new interest in the visitors, informal interaction spaces have been introduced in the design and in a manner so as to least obstruct or disturb the game going in on there ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 16. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 16 Promotion of sports The Government plays a major role in promoting and developing sports in a country. The Government and Governmental organizations constitute the Public Sector of the sports industry which is responsible for making sports policies, allocating funds for developing infrastructure, nurturing talents, designing specialized programmers like dope control etc. The Planning Commission of India estimates that the country will be the home of approximately 510 million people of the age group of 15 to 35 years by 2016. The role of Government, therefore, is extremely important in providing participation opportunities to the youth of India for the overall development of sports. 1982 was a landmark year in Indian sports when India organized the Asian Games. Prior to 1982, hardly any emphasis had been given to sports in Public Policies. Funds had been allocated to sports in different Five Year Plans, mainly for building infrastructure and nurturing talents at the grass root level. Five Year PlansThrust Areas 2nd Five Year Plan - Developing sports infrastructure 3rd Five Year Plan - Grass root developmental activities 4th Five Year Plan - Grass root developmental activities 5th Five Year Plan - Carried forward the initiatives of 4th Five Year Plan 6th Five Year Plan - Selecting and nurturing young sporting talents across the country 7th Five Year Plan - Building sports infrastructure at the grass root level 8th Five Year Plan - Consolidating the initiatives adopted in the 7th Five Year Plan by introducing a number of schemes, such as Special Area Games (SAG), Sports Project Development Area Centers (SPDA etc.) 9th Five Year Plan - Developing sports talents 10th Five Year Plan - Making the Comprehensive Sports Policy with three main objectives: “Sports for All”, “Excellence in Sports” and “Contingent Constitutional, Legal and Institutional measures to implement the policy”. An increase in allocation of funds for Sports in different Five Year Plans can be observed from the following table: Five Year Plans Allocation (INR million) Sixth Five Year Plan (1980- 1985) 270 million Seventh Five Year Plan (1985- 1989) 2,070 million Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997) 2,100 million Ninth Five Year Plan (1997- 2002) 4,730 million Tenth Five Year Plan (2002- 2007) 11,450 million Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) 46,360 million In spite of a significant increase in the allocation of fund, it is important to note that not more than one percent of total budget is allocated to sports. Hence, there is a scope of improvement in terms of fund allocation for the promotion and development of sports in this country. Considering the developmental aspect of sports, the Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA) had been introduced to generate sports culture at the grass root level. The objectives of the scheme are to provide sports infrastructure/ equipment’s at the Panchayat level and to encourage youth in rural areas to participate in sports. Various competitions are organized from block level to national level to achieve these objectives. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 17. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 17 Rs. 1,500 crore has been approved by the Planning Commission for this project in the 11th Five Year Plan and a budgetary allocation of Rs. 92 crore was provided in the scheme for 2008-09 while Rs. 160 crore was provided for 2009-10. The effectiveness of these initiatives should be evaluated on the basis of the success of Indian athletes at the international level. It is relevant to mention that the result is not enough convincing. Therefore, a few recommendations can be made for making the system more effective. Recommendations The allocation of funds to sport, as a percentage of budgets, can be increased for broad- basing sports in this country. Periodic evaluation of various projects initiated by the Government and Governmental organizations for making those initiatives more effective. Integration of sports with education to introduce sports culture in India. Sports is a state subject and therefore uniformity in sports specific activities of various states in India is extremely important for providing equal sporting opportunities to all the citizens of the country. A structure of good governance should be incorporated to make the system transparent and accountable. Sepp Blatter, the President of FIFA, once said that India is a sleeping giant in football. The same is applicable for any other discipline of sports. Considering the social impact of sports and the enormous potential of this country, we may expect that the Government will play a pro-active role in making India a sporting nation. Need of combining conventional sports with leisure sports sports always are played professional some sports are looked upon as in leisure activity .by combining sports like pools,tennis,bowling,skating with conventional sports help in creating enthusiasm are liking for sports. Large masses of people are attracted towards such sports center Main problem faced by sports complex is lack of recreational facilitites.fusion of conventional sports will serve as recreational place to some extent. Even though sports complex helps the professionals, normal man also has a right to experience them. Usually stadiums are built as a venue for the championships, later whole year they are vacant and deserted so as leisure games provided in the sports center it will attracts residential people in the vanity of the complex, more over it funds the complex and help in maintenance recreational sports would help in preparing a child or a person professionaly,which is neglected aspects of India Today most of the people go to the health clubs for entertainment leisure. Thus the conventional sports play an important role in day to day life of the people .regular workout during the days keeps us refreshing .huge amount of teenagers want or just move out at recreational places like bowling alleys, pool points moreover the indoor stadium provided is true sayings Olympics standards an can be a venue for hosting national and international games this adds facilities Leisure sports are rapidly expanding market promising immense growth potential for investment and to expand Indian market. Recently in Mumbai at lower parel ,co bowling company has set open a bowling alley ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 18. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 18 People are becoming westernized, thus there is a need for combing leisure sports with conventional sports. Now here in Mumbai there is a fusion of these sports The leisure activities of a society keep evolving over time. Earlier leisure was related to religious events, festivals and family gathering .now that here have loosened the string held over the urban population other leisure activities rush into take place Scales of provisions Good toilet provision is intrinsic to a venue image while inadequate provision, uneven distribution and poor quality are major sources of complaint from spectators. insufficient toilets or urinals to meet the needs of large crowds of fans can also lead to misuse of the facilities, offending and driving away potential visitors and club members, thus reducing stadium revenue There are two separate design problem to he addressed The proportion of male to female spectators who will be using the toilets The intensive use of toilets in very short periods of time. Males to female ratio Every type of event or club membership, will have its own ratio of male to female spectators for instance If a stadium is designed for multipurpose use including concerts, then the male: female ratio will approach 1:1 Tennis or athletics clubs or events will have higher proportion of woman than will soccer or rugby Clubs with high family memberships will usually have above average proportion of females Higher status clubs, and clubs in pleasant parts of town, will tend to have higher proportion of woman than those with basic image environment At particular event there may also be different gender mixes in different parts of stadium There will be higher proportion of woman in the private or family enclosure of British football stadia than in the standing terraces There will be higher proportion of woman among the home supporters at the European football match than among the way supporters On the basis of the above data gender mix should be reflected in the proportion of toilets provided for that event ,organized clubs keep of the male/female split for particular occasions and such clubs records are the only reliable source of briefing information for new stadium design In view of the variation of the male/female ratio from the event sonic flexibility should be built into toilet provision. movable partitions and defended section which can be labeled either male or female for particular event are two possibilities .there solution may see an extranvangece, but the problems of inadequate provision and customer dissatisfaction are so great in stadium design that all possible solution must be considered in the interest of attracting more spectators Toilet provisions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 19. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 19 Each recreational facility will provide the number of toilets, showers or lavatories or fraction thereof as cited in Tables I-IV of the appendix, and such facilities will be maintained clean, sanitary, well-lighted and in good repair; Hand washing facilities will be adjacent to toilet facilities and urinals; Potable hot and cold running water will be provided at all showers and lavatories unless a variance has been granted; Approved hand cleaner and approved hand drying facilities will be provided at all lavatories unless a variance has been granted; Proper ventilation will be provided; Location of toilets The use area should be sloped 1.5 percent maximum to drain. The toilet facility should be located in a convenient location, near the picnic sites. A recommended distance is within 300 feet of the parking area. Picnic sites shall meet or exceed the minimum accessible scoping requirement. Accessible picnic sites shall be dispersed throughout the area at several preferred locations, including under trees or shade shelters, in sun, near water or preferred sight lines, etc. Accessible picnic sites should include any features offered within other picnic sites. Number of application in toilet Office washrooms (female toilet) Minimum scale of provision of sanitary appliances for staff toilets in offices, shops, factories and other non-domestic premises used as place of work. Number of persons at work Number of WCs Number of washbasins 1 to 5 1 1 6 to 15 2 2 16 to 30 3 3 31 to 45 4 4 46 to 60 5 5 61 to 75 6 6 76 to 90 7 7 91 to 100 8 8 Above 100 persons require: 8, plus 1 WC and washbasin for every unit or fraction of a unit of 25 persons. Office washrooms (male toilet) Every male toilet should have at least one WC. Considerations should be given to the provision of privacy screens between urinals. Number of persons at work Number of WCs Number of urinals Number of washbasins 1 to 15 1 1 1 16 to 30 2 1 2 31 to 45 2 2 2 46 to 60 3 2 3 61 to 75 3 3 3 76 to 90 4 3 4 91 to 100 4 4 4 Above 100 persons require: 4, plus 1 WC and washbasin for every unit or fraction of a unit of 50 persons. shops Minimum provision of sanitary appliances for customer toilets in shops and shopping centers with a retail area in excess of 1,000 m2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 20. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 20 Sanitary appliance Male customers Female customers WC 1 per 500 males; plus 1 per every additional 1,000 males or part thereof Where urinals are not used, WC numbers to be half of those used for females 1 per 100 females up to 500, plus 1 per every additional 200 females or part thereof Urinal 2 for up to 500 males, plus 1 for every additional 500 males or part thereof N/A Washbasin 1 per WC, plus 1 per 5 urinals or part thereof 1, plus 1 per 2 WCs or part thereof Sports and entertainment venues Minimum provision of sanitary appliances for assembly buildings where most toilet use is during intervals. For example, theatres, cinemas, concert halls, sports stadiums and similar buildings. Sanitary appliance Male visitors Female visitors WC 2 for up to 250 males; plus 1 for every additional 250 males or part thereof 2 for up to 20 females; plus 1 for every additional 20 females or part thereof up to 500 females; and 1 per 25 females or part thereof over 500 females Urinal 2 for up to 50 males; plus 1 for every additional 50 males or part thereof N/A Washbasins 1 per WC and in addition, 1 per 5 urinals or part thereof 1, plus 1 per 2 WCs or part thereof Minimum provision of sanitary appliances for assembly buildings where toilet use is NOT concentrated during intervals. For example, exhibition centers, libraries, museums and similar buildings. WC 1 per 250 males; plus 1 for every additional 500 males or part thereof Male WC provision should be half female WC provision where urinals are not used 2 for up to 40 females; 3 for up to 70 females; 4 for up to 100 females; plus 1 for every additional 50 females or part thereof Urinal 1 per 50 males up to 100 males; plus 1 for every additional 100 males or part thereof N/A Washbasin 1 per WC and in addition, 1 per 5 urinals or part thereof 1, plus 1 per 2 WCs or part thereof Restaurant & food courts Minimum provision of sanitary appliances for restaurants and other places where seating is provided for eating and drinking. Sanitary appliance Male customers Female customers WC 2 for up to 150 males; plus 1 for every additional 250 males or part thereof 2 for up to 30 females; plus 1 for every additional 30 females up to 120, plus 1 for ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 21. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 21 2 for up to 50 males if urinals are not provided every additional 60 females or part thereof Urinal 1 per 60 males or part thereof up to 120 males; plus 1 for every additional 100 males or part thereof N/A Washbasin 1 per WC, plus 1 per 5 urinals or part thereof 1 per WC Pubs, bars & nightclubs Minimum provision of sanitary appliances for licensed pubs, bars, nightclubs, and discotheques. Sanitary appliance Male customers Female customers WC 2 for up to 150 males; plus 1 for every additional 200 males or part thereof2 for up to 40 males if urinals are not provided 2 for up to 25 females; plus 1 for every additional 25 females or part thereof up to 200 females; plus 1 for every additional 35 females or part thereof Urinal 1 for every 50 males up to 200 males; plus 1 for every additional 70 males or part thereof N/A Washbasin 1 per WC, plus 1 per 5 urinals or part thereof 1, plus 1 per 2 WCs or part thereof Swimming pool Minimum provision of sanitary appliances for swimming pools. Sanitary appliance Male pool users Female pool users WC 2 for up to 100 males; plus 1 for every additional 100 males or part thereof 1 per 5 females up to 50 females; plus 1 for every additional 10 females or part thereof up to 100 females; plus 1 per 50 females or part thereof thereafter Urinal 1 per 20 males up to 100; and 1 per 80 males or part thereof N/A Washbasin 1 per WC, plus 1 per 5 urinals or part thereof 1, plus 1 per 2 WCs or part thereof Shower 1 per 10 males or part thereof 1 per 10 females or part thereof Spectator seating TipUp smart Ultimate seating comfort at a favorable price-performance ratio. The TipUp smart connects modern, filigree design with exceptional stability. It is also available in an upholstered business version. This seat also fits perfect to our product family “Copacabana”. Copacabana Copacabana is a soft and comfortable seat made of high ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 22. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 22 level molding technology which absorbs mechanical forces in use. Copacabana was created together with the famous international designer Marting Ballendat and is a symbiosis of perfect design and solid construction. Therefore it rewarded an “Honorable Mention” at the Red Dot Product Design Award 2011, the if product design award 2012 and the nomination for the German Design Award 2013. The Copacabana family includes a seating shell, a tip up seat, a business seat and a VIP seat. Champion Deluxe A VIP-seat of its own class. This chair with a slender silhouette and headrest offers first-class seating comfort. Embroidered club or sponsor logos make it an unmistakable, unique seat. Options like cup holders and a storage bag on the backrest ensure even more comfort. Champion Deluxe is also available with leather covered side parts. Franken Compact The classic among VIP seats. FRANKEN offers first- class seating comfort in VIP areas all over the world. Franken VIP has an extra-large seat pan, additional plastic covers for protection and steel oval side tubes to reduce risk of injury. The compact version is more versatile so there are no losses concerning seating comfort even if the step depth is limited. Bamberg and Krefeld Bamberg and Krefeld are the perfect combination of ergonomically designed perforated steel, durable construction and patented folding mechanism using its own weight. Bamberg and Krefeld seating has a maintenance-free pivot spring mechanism, which is integrated in the frame. Bamberg and Krefeld are suitable for indoor and outdoor areas and by the filigree appearance the robust characteristics are elegantly concealed. Types and materials Normally, seat frames are manufactured from steel, which is then galvanized or thermoplastic-coated to provide protection against corrosion and wear. Seats and backs may be injection-molded or upholstered, and be fixed to the horizontal or vertical part of the stepped banking using a variety of mechanical fixings. Once installed, these seats should be virtually maintenance free for a number of years. There are also telescopic seating platform systems, which are designed for use in multi-purpose arenas. They consist of banks of tiered seating which can be opened or closed at the touch of a button. These systems also feature refined levels of finishing and may include guardrails, aisle lights, row numbers and aisle letters. There are also mobile versions, which can be moved On wheels and stored in a separate location. In the USA, stadium and arena seating is often fully upholstered and is intended to improve spectator comfort. This level of comfort has also made its way into some stadiums in Europe. Innovative designs based on good ergonomic foundations can provide the individual with the perception of long-term comfort. This is a useful advantage when some sports require the spectator to remain sitting for long periods. Foam-based seating needs to remain resilient throughout the seat’s life and ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 23. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 23 should not significantly lose its thickness or hardness. Ventilation of the upholstery is also important, together with a cover that remains intact during service, thus preventing absorption and subsequent hygiene problems. Some of these aspects will be covered by the standards listed above. However, in many cases, additional testing may be required to show that a claim is justified. Flammability In addition, flammability requirements will need to be addressed. In the UK, the operator of the building is responsible for fire safety (Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) order 2005). The appropriate tests depend on the risk assessments of the facility undertaken by the operator of the building. Whole item testing is often the most appropriate way of testing these types of products, and BS 5852:2006 section 12 provides test methods for a variety of ignition sources, including cigarette, match and cribs. Professional organizations may have their own specifications and requirements. For instance, seating for football events must comply with FIFA (and, in Europe, UEFA) regulations. Elements of car parking Public parking Private parking Buses coaches Motorcycles and bicycles Players parking’ Official parking Media parking Services and deliveries Parking description The growing population of India has created many problems – one of the challenging ones being car parking which we confront almost every day. Besides the problem of space for cars moving on the road, greater is the problem of space for a parked vehicle considering that private vehicles remain parked for most of their time. Roads are being built for cars to ply but are we also giving the vehicles enough space to park. Parking is one of the major problems that are created by the increasing road track. It is an impact of transport development. The availability of less space in urban areas has increased the demand for parking space especially in areas like Central business district. Parking statistics Parking accumulation It is defined as the number of vehicles parked at a given instant of time. Normally this is expressed by accumulation curve. Accumulation curve is the graph obtained by plotting the number of bays occupied with respect to time. Parking volume parking volume is the total number of vehicles parked at a given duration of time. This does not account for repetition of vehicles. Parking load parking load gives the area under the accumulation curve. It can also be obtained by simply multiplying the number of vehicles occupying the parking area at each time interval with the time interval. It is expressed as vehicle hours. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 24. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 24 Average parking duration it is the ratio of total vehicle hours to the number of vehicles parked. Parking turnover it is the ratio of number of vehicles parked in duration to the number of parking bays. This can be expressed as number of vehicles per bay per time duration. Parking index parking index is also called occupancy or efficiency. It is defined as the ratio of number of bays occupied in time duration to the total space available. It gives an aggregate measure of how effectively the parking space is utilized. Parking index can be found out as follows Parking index = parking load/parking capacity × 100 Effects of parking Parking has some effects like congestion, accidents, pollution, obstruction to fire-fighting operations etc. Congestion Parking takes considerable street space leading to the lowering of the road capacity. Hence, speed will be reduced; journey time and delay will also subsequently increase. The operational cost of the vehicle increases leading to great economical loss to the community. Accidents Careless manoeuvring of parking and unparking leads to accidents which are referred to as parking accidents. Common type of parking accidents occur while driving out a car from the parking area, careless opening of the doors of parked cars, and while bringing in the vehicle to the parking lot for parking. Environmental pollution they also cause pollution to the environment because stopping and starting of vehicles while parking and unparking results in noise and fumes. They also aced the aesthetic beauty of the buildings because a car parked at every available space creates a feeling that building rises from a plinth of cars. Obstruction to fire fighting operations Parked vehicles may obstruct the movement of fire fighting vehicles. Sometimes they block access to hydrants and access to buildings. Types of Parking On street parking On street parking means the vehicles are parked on the sides of the street itself. This will be usually controlled by government agencies itself. Common types of on-street parking are as listed below. As per IRC the standard dimensions of a car is taken as 5× 2.5 m and that for a truck is 3.75× 7.5 m. Off street parking Off street parking means vehicles are parked off the street itself. This will be usually controlled by commercial agencies itself. Parallel parking The vehicles are parked along the length of the road. Here there is no backward movement involved while parking or UN parking the vehicle. Hence, it is the safest parking from the accident ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 25. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 25 perspective. However, it consumes the maximum curb length and therefore only a minimum number of vehicles can be parked for a given kerbed length. This method of parking produces least obstruction to the on-going track on the road since least road width is used. 30 degree parking In thirty degree parking, the vehicles are parked at 30 with respect to the round alignment. In this case, more vehicles can be parked compared to parallel parking. Also there is better manoeuvre-ability. Delay caused to the track is also minimum in this type of parking. 45 degree parking As the angle of parking increases, more number of vehicles can be parked. Hence compared to parallel parking and thirty degree parking, more number of vehicles can be accommodated in this type of parking. 60 degree parking The vehicles are parked at 60 to the direction of road. More number of vehicles can be accommodated in this parking type. Right angle parking In right angle parking or 90parking, the vehicles are parked perpendicular to the direction of the road. Although it consumes maximum width kerbed length required is very little. In this type of parking, the vehicles need complex manoeuvring and this may cause severe accidents. This arrangement causes obstruction to the road track particularly if the road width is less. However, it can accommodate maximum number of vehicles for a given kerbed length. Multiple Level Car Parking It is a building (or part there hereof) which is designed specifically to be for Automobile Parking and where there are a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 26. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 26 Is essentially a Stacked Car Park “Multilevel Car Park” – Term Originated in UK, in US it is called a “Parking Structure” Types Manually operated (non mechanized-with ramps) Mechanized (Classified in different type based on technology) Mini Puzzle Tower In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities and towns must develop their infrastructure. One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximize car parking capacity by utilizing vertical space, rather than expand horizontally. With land in metros and ‘a’ grade cities becoming scarce and dearer, and plots getting smaller, conventional parking is proving infeasible. Salient Features Dynamic peak hour management to configure the system in line with the demand pattern. Intelligent buffering system offering zero wait time for the public. Flexible, scalable and modular design to accommodate wide range of layout and capacities and offers seamless capacity addition. Simple design by the way of electrical push pulls mechanism with direct drives. Use of electrical drives to optimize power consumption. Intelligent emergency management system via. Manual override option. Advantages Space effective – space savings upwards of 70 percent. Freeing the space at ground level for better commercial use. Reduced total cost of ownership. Environmental friendly as ramps are avoided. Higher throughput and faster operations (capability to handle 40 to 60 cars an hour) Advance Studies Relevance Of Electives Land and interior design were the two areas of advanced studies chosen by the author. Landscape A club building is very different from other buildings in the sense that it does not offer any functional service in the prevalent sense of the word. What it offers instead is a sense of joy fitness and wellbeing. One has to plan experience and expectations while planning a club building. While planning the user psychological state. One cannot stop with a small area called the built mass that is the building, for it consists only a part of the whole experience of the user. The planning has then to be extended to the whole site area. Further Indian climate is suitable for outdoor planning. The club has more attendance during evenings and members have a tendency to enjoy outdoor surroundings. That is why has given specific stress in landscape detailing and tried to integrate it with the built mass as far as possible. Interior Design ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 27. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 27 The reason for choosing interior design as a topic of advanced studies arise from the same philosophy that only provision of any facility is not sufficient while planning a club building. What is more important instead of what type of atmosphere that activity and the area assigned to it produces. Though the placement of various areas had already explorer this aspect of visual connection between two areas nevertheless while designing the interior, aesthetical considerations were sole deciding factors sometimes. Overall Finding And Proposals Interior of Restaurant The following guidelines are followed to make environment of restaurant make delightful and purposeful: Every table gives a close view of either dancing flour or outside surroundings. French window increases the visual area and brings nature more closely. Artificial and natural plants are given in the restaurant to create the inter-penetration of nature inside the hall. To create a royal impression of restaurant by providing innovative artistic features, color, texture and lighting. Lighting- there is dim light in the restaurant living area to reduce the harshness of features and it should be orange brown tone. The food served should look delectable, fortunately most food item fall in orange brown category and so look fine under the dim brown lights meant for people. Contrast color is used insight the restaurant to create dramatic effect. Smooth texture is used by large size of glazed opening and plain plastering with combination of cool and hot colors. Landscaping Of Children’s Playground All equipment should contribute to the healthy growth and recreational enjoyment of the child, so that he learns to coordinate, cooperate, compete, create, enjoy and acquire confidence, playing equipment should- Develop strength ability, coordination, balance and courage. Stimulate the child to learn social skills of sharing and playing with others and to compete in a spirit of fair play. Encourage each child to be creative and have play experience which are meaningful to him. Assist the child in making the transition from playsuit to playground. Site Boundary Planning Site boundary planting can soften the visual impact of the large stadium development on its environment, making the building seem smaller and perhaps less gaunt. Radial access routes can help them find their way and once they are inside and walking towards the stadium, rows of tall trees can similarly help them in. Land Cost ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…RESEARCH
- 28. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 28 Land cost must be kept to the minimum and this is why sports facilities are frequently built on low grade land, such refused tips or reclaimed land that is to poor for residential or industrial use but which may then lead to additional structure cost Local or regional planning legislature must be checked to ensure that the proposed development will be allow in that area METHODOLOGY First – Data from literature regarding behavioral aspect of the buildings was collected. This data was synthesized to select the aspects which could govern inter-relationship of various activities in a club building. Case studies were analyzed in the light of behavioral ‘aspects’, by means of observation and users survey. Inferences were drawn from the case-studies about behavioral pattern of users and their expectations from the space were analyzed. Such inferences were used to chalk-out ‘requirements’ which incorporated behavioral aspects along with functional aspects. Various techniques were explored from literature for producing the desired psychology effect in a space. Climatological data were gathered and analyzed
- 29. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 29 CASE STUDIES Project profile TYPE - RECREATION CLUB LOCATION - Dhokali Naka,Thane West SITE AREA - 13 Acres Scope Of The Project To develop a RECREATION CLUB in thane may will be of national standards & Associated Facilities To create an Ground For Local teams to practice and hold tournaments so that there may be competition Objective To develop the recreation club into one that can provide the required facilities for the training and day to day maintenance of a squad of players who may be able to compete at the national and on international level To provide an arena for the development of sports in the thane district To provide opportunities for the younger generation of players to showcase their skills and be noticed Project Brief To develop a recreation club that can host national events It should have facilities to accommodate the training of a team The facility should be able to re accomodate the present shop keepers inside it To enhance the quality of life of those living in the area, ensure that the ground is integrated into the day-to-day life of its community and thus provide additional financial stability for the facility GARWARE SPORTS CLUB,CHURCHGATE,MUMBAI Project Facts Location: Mumbai, India Architect: shashi prabhu & associates Project Start : 1972 Project End: 1974 Estimated Cost: Rs. 120 crore Details: 18,600 sq.m club with recreation facilities Introduction The Bombay Cricket Association now known as Mumbai Cricket Association is the parent body in organizing Cricket activities in the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 30. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 30 Mumbai city including holding of Ranji Trophy Matches, Test Matches, and One Day International Matches etc. The Mumbai Cricket Association under the President ship of Late Shri.S.K.Wankhede decided to construct stadium and the Club House in the year 1972. The construction of Stadium and Club House was completed in 1974. The Stadium was named as Wankhede Stadium. The Club House was named as BCA Garware Club House and started functioning from December, 1974. The Club House started functioning independently since 1979, as per its Rules, Constitution & Bye-Laws with facilities such as Health Club, Swimming Pool, Billiards, Table Tennis and other facilities like Library, Restaurant, Permit Room and Residential accommodation. Many prominent personalities have become Members of the Garware Club House. The Members of the Garware Club House enjoy witnessing the Test Matches, One Day International Cricket Matches played at Wankhede Stadium Elements & Features Phase - 1 Phase - 2 Restaurant – 2nos with 150/120 capacity Billiards – 5 tables Swimming pool Carom & chess – 4/4 tables Rooms/suites – 58 rooms and 5 suites Pool table – 5 tables Banquet hall for functions/parties – 800 pax Squash – 3 courts Card room – 104 capacity Table tennis – 5 tables Bar – 2nos with 130/132 capacity Tennis – 1nos Unisex gym & health club – male and female Virtual golf – 3nos Business centre – 2nos with 16/4 capacity Kids area Observation The facade of the building is clad in blend of Aluminum Composite Panels, Glass and UPVC Louvers which are intentionally designed to make the building look lighter and sleeker due to limited available foreground. The concentric rings fabricated in ACP are aesthetically set within UPVC louvered background. These louvers creatively hide the plumbing and ventilation services from the front of the building. An ornamental staircase winding within a glass enclosure on the lower corner of the main entrance beautifully balances the heavy metal mass above and provides the necessary ventilation for the toilet shafts. Although the contemporary design stands out in complete contract to the art deco buildings in the surrounding area, it places beautifully as a foreground to the modern mass of Wankhede Stadium, which was recently renovated as part of the complex. The roof canopy not only hides the structural support for the guided rail system for facade maintenance but also acts as a wind barrier for the tennis court. As one walks into the club side of the building, one enters an imposing double height atrium space which is adorned with a flowing mural, cast in fiber reinforce plastic. The petals of this mural envelope the entire wall which balance the attention from the shiny three brass clad elevators on one end of the building to the sunken cafeteria overlooking the swimming pool on the other side. Overlooking this area on the first floor is the multi- cuisine restaurant which was designed in a simple style focusing more on the dining experience than the clutter of interior detailing. A provision was also made for the children’s room adjacent to this restaurant to facilitate parents to keep their children within safe protected boundaries while having their meal. Once completed, the building will be a 6-storied structure with a total built up area of almost 200,000 sq.ft. Analysis Of Case Studies Peak time – 4.00 pm to 9.00 pm …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 31. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 31 Peak Days – Thursday, Saturday, Sunday including holidays Population (General) - 500 approx. Population (Maximum) – 2000-2200 Merits A good variety of indoor and outdoor games are available. Extra sit-out is provided by the side of card room, so that the player can enjoy playing in natural environment. 1.5 m wide jogging path is provided around the boundary of the cricket ground. Good parking facility is available Standard size pools are provided which makes them to organize national level competition. In the billiard room, seating arrangement for the spectators is also provided. Glazing is done at the atrium and restaurant zone of the building. One can enjoy the view of cricket sitting inside the building. Natural Lighting is also almost at all the places. The indoor block consists of the paintings on wall and lavish interiors. Separate block is provided for ladies. Placement of Banquet hall and restaurant was done in such a way, to link them at time of rush. Demerits Administration block is situated at quite a distance from the entrance gate to the complex. Lack of maintenance of the courts of outdoor sports. Insufficient rooms are available for lodging. Only Indoor gaming facilities are available, planning is being made to propose for outdoor games and theatre also. The party hall is having only a single entrance and also there is lack of source of ventilation. Ladies activity block is located at far distance from the entrance gate of the complex. Planning is being made to extent the center to some extent photos Main Building Garware Club Swimming area …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES Main building Swimming pool view from exterior and interior
- 32. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 32 Entrance area with lobby and satellite kitchen Card room Reception and entrance lobby Banquet hall
- 33. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 33 Lounge room Restaurant area Squash court area Lodging rooms Changing room and toilet area
- 34. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 34 NATIONAL SPORTS CLUB OF INDIA,WORLI,MUMBAI Project Facts Location: Mumbai, India Architect: shashi prabhu & associates Project Start : 1950 - 1957 Project End: 2004 Estimated Cost: Rs. 300 crore Details: 34,643.75 sq.m club with recreation facilities Introduction The National Sports Club of India is a sprawling institution right in the center of the city, on the beautiful seafront, with a posh frontage & turf lawns, The club has history, associated with the eminent leaders of free India, who with great vision and foresight formulated the policy of promoting games and sports in the country. It was only in the 80's that real spurt took place in improving the facilities & extending sports activities in the club. It initiated setting up facilities for Billiards, Table Tennis, Badminton, Carom and a well-equipped Ladies & Gents Health club along with coaching classes in various games, including judo, Karate & Aerobics. The club has dining and recreational facilities providing high grade restaurants, permit rooms, lounges and a consumer store. Regular film shows on Sunday evenings and two housie sessions every week cater to the leisure activities of the esteemed members. Besides, the club organizes Musical Evenings, Food Festivals & many more... Elements & Features Tennis – 6nos Table tennis – 6nos Swimming- international Health club ladies Health club gents Squash court – 4nos Cards room – 200 capacity Billiards – 5 tables Badminton – 5 nos Housie – 200 capacity Chess – 5tables Carom – 5nos Restaurant – 5nos with 100/150/200/250/300 capacity Bar – 3nos with 150/200/250 capacity Banquets – 1000 pax Permit room – 55 rooms Library – 120 capacity Consumer store Observation It is difficult to miss the Sardar Vallabhai Patel Indoor Stadium, an imposing glass and aluminum clad structure, as one passes the Haji Ali in Worli. The stadium was designed by us to have a 90 mts diameter column less indoor arena surrounded by 16 individual halls which act as ancillary support spaces to this arena. Two of these 16 halls are converted into a sprawling unisex gymnasium, health club and a salon encompassing almost 28,000 sq.ft. Equipment’s and mirror paneling are strategically placed within the gymnasium to provide cardiovascular, strength and weight training to the gym users. A separate enclosed room for aerobics & yoga is placed on one end of the gymnasium to provide a quiet area of the users. The health club is equipped with Steam Room, Sauna Room, Jacuzzi, Massage Rooms and Shower/ Change facilities. Almost 900 lockers provide secured storage to the members. Analysis Of Case Studies Peak time – 4.00 pm to 9.00 pm Peak Days – Thursday, Saturday, Sunday including holidays Population (General) - 1500 approx. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 35. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 35 Population (Maximum) – 6000 Merits A good variety of indoor and outdoor games are available. A variety of tennis court is available, a player can chose as per his liking. Extra sit-out is provided by the side of card room, so that the player can enjoy playing in natural environment. 1.5 m wide jogging path is provided around the boundary of the ground. Standard size pools are provided which makes them to organize national level competition. In the billiard room, seating arrangement for the spectators is also provided. Glazing is done at the atrium and restaurant zone of the building. One can enjoy the view of sports sitting inside the building. Natural Lighting is also almost at all the places. The indoor block consists of the paintings on wall and lavish interiors. Separate block is provided for ladies. Placement of Banquet hall and restaurant was done in such a way, to link them at time of rush. Demerits Administration block is situated at quite a distance from the entrance gate to the complex. Insufficient parking facility Lack of maintenance of the courts of outdoor sports. The party hall is having only a single entrance and also there is lack of source of ventilation. Ladies activity block is located at far distance from the entrance gate of the complex. The swimming pool of the gymkhana is located at some other place from this site. Photos …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 36. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 36 Main building views Theatre area
- 37. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 37 Gym Turf Area Indoor Badminton court area Banquette hall
- 38. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 38 Family Restaurant Locker room Gym area Indoor stadium
- 39. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 39 MCA RECREATION CLUB,BANDRA,MUMBAI Project Facts Location: Mumbai, India Architect: B.G.shirke Project Start : 2002 Project End: 2004 Estimated Cost: Rs. 90 crore Details: 18,650 sq.m club with recreation facilities Introduction The MCA’s Recreation Centre has various elite class facilities including the one exclusive for Mumbai Cricket Association i.e. Indoor Cricket Academy. All spread over land of about 14 acres, covering total construction area of about 90,000 Sq.ft having separate exclusive covered parking of about 1,00,000 Sq.ft at very strategic prime location – The Bandra-Kurla Complex, Bandra, Mumbai. The Mumbai Cricket Association Recreation Centre will remind you of a bygone era of old world hospitality and warm service matched with all the luxuries of contemporary living. Element & Features Billiards- 3 tables Badminton – 3 courts Squash – 3 courts Tennis – 2 courts Gymnasium - separate Steam/sauna - separate Jogging Swimming pool - international Banquet – 1000 capacity Card room – 200 capacity Library – 120 seatings Movie room – 200 capacity Permit rooms – 22 rooms Conference – 3 rooms Indoor cricket area – 7nos Observation The sports facilities at the MCA Indoor Cricket Academy and Recreation Centre are outstanding, probably among the best available in India today. I want to start playing badminton all over again when I see the stunning courts, the likes of which I’ve only seen in international tournaments on television. There are two billiard tables, squash courts, a 3,000 sq.ft gym complete with 12 treadmills, Eco Flex flooring and Techno gym equipment. There’s a half Olympic size pool (and another smaller pool, though buildings overlook both pools and you can forget about privacy); and a card room with a great view of the cricket stadium where a Bombay University practice match is on currently. The Mumbai vs Hyderabad Ranji Trophy match was held here last November. The full-length toughened glass windows at the bar, which shares the same view of the stadium as the card room, were imported from Istanbul and have already been tested by Mohammad Kaif, whose ball apparently hit the glass with zero impact. Analysis of case studies Peak time – 4.00 pm to 9.00 pm Peak Days – Thursday, Saturday, Sunday including holidays Population (General) - 600 approx. Population (Maximum) – 1500 to 2000 approx. Merits A good variety of indoor and outdoor games are available. A variety of tennis court is available, a player can chose as per his liking. Extra sit-out is provided by the side of card room, so that the player can enjoy playing in natural environment. 1.5 m wide jogging path is provided around the boundary of the cricket ground. Good underground parking facility is available International Standard size pools are provided which makes them to organize national level competition. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 40. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 40 In the billiard room, seating arrangement for the spectators is also provided. Glazing is done at the atrium and restaurant zone of the building. One can enjoy the view of cricket sitting inside the building. Natural Lighting is also almost at all the places. The indoor block consists of the paintings on wall and lavish interiors. Separate block is provided for ladies. Placement of Banquet hall and restaurant was done in such a way, to link them at time of rush. Demerits Administration block is situated at quite a distance from the entrance gate to the complex. Lack of maintenance of the courts of outdoor sports. Insufficient rooms are available for lodging. Only Indoor gaming facilities are available, planning is being made to propose for outdoor games and theatre also. The party hall is having only a single entrance and also there is lack of source of ventilation. Ladies activity block is located at far distance from the entrance gate of the complex. The swimming pool of the gymkhana is located at some other place from this site. Planning is being made to extent the center to some extent Photos Swimming pool area Exterior view Viewing gallery Ground view
- 41. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 41 SACHIN TENDULKAR GYMKHANA,KANDIVALI,MUMBAI Project Facts …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES Banquette hall Restaurant Bar Indoor Cricket nets Banquette hall
- 42. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 42 Location: Mumbai, India Architect: shashi prabhu & associates Project Start : 2009 Project End: 2013 Estimated Cost: Rs. 120 crore Details: 9,500 sq.m club with recreation facilities Introduction The club is constructed over 12 acres of land as a Build-Operate-Transfer project by Shirke Infrastructure for Mumbai Cricket Association The facade is cast in basalt stone with GRC molding the club has facilities like 3 restaurants/ lounge/ bar, 16 rooms, Banquet, Gym/ SPA, Bowling Alley etc. Cricket is set to receive a further boost here in the metropolis with the Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA) building a club house at Kandivali in suburban Mumbai - the third in Mumbai after the Garware Club and BKC Club houses. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai has allotted 33,582 square meters of land to the MCA which will be used for holding matches, and hosting cricket tournaments and training Camps. The ground will have two creases. The club will have all facilities - from food court to proper cricket training. The club will be converted into a cricket academy later for the benefit of budding players Real estate observers are of the opinion that property prices are likely to shoot up due to the construction of this club house at Mahavir Nagar in Kandivali Elements & features Billiards – 2 tables Badminton – 3 courts Tennis – 2 courts Gymnasium - common Permit rooms – 16 rooms Swimming pool - common Card room – 75 pax Library – 60 pax Bowling – 3 lane Steam/sauna - separate Conference – 6/15/25 pax Banquet – 350/500/1100 pax Observation The sports facilities at the MCA Recreation Centre are outstanding, probably among the best available in India today. As want to start playing badminton the stunning courts, the likes of which only seen in international tournaments on television. There are two billiard tables, bowling, and gym complete with 12 treadmills, Eco Flex flooring and Techno gym equipment. There’s a half Olympic size pool (and another smaller pool, though buildings overlook both pools and you can forget about privacy); and a card room with a great view of the cricket stadium where a Bombay University practice match is on currently. The full- length toughened glass windows at the bar, which shares the same view of the stadium as the card room, were imported from Istanbul. Analysis of case studies Peak time – 4.00 pm to 9.00 pm Peak Days – Thursday, Saturday, Sunday including holidays Population (General) - 200 approx. Population (Maximum) – 2000-2200 Merits A good variety of indoor and outdoor games are available. A variety of tennis court is available, a player can chose as per his liking. Extra sit-out is provided by the side of card room, so that the player can enjoy playing in natural environment. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 43. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 43 1.5 m wide jogging path is provided around the boundary of the cricket ground. Good underground parking facility is available Standard size pools are provided which makes them to organize national level competition. In the billiard room, seating arrangement for the spectators is also provided. Glazing is done at the atrium and canteen zone of the building. One can enjoy the view of cricket sitting inside the building. Natural Lighting is also almost at all the places. The indoor block consists of the paintings on wall and lavish interiors. Separate block is provided for ladies. Bowling and disco acting point of attraction in the recreation club. Placement of Banquet hall and restaurant was done in such a way, to link them at time of rush. Demerits Administration block is situated at quite a distance from the entrance gate to the complex. Insufficient parking facility Bar and restaurant are provided at the same place Lack of maintenance of the courts of outdoor sports. Insufficient rooms are available for lodging. The party hall is having only a single entrance and also there is lack of source of ventilation. Ladies activity block is located at far distance from the entrance gate of the complex. The swimming pool of the gymkhana is located at some other place from this site. Planning is being made to extent the center to some extent photos …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES Main building
- 44. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 44 Side view Pathways
- 45. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 45 Swimming pool Backyard view Reception view Bowling arena Conference area Cards Room
- 46. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 46 Internet Case Studies San Wayao Recreation club / CSWADI Architects - CSWADI Location - Jin Gui Lu, Wuhou Qu, Chengdu Shi, Sichuan Sheng, China Architect in Charge - Liu YiDesign Area - 11936.0 sqm Project Year – 2015 Introduction From the architect. Located in DongYuan residential district of Chengdu, the site of SanWaYao community sports facilities is surrounded with aged housing, intensive high- rise residential buildings which were built recently and a primary school. Challenging the limited site and building area, designers created an energetic public space in community, offering numerous kinds of sports facilities for people living around including swimming pool, fitness center, tennis court, basketball court, squash court, ping pong table, billiards table, gate ball court, outdoor fitness center , playground for kids and so on. With the aim of producing a friendly sports space, the concept is to make the building and site integrated. Creating a sloping shape of the building by “extruding” and connecting the sports ground on the east with walkable sloping roof lead to a stronger space perception of the building as a public facility. Continuous sloping roof is an open public space with big steps acting as a walking route and bleachers for the east sports ground in the same time. Moreover, lawn roof provides spaces for grass skating, yoga, picnic and more for the community without charging a fee. People could walk slowly up to roof deck on 4th floor along the slope and down through a cantilevered stairway on the north. These form a round route in an “artificial hill” bringing the pleasure of climbing a real mountain into the crowded city town. Multi-function arena on the lawn slope is a pure semitransparent space made of U-shaped glass. It provides tender interior light suitable for various kinds of ball games, group calisthenics, and parties. In the corner of the arena, batter posts replace upright posts in structure which makes the building a floating glow box as a unique sight in community. Photos …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 47. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 47
- 48. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 48 Birkerod Sportsand LeisureCentre /SHL Architects Architects - SHL Architects Location - Bistrupvej, 3460 Birkerod, Denmark Architect - Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects Engeneering - Moe & Brødsgaard Consulting Engineers Client - Birkerød Municipality Area - 9200.0 sqm Project Year – 2008 Introduction From the architect. This newly completed sports and leisure complex has a distinctive, sculptural quality, further enhanced by the building’s essential transparency. The building’s organic curves echo the undulating landscape of its surroundings. The complex is designed to be multi-functional and includes a large multi-purpose hall (2,300 m2) with enough space to accommodate two handball courts with accompanying mobile spectator stands, as well as a V.I.P. lounge. There are two additional smaller allowing the complex to accommodate major sporting events, concerts and other cultural events, as well as school sporting events and small, local sports initiatives requiring more intimate settings. The new center is located adjacent to existing football pitches and the old public swimming baths, both of which have received investment - a new grandstand for the football pitch and larger swimming baths. The building’s façades have been decorated by the Danish artist Astrid Krogh and is an example of the close collaboration between artist and architect that is often to be found in the work of the practice. Black circles form interlinking patterns when the louvers are closed - the translucent cladding bringing a glowing quality to the natural daylight filtering through to the interior spaces. The façades were developed especially for this building project and have since been honored by inclusion in the Danish Ministry of Culture’s Canon for Design and Craft Art. Facade System Designed for the Sports and Leisure Centre in Birkerød in close association with Fiber line Composites (the manufacturers of the materials used), the façade system represents an innovative façade solution, simply constructed of materials characterized by high-strength properties, and presenting an elegant appearance. The structure consists of panels of a composite material, popularly known as glass fiber, which is very strong and can be made to very thin specifications. Moreover the composite can be glued to the glazing without the use of clunky mullions and transoms or the occurrence of friction between glass and frame. In the composite frame, vertical louvers can be drawn to one side, locked into the open or closed position, and so regulate light. And into these louvers, also made of composite material, various elements may be integrated. Photos …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..CASE STUDIES
- 49. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 49
- 50. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 50 COMPARISION OF CASE STUDIES PARTICULARS GARWARE CLUB N.S.C.I. CLUB M.C.A. BANDRA M.C.A. KANDIVALI LOCATION Churchgate,mumbai Worli,mumbai Bandra,mumbai Kandivali,mumbai SITE PLANNING Semi-formal formal Semi-formal formal SITE ZONING Buildings are evolved around a central open space. Buildings are evolved around a central open space. Buildings are evolved around a central open space with smaller courtyards. The Buildings evolved around Rectangular courtyard. ENTRANCE 1. Concrete pathway shaded by trees. 2. Direct entry 1. Concrete pathway 2. Direct entry 1. Paved pathway shaded by trees. 2. Direct entry 1. paved pathway 2. Direct entry PARKING Parking for 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler are segregated at main entrance. Parking for 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler are segregated at main entrance. Parking for 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler are segregated at main entrance. Parking for 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler are segregated at main entrance. OPENSPACES Central open space Central open space Central open space Planned formal open rectangular court. CONNECTIVITY Building is internally connected through central rectangular courtyard. Different buildings of different streams are not connected directly but by pathways and open spaces Buildings are internally well connected to each other and one can access the entire structure through roof. Buildings are internally well connected to each other and one can access the entire structure through roof. RESTAURANT Connected internally through floors Connected internally through floors Connected to the central open courtyard. Connected to the central open courtyard. CIRCULATION Free flowing work spaces with visual contact maintained in open areas Circulation is maintained through ramps and pathways provided between each blocks. Free flowing work spaces with visual contact maintained in open areas Free flowing work spaces with visual contact maintained in open areas LIGHT AND VENTILATION Ample of glass has been provided for light and slits / ventilator have been provided for air flow. Ample of glass has been provided for light and slits / ventilator have been Recessed windows provide protection from the hot sun, while angled windows assure Recessed windows provide protection from the hot sun, while angled windows assure
- 51. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 51 provided for air flow. that maximum light reaches the interiors that maximum light reaches the interiors ADMIN AREA Separate administration block. Separate administration block. Separate administration block. Separate administration block. LIBRARY Library block lacks natural light. Library block lacks natural light. Library block has been provided separately and has ample of light and ventilation. Library block has been provided separately and has ample of light and ventilation. STAIRCASE Staircase is provided with ample of natural light. Staircase is only provided inside the building with inadequate ventilation. Staircase is provided with ample of natural light. Staircase is provided with ample of natural light. BUILDING SERVICES Plumbing runs through ducts and they are concealed and a good concealed wiring. Plumbing runs through ducts and they are concealed and a good concealed wiring. Plumbing runs through ducts and they are concealed and a good concealed wiring. Plumbing runs through ducts and they are concealed and a good concealed wiring. AREA 30 % Open space. 70 % Built Up Area. 50 % Open space. 50 % Built Up Area. 30 % Open space. 70 % Built Up Area. 30 % Open space. 70 % Built Up Area. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Load bearing brick walls with R.C.C framework and coffered R.C.C slab. Siporex brick walls with R.C.C framework and coffered R.C.C slab. Siporex brick walls with R.C.C framework and coffered R.C.C slab. Siporex brick walls with R.C.C framework and coffered R.C.C slab. MATERIAL 1. Glass has been used in each and every room, games area, conference hall, admin area etc. 2.slits has been provided for air flow. Aluminium composite panels 1. Glass has been used in each and every room, games area, conference hall, admin area etc. 2.slits has been provided for air flow. Aluminium composite panels 1.The facade is cast in basalt stone with GRC molding 2. Glass has been used in each and every room; recessed windows admin area etc. and slits have been provided for air flow. 1.The facade is cast in basalt stone with GRC molding 2.Glass has been used in each and every room, recessed windows admin area etc. and slits have been provided for air flow GRC molding ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………COMPARISON OF CASE STUDIES
- 52. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 52
- 53. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 53 SR. NO ACTIVITIES GARWARE CLUB N.S.C.I. CLUB M.C.A. BANDRA M.C.A. KANDIVALI A INDOOR 1 TABLE TENNIS 5 tables 4 tables 3 tables 2 tables 2 TENNIS 1 courts 4 courts 1 courts 2 courts 3 BADMINTON 1 courts 5 courts 1 courts 3 courts 4 SQUASH 3 courts 4 courts 3 courts 2 courts 5 BILLARDS 5 tables 5 tables 5 tables 2 courts 6 CARROM 4 boards 5 boards 3 boards 2 courts 7 CHESS 4 boards 5 boards 3 boards 4 boards 8 BASKET BALL -NIL- 1 court -NIL- -NIL 9 INDOOR CRICKET -NIL- 1 nets 6 nets -NIL 10 GYMASIUM separate separate separate common 11 SWIMMING POOL common common common common 12 YOGA ROOM 1 nos 1 nos 1nos 1nos 13 DANCE 1 nos 1 nos -NIL- -NIL- 14 BOWLING -NIL- -NIL- -NIL- 3 lane B OUTDOOR 1 LAWN TENNIS 1 court 2 courts 4 courts -NIL- 2 BADMINTON -NIL- 1 courts 1 courts -NIL- 3 VOLLEYBALL -NIL- 1 courts 1 court -NIL- 4 KIDS AREA common common common common 5 BASKET BALL -NIL- -NIL- 1 court -NIL- 6 CRICKET GROUND 1 nos -NIL- 1 nos 1 nos 7 SWIMMING POOL 1 nos 2 nos 2 nos 2 nos 8 SKATING 1 nos 1 nos 1 nos 1 nos 9 TURF -NIL- 2 nos 1 nos 1 nos C LEISURE 1 LIBRARY 20 pax 50 pax 80 pax 35 pax 2 CARD ROOM 104 pax 200 pax 150 pax 75 pax 3 BAR 130/132 pax 150/200/250 pax 100/150/200 pax 100/150/200 pax 4 RESTURANT 150/120 pax 100/150/200/ 250 pax 100/150/200 pax 100/150/200 pax 5 BANQUET HALL 800 pax 100/300/500/ 1000 pax 400/800/1000 pax 350/500/1100 pax 6 CONFERENCE 16/4 pax 10/15/25 pax 15/30 pax 6/15/25 pax 7 MOVIE ROOM -NIL- 214 seats 200 seats -NIL- D RECEPTION COUNTER 9 nos 15 nos 8 nos 7 nos E PARKING 2-WHEELERS 70 100 90 80 4-WHEELERS 200 900 200 180 F ADMINISTRATION (OFFICE/MANAGER) 1 nos 1 nos 1 nos 1nos G TOILET 8 nos 25 nos 15 nos 10 nos H STORE 9 nos 11 nos 13 nos 9 nos I LODGING 63 rooms 58 rooms 35 rooms 16 rooms
- 54. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 54 HYPOTHESIS ZONING HYPOTHESIS Zoning depends upon the use of the particular area in a building. A proper zoning can lead to disperse the crowd at the initial and also plays an important role in avoiding overcrowding at certain areas in a building. It can begin with an appropriate location of parking, so the visitors have to move less after parking their vehicles. The multipurpose hall is kept apart from the rest of the activity zones to allow free circulation on special occasions, without disturbing the rest of the movement. The main zone houses all the activities with the restaurant, an inviting zone, at easy distance from all activity areas. Lawn area is provided near the children’s play area for child safety and supervision. It is divided into small lots, one between ladies activity zone and other activity zones. The open air theatre zone and multipurpose hall zone are kept as far as possible to avoid noise intermixing and disturbances. The swimming pool zone is given a slight secluded corner to ensure privacy. PLANING HYPOTHESIS Planning: The planning should be the combination of both compactness and openness. Public yet private: waiting lounge, restaurant, and lawn are the places where many groups are formed. These groups are formed of two or more than two people. In these groups some people desire segregation from other groups. In other words, people want a personal space in which they can accommodate themselves. Circulation routes: a recreation club brings a sense of joy, fitness and wellbeing. The planning has to extend to the whole site area. For breaking the visual fatigue, relaxation to the eye, gossiping and coolness these areas play a major role. TECHNICAL DATA Multipurposeground Multi-purpose ground is a type of ground designed to be easily used by multiple types of events. While any ground could potentially host more than one type of sport or event, this concept usually refers to a specific design philosophy that stresses multi-functionality over specificity. It is used most commonly in Canada and the United States, where the two most popular outdoor team sports – gridiron football and baseball – require radically different facilities. Football uses a rectangular field (Canadian football fields are larger than American ones), while baseball is played on a diamond. This requires a particular design to accommodate both, usually an oval. While building ground in this way means that sports teams and governments can share costs, it also imposes some challenges. In North America, multi-purpose ground was built primarily during the 1960s and 1970s as shared home ground for Major League Baseball and National Football League or Canadian Football League teams. Some ground was renovated to allow multi-purpose
- 55. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 55 configurations during the 1980s. This type of ground is associated with an era of suburbanization, in which many sports teams followed their fans out of large cities into areas with cheaper, plentiful land. They were usually built near highways and had large parking lots but were rarely connected to public transit. As multi-purpose ground was rarely ideal for both sports usually housed in them, they had fallen out of favor by the 1990s. With the completion of the Truman Sports Complex in Kansas City in 1973, a model for purpose-built ground was laid down. Since Oriole Park at Camden Yards opened in 1992, most major league sports ground have been built specifically for one sport. Outside North America, the term is rarely used, since soccer is the only major outdoor team sport in many countries; in some countries soccer and rugby can easily co-exist, with Australia and South Africa being notable examples. In other countries, such as England, teams rarely share facilities. In Australia, many sports grounds are suited to both Australian Rules football and cricket, as Australian rules was originally conceived for play on cricket fields. Soccer ground has historically served as track and field arenas as well and some (like the Olympiastadion in Berlin) still do, whereas a newer generation frequently has no running track to get the fans closer to the field. Swimming Olympics sports since 1912 Swimming is an individual or team sport and activity. Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with events in freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. Competitive swimming became popular in the 19th century. The goal of competitive swimming is to break personal or world records while beating competitors in any given event. Swimming in competition should create the least resistance in order to obtain maximum speed. However, some professional swimmers who do not hold a national or world ranking are considered the best in regard to their technical skills. Typically, an athlete goes through a cycle of training in which the body is overloaded with work in the beginning and middle segments of the cycle, and then the workload is decreased in the final stage as the swimmer approaches competition. The practice of reducing exercise in the days just before an important competition is called tapering. A final stage is often referred to as "shave and taper": the swimmer shaves off all exposed hair for the sake of reducing drag and having a sleeker and more hydrodynamic feel in the water.[5] Additionally, the "shave and taper" method refers to the removal of the top layer of "dead skin", which exposes the newer and richer skin underneath.[6] ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 56. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 56 Swimming is an event at the Summer Olympic Games, where male and female athletes compete in 16 of the recognized events each. Olympic events are held in a 50-meter pool, called a long course pool. There are forty officially recognized individual swimming events in the pool; however the International Olympic Committee only recognizes 32 of them. The international governing body for competitive swimming is the Federation International de Natation ("International Swimming Federation"), better known as FINA. Open water In open water swimming, where the events are swum in a body of open water (lake or sea), there are also 5 km, 10 km and 25 km events for men and women. However, only the 10 km event is included in the Olympic schedule, again for both men and women. Open-water competitions are typically separate to other swimming competitions with the exception of the World Championships and the Olympics. Swim style In competitive swimming, four major styles have been established. These have been relatively stable over the last 30–40 years with minor improvements. The four main strokes in swimming are: Butterfly (fly) Backstroke (back) Breaststroke (breast) Freestyle (free) Events in competition may have only one of these styles except in the case of the individual medley, or IM, which consists of all four. In this latter event, swimmers swim equal distances of butterfly, then backstroke, breaststroke, and finally, freestyle.[7] In Olympic competition, this event (called the "IM") is swam in these distances - 200 or 400 meters. Some competition also swims the 100 yard or meter IM - particularly, for younger swimmers (typically under 14 years) involved in club swimming, or masters swimming (over 18). Competition pools World Championship pools must be 50 meters (160 ft.) (long course) long and 25 meters (82 ft.) wide, with ten lanes labelled zero to nine (or one to ten in some pools; zero and nine (or one and ten) are usually left empty in semi-finals and finals); the lanes must be at least 2.5 meters (8.2 ft.) wide. They will be equipped with starting blocks at both ends of the pool and most will have Automatic Officiating Equipment, including touch pads to record times and sensors to ensure the legality of relay take overs. The pool must have a minimum depth of two meters.[9] Other pools which host events under FINA regulations are required to meet some but not all of these requirements. Many of these pools have eight instead of ten lanes and some will be 25 meters (82 ft.) long, making them Short course. World records that are set in short course pools are kept separate from those set in long course pools because it may be an advantage or disadvantage to swimmers to have more or less turns in a race. Basket Ball Olympic sports since 1936 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 57. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 57 Ba sk etball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.048 m) high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most popular and widely considered to be the highest level of professional basketball in the world and NBA players are the world's best paid sportsmen, by average annual salary per player. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team was assessed with certain fouls. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is issued when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by throwing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling). It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. There are many techniques for ball handling—shooting, passing, dribbling, and rebounding. Basketball teams generally have player positions, the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward, while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward, and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are called a guarder shooting guard. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coach's game plan, and managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning). In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor with tiles at either end. In professional or organized basketball, especially when played indoors, it is usually made out of a wood, often maple, and highly polished. Outdoor surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such as concrete or asphalt. Dimensions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 58. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 58 Basketball courts come in different sizes and colors. In the NBA, the court is 94 feet (29 m) by 50 feet (15 m). Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules,[1] the court is minutely smaller, measuring exactly 28 meters (92 ft.) by 15 meters (49 ft.). A high school court is slightly smaller, at 84 feet (26 m) by 50 feet (15 m). In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always 10 feet (3.0 m) above the floor (except possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or with a player's foot touching the line is worth two points. The free-throw line, where one stands while taking a foul shot, is located within the three-point arc. Height The height of the underside of the roof structure, or the ceiling if there is one, above the floor is specified by each sport’s governing body, and this is a critical design factor. Badminton, tennis and trampolining require an unrestricted height of 9.1m for international competition, while 7.6m is necessary at C level in all sports except those for which height is not critical. In general a basketball court should have a minimum clearance of 25 feet (7.7m), although a ceiling height of at least 27 feet (8.23m) is recommended. The NBA three-point line is 3 ft. (0.91 m) from the side-line in a zone starting at the baseline and ending when it crosses the 23.75 ft. (7.24 m) arc. The 22 ft. (6.70 m) measurement applies only at a point where a line parallel to the baseline intersects the long axis of the court and the centre of the basket. The FIBA three-point line is 2.95 ft. (0.90 m) from the side-line in a zone starting at the baseline and ending when it crosses the 22.1 ft. (6.75 m) arc. The 21.65 ft. (6.60 m) measurement applies only at a point where a line parallel to the baseline intersects the long axis of the court and the centre of the basket. Sections of Basket Ball Court Center Circle The only two players permitted to enter this area prior to the tipoff are the players contesting the jump ball (usually but not always centres). Both players jump when the referee throws the ball in the air, each attempting to tap the ball into the hands of a player of their own team. Three-Point Line The three-point line is the line that separates the two-point area from the three-point area; any shot converted beyond this line counts as three points. If the shooting player steps on the line, it is counted as two points only. Any foul made in the act of shooting beyond the three-point line would give the player three free throws if the shot doesn't go in, and one if it does. The distance to the three-point line from the centre of the basket varies depending on the level or league, and has changed several times. These are the current distances, with the league or level using each distance: 19.75 ft. (6.01 m): High School 20.75 ft. (6.32 m): NCAA 21.65 ft. (6.60 m) to 22.15 ft. (6.75 m): WNBA and FIBA 22 ft. (6.71 m) to 23.75 ft. (7.24 m): NBA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 59. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 59 The NBA adopted the three-point line at the start of the 1979–80 seasons. This is of variable distance, ranging from 22 feet (6.7 m) in the corners to 23.75 feet (7.24 m) behind the top of the key. During the 1994–95, 1995–96 and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the overall distance of the line to a uniform 22 feet (6.7 m) around the basket. It was moved back to its original distance after the 1996–97 seasons. FIBA and the NCAA both adopted the three-point line in 1985. In most high school associations in the United States, the distance is 19.75 feet. This was formerly the distance for college basketball as well. On May 26, 2007, the NCAA playing rules committee agreed to move the three-point line back one foot to 20.75 feet for the men. This rule went into effect for the 2008–2009 seasons. The three-point line for women (NCAA) moved back one foot to 20.75 feet at the start of the 2011–2012 seasons. The international distance, used in most countries outside the United States and in FIBA and WNBA competition, is currently 6.6 m (21.65 ft.) to 6.75 m (22.15 ft.). Perimeter The perimeter is defined as the areas outside the free throw lane and inside the three- point line. Shots converted (successfully made) from this area are called "perimeter shots" or "medium-range shots." If a player's foot is on the three-point line, the shot is considered a perimeter shot. Low Post Area The low post is defined as the areas that are closest to the basket but outside of the free throw lane.[4] This area is fundamental to strategy in basketball. Skilled low post players can score many points per game without ever taking a jump shot. Key The key, free throw lane or shaded lane refers to the usually painted area beneath the basket; for the NBA it is 16 feet (4.9 m) wide, for the NCAA it is 12 feet (3.7 m) wide; for both instances it extends 15 feet (4.6 m) from the backboard. At the top of the rectangle is the free throw line, behind which players shoot uncontested shots when they're fouled. A circle is drawn around the free-throw line with a 6 feet (1.8 m) radius; this is used for jump ball instances, as is done at the centre circle. Two 6-inch hash lines, 3 ft. from the free throw lane line and 5 ft. 8 in from the free throw line, show the lower defensive box linked to the restricted area. For FIBA tournaments, since October 2010 the key has been a rectangle 4.9 m wide and 5.8 m long. Previously it was a trapezoid 3.7 meters (12 ft.) wide at the free-throw line and 6 meters (19 feet and 6.25 inches) at the end line. The key is primarily used to prevent players from staying beneath the basket of the opponents' team for long periods (maximum three seconds). Restricted Area Arc The restricted area arc is a semi-circular arc drawn around the area directly underneath the basket. With some exceptions, members of the defending team cannot draw charging fouls in this area. The restricted arc in NBA and WNBA competition has a radius 4 feet (1.22 m) from below the centre of the basket. The restricted arc in NCAA competition (both men's and women's) is of radius 3 feet (0.91 m) from below the centre of the basket. Other Lines ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 60. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 60 On NBA floors, two hash marks are drawn at the end lines near the key to mark the area known as the lower defensive box. A defensive player is allowed to draw a charging foul within the restricted arc if the offensive player receives the ball and/or starts his drive within this area.[5] Also, two lines are drawn on each of the side-lines, 28 feet from each of the end lines, which designate the extent of the coaching box and bench. This line marks the farthest extent a coach (aside from the side-lines) can stand. Directly behind this area is the team bench. On the half-court line of NBA floors two lines extend outside the playing court, designating the place where substitutes wait before they can enter the playing court; directly behind this area are the various off-court officials such as the timekeeper and reserve referee. Volleyball Olympic sports since 1964 Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.[1] It has been a part of the official program of the Games since 1964. The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court. The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1): a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the rally; or (2): a team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, and serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common faults include: causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without first passing over the net; catching and throwing the ball; double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player; four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team; net foul: touching the net during play; Foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving. The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push (short contact) the ball with any part of the body. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 61. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 61 A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking as well as passing, setting, and specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures. Overall Dimensions The overall measurements for a Volleyball court are 60 feet by 30 feet. Each side of the court is therefore 30 feet by 30 feet in size. Center Line A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares. Attack Line The attack line is marked 10 feet on each side of the center line of the court. Some rules show the attack line at 9′ 10″ however that includes the width of the line itself (2″). Service Line A service line is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line. This is the area from which the server may serve the volleyball. The Net The net is hung directly above the center line at 7 feet 4 inches for women and 8 feet for men. Standards Volleyball standards should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet on either side of the sidelines. Ceiling Height The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet. Preferably the ceilings should be higher. Tennis Olympic Sports since 1896 Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users. The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as "lawn tennis".[1] It had close connections both to various field ("lawn") games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport of real tennis. During most of the 19th-century in fact, the term "tennis" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel Sybil (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will "go down to Hampton Court and play tennis."[2] ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 62. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 62 The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s. Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times, and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which allows a player to contest the line call of a point. Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport. The four Slam tournaments (also referred to as the "Majors") are especially popular: the Australian Open played on hard courts, the French Open played on red clay courts, Wimbledon played on grass courts, and the US Open played also on hard courts. Court A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. The same surface can be used to play both doubles and singles matches. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game. The dimension of tennis court Tennis is played on a rectangular flat surface, usually of grass, clay or hard material. The dimensions of a tennis court are defined and regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) governing body and are written down in the annual 'Rules of Tennis' document. The court is 78 feet (23.77 metres) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23 metres) for singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 metres) for doubles matches.[2] The service line is 21 feet (6.40 metres) from the net.[2] Additional clear space around the court is needed in order for players to reach overrun balls for a total of 60 feet (18 metres) wide and 120 feet (37 metres) long. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 metres) high at the posts, and 3 feet (0.91 metres) high in the centre. The net posts are 3 feet (0.91 metres) outside the doubles court on each side or, for a singles net, 3 feet (0.91 metres) outside the singles court on each side. Surfaces Tennis is played on a variety of surfaces and each surface has its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game. There are four main types of courts depending on the materials used for the court surface: clay courts, hard courts, grass courts and carpet courts. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) lists different surfaces and properties and classifies surfaces into one of five pace settings:[4] Category 1 (slow) Category 2 (medium-slow) Category 3 (medium) Category 4 (medium-fast) Category 5 (fast) Of the current Grand Slam tournaments, the US Open and Australian Open use hard courts, the French Open is played on clay, and Wimbledon is played on grass and is the only Grand Slam tournament to have always been played on one surface. The Australian Open switched to hard courts in 1988 and in its early years the French championship alternated between clay and sand/rubble courts. The US Open is the only one of the four majors to have been played on three surfaces; the tournament was played on grass from ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 63. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 63 its inception until 1974, on green clay until 1977, and on hard courts since the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the National Tennis Centre in 1978. Clay courts The French Open is played on clay courts. Clay courts are made of crushed shale, stone, or brick. The French Open is the only Grand Slam tournament to use clay courts. Clay courts slow down the ball and produce a high bounce in comparison to grass courts or hard courts.[6] For this reason, the clay court takes away many of the advantages of big serves, which makes it hard for server-based players to dominate on the surface. Clay courts are cheaper to construct than other types of tennis courts, but a clay surface costs more to maintain. Clay courts need to be rolled to preserve flatness. The clay's water content must be balanced; green courts generally require the courts to be sloped to allow water run-off. Clay courts are more common in Europe and Latin America than in North America and tend to heavily favour baseline players. Grass courts Grass court maintenance at Wimbledon Grass courts are the fastest type of courts in common use.[6] They consist of grass grown on very hard-packed soil, which adds additional variables: bounces depend on how healthy the grass is, how recently it has been mown, and the wear and tear of recent play. Points are usually very quick where fast, low bounces keep rallies short, and the serve plays a more important role than on other surfaces. Grass courts tend to favour serve-and-volley tennis players. Grass courts were once among the most common tennis surfaces, but are now rare due to high maintenance costs, as they must be watered and mown often, and take a longer time to dry after rain than hard courts. The grass surface, however, is the most compatible with the human body because of its softness. Hard courts Rooftop tennis hard courts in Downtown Singapore Hard courts are made of uniform rigid material, often covered with an acrylic surface layer. Offering greater consistency of bounce than other outdoor surfaces.[7] Hard courts can vary in speed, although they are faster than clay but not as fast as grass courts. The quantity of sand added to the paint can greatly affect the rate at which the ball slows down. The US Open is played on Deco Turf, while the Australian is played on Plexicushion, both acrylic topped hard court surfaces. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 64. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 64 Carpet courts Artificial turf tennis courts in Nicosia, Cyprus "Carpet" in tennis means any removable court covering.[6] Indoor arenas store rolls of rubber-backed court surfacing and install it temporarily for tennis events, however they are not in use any more for professional events. A short piled form of artificial turf in filled with sand is used for some outdoor courts, particularly in Asia. Carpet is generally a fast surface, faster than hard-court, with low bounce.[6] Notable tennis tournaments previously held on carpet courts were the WCT Finals, Paris Masters, U.S. Pro Indoor and Kremlin Cup. Since 2009 their use has been discontinued on the ATP tour. Indoor courts Any court surface may be used indoors. Hard courts are most common indoors, as they are made with the most versatile materials and surface finishes. Clay courts are installed indoors with underground watering systems, and used mostly for Davis Cup matches. The conclusion of the Wimbledon Championships, in 2012, was played on the lawn of the Centre Court under the roof and artificial lights, the first time such a retractable roof stadium was used. Carpet surfaces have been used both on the ATP World Tour and the World Championship Tennis circuit, though no events currently use them. Historically, other surfaces have been used indoors, such as hardwood at the defunct World Covered Court Championships. Smaller courts The ITF campaign Play and Stay aims to increase tennis participation worldwide, by improving the way children are introduced to the game. The campaign promotes playing on smaller courts with slower red, orange and green balls. This gives children more time and control so that they can serve, rally, and score from the first lesson on courts that are sized to fit their bodies. The ITF has mandated that official competition for children less than 10 years of age should be played on so-called Orange courts 18 m (59 ft.) long by 6.4 m (21 ft.) wide. Competition for children less than 8 years is played on Red courts that are 11 m (36 ft.) long and 5.5 m (18 ft.) wide. The net is 0.8m high in the centre. Badminton Olympic sports since 1992 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 65. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 65 Badminton is a recreational sport played using rackets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racket and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.[1] The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racket sports. The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competition dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with five events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair consists of a man and a woman. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements. Court The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles only. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are of same length. The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension. Overall Court Dimensions The overall dimensions of a badminton court are 20 feet by 44 feet. The lines along these measurements mark the sidelines for doubles play and long service lines for singles play. The Net Line The net line marks the middle of the court where the net is placed, creating a 22 feet by 20 feet area on each side of the net. Short Service Line The short service line is marked 6 feet 6 inches (some are marked 7 feet) from the center line. The area inside the short service line is also called the Non Volley Zone. Center Line The Center Line is the line that divides the court from the Short Service Line to the Back Boundary Line. This delineates the Left from Right Service Court. Side Line for Singles Play The Singles Side Line is marked 1 1/2 feet from the edge of the outer boundary (doubles side line) Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line for Singles The back boundary line is the same for singles and doubles play it is the outermost back line on the court. Long Service Line for Doubles ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 66. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 66 The Long Service line for Doubles is marked 2 1/2 feet inside the Back Boundary Line. The Badminton Net The badminton net measures 5 feet tall in the center. Table tennis olympic sports since 1988 Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using a small, round bat. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as follows: Players must allow a ball played toward them to one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once. Points are scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and demands quick reactions. Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage. When doing so the hitter has a better chance of scoring if the spin is successful. Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation, founded in 1926. ITTF currently includes 220 member associations. The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook. Table tennis has been an Olympic sport since 1988, with several event categories. In particular, from 1988 until 2004, these were: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles. Since 2008, a team event has been played instead of the doubles. Equipment Ball Assortment of 40mm table tennis ball He international rules specify that the game is played with a sphere having a mass of 2.7 grams (0.095 oz.) and a diameter of 40 millimetres (1.57 in).[22] The rules say that the ball shall bounce up 24–26 cm (9.4–10.2 in) when dropped from a height of 30.5 cm (12.0 in) onto a standard steel block thereby having a coefficient of restitution of 0.89 to 0.92. The ball is made of plastic as of 2015, colored white or orange, with a matte finish. The choice of ball color is made according to the table color and its surroundings. For example, a white ball is easier to see on a green or blue table than it is on a grey table. Manufacturers often indicate the quality of the ball with a star rating system, usually from one to three, three being the highest grade. As this system is not standard across manufacturers, the only way a ball may be used in official competition is upon ITTF approval (the ITTF approval can be seen printed on the ball). ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 67. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 67 The 40 mm ball was introduced after the 2000 Summer Olympics.[18] However, this created some controversy at the time as the Chinese National Team argued that this was merely to give non-Chinese players a better chance of winning since the new type of ball has a slower speed (a 40 mm table tennis ball is slower and spins less than the original 38 mm one, and at that time, most Chinese players were playing with fast attack and smashes). China won all four Olympic gold medals and three silvers in 2000, and have continued to dominate. Table The table is 2.74 m (9.0 ft.) long, 1.525 m (5.0 ft.) wide, and 76 cm (2.5 ft.) high with any continuous material so long as the table yields a uniform bounce of about 23 cm (9.1 in) when a standard ball is dropped onto it from a height of 30 cm (11.8 in), or about 77%.[23][24] The table or playing surface is uniformly dark coloured and matte, divided into two halves by a net at 15.25 cm (6.0 in) in height. Theist approves only wooden tables or their derivate. Concrete tables with a steel net or a solid concrete partition are sometimes available in outside public spaces, such as parks.[25] Paddle/racket Players are equipped with a laminated wooden racket covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the grip of the player. The ITTF uses the term "racket",[26] though "bat" is common in Britain, and "paddle" in the U.S. The wooden portion of the racket, often referred to as the "blade", commonly features anywhere between one and seven plies of wood, though cork, glass fibre, carbon fibre, aluminium fibre, and Kevlar are sometimes used. According to the ITTF regulations, at least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be of natural wood.[27] Common wood types include balsa, limba, and cypress or "hinoki," which is popular in Japan. The average size of the blade is about 17 centimetres (6.7 in) long and 15 centimetres (5.9 in) wide. Although the official restrictions only focus on the flatness and rigidness of the blade itself, these dimensions are optimal for most play styles. Table tennis regulations allow different surfaces on each side of the racket.[28] Various types of surfaces provide various levels of spin or speed, and in some cases they nullify spin. For example, a player may have a rubber that provides much spin on one side of his racket, and one that provides no spin on the other. By flipping the racket in play, different types of returns are possible. To help a player distinguish between the rubbers used by his opposing player, international rules specify that one side must be red while the other side must be black.[27] The player has the right to inspect his opponent's racket before a match to see the type of rubber used and what colour it is. Despite high speed play and rapid exchanges, a player can see clearly what side of the racket was used to hit the ball. Current rules state that, unless damaged in play, the racket cannot be exchanged for another racket at any time during a match Skating ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 68. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 68 Olympic sports since 1924 Skating involves any sports or recreational activity which consists of traveling on surfaces or on ice using skates. There are several different kinds of skating : Hard surface Roller skating, the traveling on surfaces with roller skates Inline skating, traveling on surfaces with skates having one line of wheels Freestyle slalom skating, a field of inline skating that involves performing tricks around a straight line of equally spaced cones Vet skating, riding inline skates on a vert ramp Aggressive inline skating, inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins Inline speed skating, the roller sport of racing on inline skates Artistic roller skating, a sport similar to figure skating but where contestants run on roller skates instead of ice skates Road skating, the sport of skating (inline skating or roller skating) on roads, much like road cycling. It shares much with inline speed skating Skateboarding, an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates. It is a form of recreational activity as well as a sport, and can also be a form of transportation. Skates generally come in three basic varieties: quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates, though some have experimented with a single-wheeled "quintessence skate" or other variations on the basic skate design. In America, this hobby was most popular, first between 1935 and the early 1960s and then in the 1970s, when polyurethane wheels were created and "Disco" oriented roller rinks were the rage and then again in the 1990s when in-line outdoor roller skating, thanks to the improvement made to inline roller skates in 1981 by Scott Olson, took hold. Gym A gym, short for gymnasium, is an open air or covered location for gymnastics and ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 69. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 69 athletics and gymnastic services such as in schools and colleges, from the ancient Greek gymnasium.[1] Gymnasia apparatus such as bar-bells, parallel bars, jumping board, running path, tennis- balls, cricket field, fencing area, and so forth are used as exercises. In safe weather, outdoor locations are the most conductive to health.[2] Gyms were popular in ancient Greece. Their curricula included Gymnastic military or self-defense, gymnastic medical, or physical therapy to help the sick and injured, and gymnastic athletic for physical fitness and sports, from boxing to dance.[3] These gymnasia also had teachers of wisdom and philosophy. Community gymnastic events were done as part of the celebrations during various village festivals. In ancient Greece there was a phrase of contempt, "He can neither swim nor write." After a while, however, Olympic athletes began training in buildings just for them. Community sports never became as popular among ancient Romans as it had among the ancient Greeks. Gyms were used more as a preparation for military service or spectator sports. During the Roman Empire, the gymnastic art was forgotten. In the Dark Ages there were sword fighting tournaments and of chivalry; and after gunpowder was invented sword fighting began to be replaced by the sport of fencing. There were schools of dagger fighting and wrestling and boxing.[4] Then in the 18th century, Salzmann, German clergyman, opened a gym in Thuringia teaching bodily exercises, including running and swimming. Clias and Volker established gyms in London, and in 1825, Doctor Beck, a German immigrant, established the first gymnasium in the United States. It was found that gym pupils lose interest in doing the same exercises, partly because of age. Variety in exercises included skating, dancing, and swimming. Some gym activities can be done by 6 to 8 year olds while age 16 has been considered mature enough for boxing and horseback riding.[5] In Ancient Greece the gymnasium (γυμνάσιον) was a locality for both physical and intellectual education of young men. The latter meaning of intellectual education persisted in Greek, German and other languages to denote a certain type of school providing secondary education, the gymnasium, whereas in English the meaning of physical education was pertained in the word 'gym'. The Greek word gymnasium means "school for naked exercise" and was used to designate a locality for the education of young men, including physical education (gymnastics, i.e. exercise) which was customarily performed naked, as well as bathing, and studies. For the Greeks, physical education was considered as important as cognitive learning. Most Greek gymnasia had libraries that could be utilized after relaxing in the baths. Billiards Snooker (UK /ˈsnuːkər/, US /ˈsnʊkər/)[2][3] is a cue sport played on a table covered with a green cloth or baize, with pockets at each of the four corners and in the middle of each of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 70. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 70 the long side cushions. A full-size table measures 11 ft. 81⁄2 in × 5 ft. 10 in (3569 mm x 1778 mm), commonly referred to as 12 × 6 ft. The game is played using a cue and 22 snooker balls: one white cue ball, 15 red balls worth one point each, and six balls of different colors: yellow (2 points), green (3), brown (4), blue (5), pink (6) and black (7).[4] The red balls are initially placed in a triangular formation, and the other colored balls on marked positions on the table known as "spots". Players execute shots by striking the cue ball with the cue, causing the cue ball to hit a red or colored ball. Points are scored by sinking the red and colored balls (knocking them into the pockets, called "potting") in the correct sequence. A player receives additional points if the opponent commits a foul. A player (or team) wins a frame (individual game) of snooker by scoring more points than the opponent(s). A player wins a match when a predetermined number of frames have been won. A billiard table designed for the games snooker and English billiards is usually called a snooker table. Dimensions The playing area of a tournament snooker tables, as standardized by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA or World Snooker) and the amateur International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) which uses WPBSA rules,[10] measures 11 feet 8.5 inches by 5 ft. 10 in (356.9 cm by 177.8 cm) with a tolerance of ± 0.5 in (13 mm),[11] though commonly referred to as 12 ft. by 6 ft. Smaller tables, approximately 10 ft. by 5 ft. down to half size, are also sometimes used in pubs, homes and smaller snooker halls. The height from the floor to the top of the cushion is between 2 ft. 9.5 in and 2 ft. 10.5 in (85.1 cm and 87.6 cm).[11] Pockets A snooker table has six pockets, one at each corner and one at the centre of each of the longest side cushions. The pockets are around 86 mm (3.5 in), though high-class tournaments may use slightly smaller pockets to increase difficulty. The amount of undercut (trimmed underside of the rubber cushion's protruding nose at the pocket opening),[12]:8 if any, has a strong effect on how easily a ball is accepted by the pocket (the "pocket speed"). On snooker and English billiards tables, the pocket entries are rounded, while pool tables have sharp "knuckles". This affects how accurate shots need to be to get into a pocket, and how fast they can be when not dead-on, including shots that run along and against a cushion, making snooker more difficult to play than pool. According to the WPBSA official rule book, "the pocket openings shall conform to the templates owned and authorised by The World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA)".[11] The WPBSA and IBSF rule books' equipment sections do not actually specify the measurements and shapes of these proprietary templates[10][11] which change from time to time, requiring that the templates be dated.[13] The organisations do not recognise tournament play or records (maximum breaks, etc.) if not performed on tables that conform to then-current templates.[13][14] Cushions The cushions (sometimes known as rails, though that term properly applies to the wood sections to which the cushions are attached) are usually made of vulcanized rubber. Markings ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 71. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 71 The baulk area is marked by a baulk line drawn on the cloth across the width of the table at 29 inches (737 mm) from and parallel to the face of the bottom cushion.[11] A semicircle with a radius of 11.5 inches (292 mm) cantered on this line within baulk forms the "D"[11] in which the cue ball must be placed when breaking or after the cue ball has been potted or shot off the table. The position of four of the colours are marked along the long string (lengthwise centre) of the table, perpendicular to the baulk line: the black spot, 12.75 inches (324 mm) from the top cushion; the centre spot or blue spot, located at the midpoint between the bottom and top cushions; the pyramid spot or pink spot, located midway between the centre spot and the top cushion; and the baulk spot or brown spot, located at the midpoint of the baulk line[11] (and, thus of the "D"). Due to its obviousness, the brown spot is not always marked (neither are the unmistakable green and yellow spots,[11] at the left and right intersections, respectively, of the baulk line and the "D"'s curve.[1]:116, 278[11] the exact placing of these markings are different on smaller tables, but proportional to the full-size model. The bed The playing surface of a good quality snooker table has a bed of slate and is covered with baize cloth, traditionally green, though many other colours are now available. The thickness of this cloth determines the table's speed (lack of friction) and responsiveness to spin, thicker cloths being longer lasting but slower and less responsive. The nap of the cloth can affect the run of the balls, especially on slower shots and shots played with sidespin applied to the cue ball. A snooker table traditionally has the nap running from the baulk to the top end and is brushed and ironed in this direction. Squash Squash is a racket sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles) in a four-walled court with a small, hollow rubber ball. The players must alternate in striking the ball with their racket and hit the ball onto the playable surfaces of the four walls of the court. The game was formerly called squash rackets, a reference to the "squash able" soft ball used in the game (compared with the harder ball used in its sister game rackets). Squash is recognized by the IOC and supporters are lobbying for its incorporation in a future Olympic program. The court The squash court is a playing surface surrounded by four walls. The court surface contains a front line separating the front and back of the court and a half court line, separating the left and right hand sides of the back portion of the court, creating three 'boxes': the front half, the back left quarter and the back right quarter. Both the back two ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 72. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 72 boxes contain smaller service boxes. The floor-markings on a squash court are only relevant during serves. There are four walls to a squash court. The front wall, on which three parallel lines are marked, has the largest playing surface, whilst the back wall, which typically contains the entrance to the court, has the smallest. The outline runs along the top of the front wall, descending along the side walls to the back wall. There are no other markings on the side or back walls. Shots struck above or touching the outline, on any wall, are out. The bottom line of the front wall marks the top of the 'tin', a half metre-high metal area which if struck means that the ball is out. In this way the tin can is seen as analogous to the net in other racket sports such as tennis. The middle line of the front wall is the service line and is only relevant during serves. Service The players spin a racket to decide who serves first. This player starts the first rally by electing to serve from either the left or right service box. For a legal serve, one of the server's feet must be touching the service box, not touching any part of the service box lines, as the player strikes the ball. After being struck by the racket, the ball must strike the front wall above the service line and below the outline and land in the opposite back quarter court. The receiving player can choose to volley a serve after it has hit the front wall. If the server wins the point, the two players switch sides for the following point. Play After the serve, the players take turns hitting the ball against the front wall, above the tin and below the outline. The ball may strike the side or back walls at any time, as long as it hits below the outline. It must not hit the floor after hitting the racket and before hitting the front wall. A ball landing on either the outline or the line along the top of the tin is considered to be out. After the ball hits the front wall, it is allowed to bounce once on the floor (and any number of times against the side or back walls) before a player must return it. Players may move anywhere around the court but accidental or deliberate obstruction of the other player's movements is forbidden. Players typically return to the centre of the court after making a shot. Bowling Bowling refers to a series of sports leisure activities in which a player rolls or throws a bowling ball towards a target. It is one of the major forms of throwing sports. In pin bowling variations, the target is usually to knock over pins at the end of a lane. When all the pins are knocked down on the first roll, this is a strike. In target variations, the aim is usually to get the ball as close to a mark as possible. The pin version of bowling is often played on a flat wooden or other synthetic surface (which can be oiled in different patterns for different techniques), while in target ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………TECHNICAL DATA
- 73. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 73 bowling, the surface may be grass, gravel or a synthetic surface. The most common types of pin bowling include ten-pin, nine-pin, candlepin, duckpin and five-pin bowling, while in target bowling, bowls, skittles, kegel, bocce, carpet bowls, pétanque, and boules, both indoor and outdoor varieties are popular. Today the sport of bowling is enjoyed by 100 million people in more than 90 countries worldwide (including 70 million in the U.S.), and continues to grow through entertainment media such as video games for home consoles and handheld devices. DESIGN CONTENT SR. NO ACTIVITIES CAPACITY NOS SIZES TOTAL AREA A GROUND FLOOR 1 BANQUETTE DINNING 400 PAX 28.50 X 16.50 470.25 SQ.M I FOYER 1 NOS 5.50 X 7.00 38.5 SQ.M II OFFICE 1 NOS 4.50 X 5.50 24.75 SQ.M III STORE 1 NOS 4.25 X 5.35 22.70 SQ.M IV KITCHEN 1 NOS 11.45 X 5.35 61.25 SQ.M V DINING AREA 1 NOS 25.10 X 11.15 279.85 SQ.M VI TOILETS 1 NOS 6.55 X 6.65 43.55 SQ.M i MALE 2.50 X 6.65 16.60 SQ.M WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 3 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 3 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 ii FEMALE 2.50 X 6.65 16.60 SQ.M WASH BASINS 2 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 3 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 2 BADMINTON 200 PAX 34.45 X 25.50 878.45 SQ.M I COURTS 3 NOS 13.45 X 6.15 330.80 SQ.M II COACH 1 NOS 4.65 X 3.00 13.95 SQ.M III STORE 1 NOS 4.65 X 3.00 13.95 SQ.M 3 CLOAKROOM FACILITIES 14.00 X 14.75 206.50 SQ.M a TOILETS 7.30 X 14.75 107.65 SQ.M i MALE 4.35 X 7.30 31.75 SQ.M WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 5 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 II CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 3.65 12.75 SQ.M III LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 4.55 15.75 SQ.M IV SHOWER ROOM 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 b FEMALE 4.35 X 7.30 31.75 SQ.M WASH BASINS 4 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.10
- 74. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 74 I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 3.65 12.75 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 4.55 15.75 SQ.M III SHOWER ROOM 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 4 RESTAURANT 160 PAX 1 NOS 29.15 X 18.85 549.50 SQ.M I STORE 1 NOS 3.50 X 7.00 24.50 SQ.M II KITCHEN 1 NOS 11.95 X 7.00 83.65 SQ.M III DINNING 1 NOS 18.85 X 22.00 414.75 SQ.M 5 SQUASH 50 PAX 15.35 X 19.50 299.35 SQ.M I COURTS 3 NOS 9.75 X 6.40 187.20 SQ.M 6 STAFF 1 NOS 8.40 X 4.20 35.25 SQ.M 7 TOILETS 6.45 X 11.70 18.15 SQ.M MALE 11.70 X 3.20 37.45 SQ.M WASH BASINS 4 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 6 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 FEMALE 11.70 X 3.20 37.45 SQ.M WASH BASINS 5 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 8 CARD ROOM 120 PAX 1 NOS 18.85 X 11.75 221.50 SQ.M 9 CONFERENCE 18 PAX 1 NOS 6.35 X 9.90 62.85 SQ.M 10 SPORTS SHOP 1 NOS 18.85 X 10.00 188.5 SQ.M 11 ADMIN OFFICE 1 NOS 14.85 X 12.90 191.55 SQ.M I CABINS 8 NOS 2.50 X 3.10 62.00 SQ.M II WORKSTATION AREA 3 NOS 2.80 X 2.80 23.55 SQ.M III RECEPTION 1 NOS 4.00 X 4.25 17.00 SQ.M IV WAITING AREA 2 NOS 4.00 X 2.35 18.80 SQ.M 12 RECEPTION 1 NOS 14.00 X 14.50 200 SQ.M 13 YOGA 16 PAX 1NOS 8.00 X 10.00 80 SQ.M 14 DANCE 25 PAX 1NOS 8.00 X 10.00 80 SQ.M 15 SEMINAR 31 PAX 1NOS 8.00 X 10.00 80 SQ.M 16 DRAMA 25 PAX 1NOS 8.00 X 10.00 80 SQ.M 17 ART 16 PAX 1NOS 8.00 X 10.00 80 SQ.M 18 WORKSHOP 20 PAX 1NOS 6.75 X 10.00 67.5 SQ.M 19 RECORDING STATION 1NOS 5.50 X 10.00 55.00 SQ.M 20 CLOAKROOM FACILITIES 6.70 X 22.20 148.75 SQ.M a TOILETS 6.70 X 11.00 73.70 SQ.M i MALE 6.70 X 3.70 24.80 SQ.M WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 5 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M III SHOWER ROOM 4 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 b FEMALE 6.70 X 3.20 24.80 SQ.M WASH BASINS 4 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M III SHOWER ROOM 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…DESIGN CONTENT
- 75. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 75 21 CAFETERIA 55 PAX 1 NOS 9.35 X 18.15 170.0 SQ.M I TOILETS 2 NOS 1.20 X 1.50 22 HEALTH CLUB 1 NOS 34.05 X 8.85 301.35 SQ.M a MALE 16.20 X 8.85 143.35 SQ.M COUPLE MASSAGE 1 NOS 4.00 X 3.00 12.00 SQ.M MASSAGE ROOM 1 NOS 2.50 X 3.00 7.50 SQ.M STEAM ROOM 1 NOS 2.50 X 3.00 7.50 SQ.M SAUNA ROOM 1 NOS 3.35 X 3.00 10.05 SQ.M SHOWER ROOM 9 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 CHANGING ROOM 7 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.20 X 2.50 8.00 SQ.M TOILETS WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 8 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 b FEMALE 16.20 X 8.85 143.35 SQ.M COUPLE MASSAGE 1 NOS 4.00 X 3.00 12.00 SQ.M MASSAGE ROOM 1 NOS 2.50 X 3.00 7.50 SQ.M STEAM ROOM 1 NOS 2.50 X 3.00 7.50 SQ.M SAUNA ROOM 1 NOS 3.35 X 3.00 10.05 SQ.M SHOWER ROOM 9 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 CHANGING ROOM 7 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.17 X 2.50 8.00 SQ.M TOILETS WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 23 SWIMMING POOL 1 NOS 30.00 X 17.50 525.00 SQ.M I KID POOL 1 NOS 6.80 X 7.50 51.00 SQ.M II COACH ROOM 1 NOS 5.00 X 5.00 25.00 SQ.M III MECHANICAL ROOM 1 NOS 5.00 X 5.00 25.00 SQ.M IV WATER SOFT ROOM 1 NOS 5.00 X 5.00 25.00 SQ.M V EQUIPMENT ROOM 1 NOS 5.00 X 5.00 25.00 SQ.M VI STORE 1 NOS 5.00 X 5.00 25.00 SQ.M BUILT UP AREA 5820.05 SQ.M B FIRST FLOOR 1 BANQUEETE 400 PAX 1 NOS 28.50 X 16.50 470.25 SQ.M I GREEN ROOM 4 NOS 3.00 X 3.45 41.40 SQ.M II STAGE 1 NOS 10.00 X 4.00 40.00 SQ.M III TOILETS 6.55 X 6.65 43.55 SQ.M i MALE 2.50 X 6.65 16.60 SQ.M WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 3 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 3 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 ii FEMALE 2.50 X 6.65 16.60 SQ.M WASH BASINS 2 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 3 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 2 CLOAKROOM FACILITIES 14.00 X 14.75 206.50 SQ.M a TOILETS 7.30 X 14.75 107.65 SQ.M ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…DESIGN CONTENT
- 76. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 76 i MALE 4.35 X 7.30 31.75 SQ.M WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 5 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 II CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 3.65 12.75 SQ.M III LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 4.55 15.75 SQ.M IV SHOWER ROOM 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 b FEMALE 4.35 X 7.30 31.75 SQ.M WASH BASINS 4 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 3.65 12.75 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.50 X 4.55 15.75 SQ.M III SHOWER ROOM 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 3 TABLE TENNIS 50 PAX 1 NOS 15.35 X 9.65 148.15 SQ.M I TABLES 4 NOS 2.80 X 1.60 4 BILLARDS 50 PAX 1 NOS 15.35 X 9.65 148.15 SQ.M I TABLES 4 NOS 2.65 X 1.60 5 RESTAURANT & BAR 150 PAX 1 NOS 29.15 X 18.85 549.50 SQ.M I BAR 1 NOS 6.75 X 3.20 21.60 SQ.M II STORE 1 NOS 3.5 X 7.00 24.5 SQ.M III KITCHEN 1 NOS 11.95 X 7.00 83.65 SQ.M IIV DINNING 1 NOS 18.85 X 22.00 414.70 SQ.M 6 MEETING ROOM 16 PAX 1 NOS 8.40 X 4.20 35.25 SQ.M 7 TOILETS 6.45 X 11.70 18.15 SQ.M a MALE 11.70 X 3.20 37.44 SQ.M WASH BASINS 4 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 6 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 b FEMALE 11.70 X 3.20 37.44 SQ.M WASH BASINS 5 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 8 CARROM / CHESS 1 NOS 6.75 X 14.85 100.25 SQ.M I CARROM BOARDS 4 NOS 1.15 X 1.20 II CHESS BOARDS 4 NOS 0.70 X 0.65 9 CONFERENCE 28 PAX 1 NOS 6.75 X 14.85 100.25 SQ.M 10 BOWLING 50 PAX 1 NOS 31.90 X 18.85 601.30 SQ.M I BOWLING ALLEY 6 NOS 4.40 X 26.50 11 RECEPTION 1 NOS 11.10 X 13.45 149.30 SQ.M 12 GYMNASIUM 1 NOS 29.90 X 24.90 744.50 SQ.M I COACH 1 NOS 4.50 X 3.00 13.50 SQ.M II SEATING ROOM 1 NOS 5.25 X 3.00 15.75 SQ.M III STORE 1 NOS 4.50 X 3.00 13.50 SQ.M 13 CLOAKROOM FACILITIES 6.70 X 22.20 148.75 SQ.M a TOILETS 6.70 X 11.00 73.70 SQ.M i MALE 6.70 X 3.70 24.80 SQ.M WASH BASINS 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINAL 5 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…DESIGN CONTENT
- 77. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 77 I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M III SHOWER ROOM 4 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 b FEMALE 6.70 X 3.20 24.80 SQ.M WASH BASINS 4 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 5 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 3.25 X 4.80 15.60 SQ.M III SHOWER ROOM 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.30 14 LIBRARY 55 PAX 1 NOS 18.30 X 13.70 250.70 SQ.M I COMPUTER STATION 8 NOS 4.00 X 9.75 39.00 SQ.M II TOILETS 2 NOS 1.20 X 1.50 BUILTUP AREA 5455.00 SQ.M C OUTDOOR AREA 1 BASKET BALL COURT 2 NOS 15.00 X 28.00 840.00 SQ.M 2 VOLLEYBALL COURT 2 NOS 9.00 X 18.00 324.00 SQ.M 3 LAWN TENNIS 2 NOS 11.00 X 24.00 528.00 SQ.M 4 CRICKET TRAINING GROUND 1 NOS 135 M DIA I SPECTATOR SEATING 250 PAX 2 NOS TOTAL 500 PAX II TOILETS a MALE 3.75 X 6.25 23.45 SQ.M WASH BASIN 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 4 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINALS 4 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 b FEMALE 3.75 X 6.25 23.45 SQ.M WASH BASIN 3 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 6 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 D PAVILLION 50.00 X 10.20 510.00 SQ.M 1 DISCUSSION ROOM 13 PAX 2 NOS 3.05 X 3.00 18.30 SQ.M 2 TOILETS a MALE 4.00 X 3.00 12.00 SQ.M WASH BASINS 2 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 2 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 URINALS 3 NOS 0.60 X 0.60 b FEMALE 4.00 X 3.00 12.00 SQ.M WASH BASINS 2 NOS 0.45 X 0.60 WATER CLOSET 3 NOS 1.20 X 1.10 3 GATHERING HALL 40 PAX 1 NOS 13.85 X 7.05 97.65 SQ.M 4 KITCHEN 1 NOS 3.90 X 5.45 21.25 SQ.M 5 STORE 1 NOS 5.00 X 2.95 14.75 SQ.M 6 STAFF 1 NOS 4.05 X 3.00 12.15 SQ.M 7 PHYSIOTHERPY ROOM 1 NOS 4.65 X 5.00 23.25 SQ.M 8 GROUND STORAGE 1 NOS 7.95 X 9.95 79.10 SQ.M 9 PLAYER ROOM 2 NOS 4.80 X 10.00 96.00 SQ.M I CHANGING ROOM 2 NOS 5.00 X 4.65 46.50 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 2 NOS 3.55 X 4.65 33.00 SQ.M ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…DESIGN CONTENT
- 78. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 78 III SHOWER ROOM 2 NOS 4.00 X 3.00 24.00 SQ.M IV TOILETS 2 NOS 1.50 X 2.00 10 UMPIRE ROOM 1 NOS 3.90 X 5.00 19.50 SQ.M I CHANGING ROOM 1 NOS 2.50 X 2.50 6.25 SQ.M II LOCKER ROOM 1 NOS 2.40 X 2.50 6.00 SQ.M III TOILET 1 NOS 1.50 X 2.00 E PARKING I 4 WHEELER PARKING 200 NOS 2.50 X 5.50 13.75 SQ.M II 2 WHEELER PARKING 35 NOS 2.00 X 1.50 3.00 SQ.M III BICYCLE PARKING 16 NOS 2.00 X 1.25 2.5 SQ.M TOTAL BUILTUP AREA(A+B+D) 11985 SQ.M INTRODUCTIONTO THANE Thane is a city in Maharashtra, India, at the head of the Thane Creek. Thane is part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. City of Lakes The most famous is the Masunda Lake, also known as Talao Pali. It offers boating and water scooter facilities. On the lakefront stands the Gadkari Rangayatan, a drama theatre which is a very popular hub for entertainment. The Kopineshwar Temple on the banks is the oldest temple in the entire district of Thane. It was built and renovated in about 1750 AD by Chimajji Appa. History The city crops up again in the Middle Ages and slabs and copper plates dating back to the period have been discovered in Thane. One of them, dug up from the foundations of Thane Fort in 1787, dated 1078 AD, is apparently a land grant from Arikesara Devaraja, sovereign of the city of Tagara, wherein he address the inhabitants of a city called Sri Sthanaka.[2] Friar Jordanus visited Thane between AD 1321 and 1324, and described it as being under a Muslim governor. He left a detailed sketch of Nestorian Christians in Thane and refers to the martyrdom of four Christian (Franciscan) friars in the region, nearly 200 years before the Portuguese set foot in India. The celebrated In Battuta and Abul Feda, contemporaries of Friar Jordanus, also came here. They refer to Thane as Kukin Tana[3] and speak of its fame as a port from which ships sailed to the gulf carrying a kind of cloth called 'Tanasi' which was produced in Thane. Duarte Barbosa, a noted traveler, described Thane by the name Tana Mayambu[3] The British occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova, and the island fort of Karanja in 1774. Rail Thane was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in India. On 16 April 1853, the passenger train service was inaugurated between Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) and Thane.[5] Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. Thane is connected with neighboring suburbs through Central and Trans- Harbour Line Suburban railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-Vashi Harbour Line and Central Line. It has become the busiest suburban station in Mumbai which handles 6.54 lakh passengers daily.[6] As of 2013, there are plans of extending the Ghatkopar-Mulund Metro line up to Thane.[7] …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………INTRODUCTION TO THANE
- 79. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 79 On 26th August 2015, MMRDA sanctions ₹ 35,400 crores for 118 km Mumbai metro network. This includes a 40-km Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹ 12,000 crore. [8] Climate Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on a tropical wet and dry climate. Overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and very few days of extreme temperatures. In Thane, temperature varies from 22 °C to 36 °C. Winter temperatures can fall to 12 °C at night while summer temperatures can rise to over 40 °C at noon. The lowest day time temperatures are witnessed during the peak of summer monsoon in July and August when temperatures can drop to about 25 °C. Out of total rainfall, 80% rainfall is experienced during June to October. Average annual rainfall is 2000–2500 mm and humidity is 61-86%, making it a humid-perhumid zone. City may experience multiple days at stretch without direct sunshine due to continuous cloud cover during the peak summer monsoon months of July and August. The driest days are in winter while the wettest days are experienced in July. Demographics The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941;.[9] Average literacy rate of Thane city is 91.36 percent of which male and female literacy was 94.19 and 88.14 percent. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 900 per 1000 boys. Total children (0-6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per Census India report on 2011. There were 98,017 boys while 88,242 are girls. Children form 10.24% of total population of Thane City.[10] The dominant language spoken in Thane is Marathi. Also, Sindhi, Gujrati and Hindi is used in Thane. Some of the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese.
- 80. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 80 SITE LOCATION GENEREAL DETAILS Address – Dhokali Naka, Thane West, Thane Area – 13 acres (52469 sq.m) F.S.I. – 0.25 Permissible Set Backs Front - 6 m Back - 6 m Right - 6 m Left - 6 m SITE ANALYSIS The site for RECREATION CLUB project is taken at THANE, DHOKALI NAKA, NEAR TO OLD AGRA ROAD under THANE Municipal Corporation. The site is a flat land and is about 13 acres It has a 25 m wide adjacent road. It is well connected with public transport system. SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN THANE SITE (DHOKALI NAKA)
- 81. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 81 Surrounded by upcoming residential buildings. The site is 5 KM away from thane railway station. 5 hospitals /medical services around the site. 4 bus stops which help connect till the site. 4 educational institutes in the vicinity. 2 shopping Center on the vicinity. Facts And Data Topography The city is characterized by high hills on one side and submersible marsh land along the Thane Creek, and Ulhās River bank on the other side. The plain terrain actually forms a wide belt along the foot-hills & away from creek water, Ulhās river banks. Such a situation has also distracted the growth and placement of various activities. The highway runs centrally through the plains and windings along the foot of the hills. Climate The Thane Climate is typically coastal, sultry and not very hot. The area receives average rainfall of 2500 mm to 3000 mm viz. in rainy season while the dry period is the summer and winter season. Temperature It is observed that the mean maximum temperature varies from 35oC to 40oC during the whole year. The temperature is maximum during the months of March to June. Due to humidity during this period, the weather condition is intolerable being more sultry. The weather is tolerable during the months of December to February with temperature ranging from 25oC to 35oC being minimum out of the year. Rainfall Being in the western coast, the rainfall is usually experienced from beginning of June to end of September with annual mean rainfall of 2500 mm. The average rainfall in the city over the past decade has been calculated to be about 2442.8 mm. Most of the rainfall received is a result of southwest monsoon. Humidity The range of variation in humidity is from 40% to100%. The highest humidity is observed in the month of August. The overall humidity throughout the year in the city is on the higher side. The average humidity throughout the year is 44% and the maximum humidity experienced during the year in the monsoon months is about 98%. Wind Direction The wind direction is predominantly from west and northwest of the town for Maximum period of the year. The mean wind velocity is about 11 km/hr. The maximum Annual Rainfall in Thane since the year 1992 velocity varies from 15 to 19 km/hr. during June to August. S.W.O.T. Analysis Strengths …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………SITE ANALYSIS
- 82. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 82 In the urban environment, yet secluded from the city buzz. Safe and secure for as not located in a remote area. Peaceful environment Well connected to public transport. Maximum road frontage. Roads wide enough to handle traffic. Well connected to road and rail Weaknesses Ongoing construction in the surrounding area. Opportunities There shall be no commercial development as the entire zone is marked as residential zone in the D.P. No such RECREATION CLUB around the area. Ability to serve neighboring towns dues its connectivity. Threats There can be increase in vehicular traffic as the zone is being rapidly developed Possibility of similar kind of development in the future. Site Photographs …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………SITE ANALYSIS
- 83. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 83
- 84. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 84 Criteria For Site Selection Urban context since it has innumerable opportunities and challenges which skilled and unskilled sports person can find the way towards his career and as well to the level of enjoyment of its own To have the scope to be integrated with nature and enhance the micro climate of the site. A strong Social-Cultural background. A place which is statically located, convenient and easily accessible from major cities. De-stressing the saturated and highly urbanized city of Mumbai. A place where it can develop links with the fast developing industry and other colleges and universities, particular in the immediate region. Reason For EstablishmentIn Thane Thane is the sister city of Mumbai and centrally located as it connects to Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, bhivandi and borivali. It is also well connected to major cities in Maharashtra i.e. pune, Nasik and raigad district. Thane has a predominantly Maharashtrian culture although, like its neighboring city Mumbai, it has a cosmopolitan culture as well. According to the 2011census Thane district has a population of 11,054,131 and with the ever increasing population there is a need for planners and designers to plan the city. Thane has a rich history hence is culturally and socially strong and welcomes all kind of arts and festivals. Well connected with 2 national highways (NH3 & NH4) and 3 state highways. And a strong railways line which connects major parts of India. Thane with the increasing growth in population and infrastructure needs good design sports and recreational center. A major part of thane population travel for work and education to Mumbai. The literacy rate is 80.67%, due to many recreational opportunities in thane, the region lacks RECREATION CLUB and thus people travel far off to gain these opportunities. There is no RECREATION CLUB in thane district or in the central line. A major population of thane travels to other parts for the recreation activity. Reason For Selecting Site At Thane The main purpose for proposing the site at thane is because there is no such RECREATION CLUB and there is a need for such recreation club in thane. It needs a RECREATION CLUB in its vicinity as the region lacks such Recreation club as a result people have to spend their own as well as family gathering far away in search of Recreation club . The place is strategically located, convenient and easily accessible from major cities. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………SITE ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………SITE ANALYSIS
- 85. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 85 CONCLUSION Beginning with the selection of the subject and theme and later, selection of the appropriate site the project involved working out the challenges and problems to be dealt with in a logical manner. In this project, the major challenge was to work out the modalities of the club with its essential amenities, their functional and location significance after conducting the relevant literature and case studies and late to integrate the project development with the essence of the theme to make the club a dynamic platform for wholesome social activity without tempering with the traditional purpose of the club. After witnessing all the statistics and site study, there is a need of Recreation club in Thane a suburb as vibrant as thane as in terms of culture and the people, it would be perfect to add a catalyst to provide a place for people to get together and celebrate communal harmony and togetherness. Interaction playing a key role in all this. Recreational club is meant for public enjoyment and relaxation. Recreational club proposed is supposed to be a tool to entertain the members and visitors. Great care should be taken regarding each and every aspect. Also the choice of material used for both external and internal finishers has been carefully controlled. The use of color has been carefully modulated internally as well as externally throughout it should have sober and peaceful touch of feeling. The building is designed on the theme of openness. Great attention has been paid to the needs of those who will come to the club as well as those who will work in it terms of their physical and psychological wellbeing. Map showing connectivity of thane with other major cities Map showing connectivity between Thane and other cities Map showing connectivity of Thane with other Major cities
- 86. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 86 Looking back this thesis project involved lot of energy and time. At times it appeared quite grueling, but on the whole it has been a wonderful experience. BIBLOGRAPHY Internet www.avidoutdoors.com www.wirednewyork.com www.olympic.org www.Sportsevenuetechnology.com www.tasmajdan.com www.floorscore.com www.soundproof.com www.wikipedia.com www.slideshare.com www.scribd.com www.google.co.in Books Stadia - Geraint John, Rod Sheard,Ben Vickery Sports building & playing field - Richard sudell,david Tennyson walters Sports facilities - john marc Roberts New public architecture - Jeremy Myerson Park planning - monty christiasen Neuferts architects data Library Dr.Baliram Hiray College Of Architecture L S Raheja School of Architecture Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture and Environmental Studies. SUMMARY INDEX 1. PREFACE 2. INTRODUCTION
- 87. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 87 Types of leisure Importance of the Indian context 3. IMPORTANCE OF RECREATION SPORTS Sports and health Sports and school 4. TOPIC JUSTIFICATION Etymology Prerequisites to leisure Play, recreation and work Recreational activities Health and recreation Recreation as a career Need for this topic Aims & objectives Scope and limitation Evolution of sports and recreation Sports and sporting activities 5. INTERACTION AND IMPORTANCE The solution The importance 6. RESEARCH Sequence of design Evolution of design Energy efficiency Promotion of sports Five year plan thrust areas Recommendation Need of combining conventional sports and leisure sports Scales of provisions Males to female ratio Toilet provisions Location of toilets Number of applicant to toilets Spectator seating’s Types and materials Flammability Elements of car parking Parking description Parking statics Effects of parking Salient features Advantages of parking Advance studies Relevance of electives Landscape Interior design Overall finding and proposals Interior of restaurant Landscaping of children playground Site boundary planning Land cost 7. METHODOLOGY 8. CASE STUDIES Project profile Scope of project Objective Project brief Garware Club,Churchgate,Mumbai Introduction Elements & features Observations Analysis of case studies Photos N.S.C.I Club,Worli,Mumbai Introduction Elements & features Observations Analysis of case studies Photos M.C.A.,Bandra,Mumbai Introduction Elements & features Observations Analysis of case studies Photos M.C.A,Kandivali,Mumbai Introduction Elements & features Observations Analysis of case studies Photos Internet case studies San Wayao Recreation club / CSWADI Introduction Photos Birkerod Sports and Leisure Centre / SHL Architects Introduction Facade system Photos 9. COMPARISION OF CASE STUDIES 10. HYPOTHESIS Zoning Planning 11. TECHNICAL DATA Multipurpose ground Swimming Open water
- 88. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 88 Swim style Competition pools Basket ball Dimensions Height Sections of basketball court Center line Three point line Perimeter Low post area Key Restricted area arc Other lines Volleyball Overall dimensions Center line Attack line Service line The net Standards Ceiling height Tennis Court The dimension of tennis court Surface of courts Indoor courts Smaller courts Badminton Court Overall court dimensions The net line Thort service line Center line Side line for single paly Back boundary line and long service line for singles Long service line for doubles The badminton net Table tennis Equipment Ball Table Paddle/racket Skating Gym Billiards Dimensions Pockets Cushions Markings The bed Squash The court Service Play Bowling 12. DESIGN CONTENT 13. INTRODUCTION TO THANE City of lakes History Rail Climate Demographics 14. SITE ANALYSIS Facts & data Topography Climate Temperature Rainfall Humidity Wind directions S.W.O.T.Analysis Site photographs Criteria for site selection Reason for establishment in thane Reason for selecting site in thane 15. SITE LOCATION 16. CONCLUSION 17. BIBLOGRAPHY 18. SUMMARY INDEX
- 89. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 89
- 90. “RECREATION CLUB AT THANE” 90