Man and death(Groupwork Summer)
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This document discusses different philosophical perspectives on dealing with the fear of death. It outlines four common fears - of the death process itself, of punishment after death, of the unknown, and of annihilation. It then examines philosophical arguments for why death should not be feared, including the Stoic response that death is natural, the necessity argument that death gives life meaning, and Epicurus' argument that death cannot harm you when you exist or are dead. The document also explores concepts of immortality through social, cultural, cosmic, and scientific means as alternatives to the soul's immortality.
Man and death(Groupwork Summer)
- 1. The Four Fears How Philosophy deals with the Fear of Death The Concept of Immorality MAN AND DEATH
- 2. But first, What is Death? Death is the permanent cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death happens when life ends. Death is the cessation of consciousness.
- 3. Death can also be associated with the Grim Reaper:
- 6. 1. The Fear of Death When people say that they fear death, it is really not death itself they fear but rather: Physical process of death • Psychological process of death The fear of pain and physical agony Psychological torment of letting go and leaving behind everything and the one they love
- 7. 2. Fear of Punishment People fear after death actually harbor anxieties about one particular possible set of events that they fear might happen after their bodily deaths. These are people who believe in life after death and anticipated divine moral day of judgment, along with its accompanying punishment for what they have done in this life.
- 8. 3. Fear of the Unknown One of the most common forms of human fear is the fear of the unknown. The fear is related to our deep need to feel in control. When we know what is going on, we can feel some sense of control over our environment or our own fortunes, however accurate or delusory that sense might be. The unknown allows for no sure plans or reasonable expectations.
- 9. 4. Fear of annihilation This is the fear of death that gives many contemporary men night terrors. They find themselves suddenly aware that they will inevitably face death, and that what they will confront may in fact be the total cessation of conscious experience, the annihilation of a person they have been, forever.
- 10. How Philosophy Deals With the Fear of Death
- 11. The Stoic Response It tackles the fear of the process of dying. “Life could never dish out to us, and make us endure, more than we were capable of taking.” – Seneca, Epictetus, M. Aurelius At a certain point, the pain is too intense that we lose unconsciousness and no longer suffer. Suicide as a means on ending non-endurable suffering. “God, or nature, will never force us to bear on this earth what we cannot in fact endure.”
- 12. The Natural Process Argument Death is just natural; therefore, it should not be feared. It should be accepted. The process of dying and the state of death, according to naturalists, are just parts of life or nature.
- 13. The Necessity Argument Death is important to… The appreciation of life. The cherishing of every bit of moment. Evolutionary improvement, as generations come and go, a more valuable state of good will be present on earth.
- 14. The Agnostic Argument Syllogistically speaking, It is wrong (inappropriate or irrational) to fear something unless you know that it can harm you. You don’t know that the state of death can harm you. Therefore, it is wrong to fear the state of death. • The process of dying will hurt but will be limited. • Death is eternal and unknown. It could be great or not. • Our attitudes and emotions should not be easily swayed given how little we know about death.
- 15. The Two Eternities Argument Before we were born, we were just a part of a non- existent eternity, which doesn’t obviously hurt or deprive us. After we die, we’ll be again part of that non-existent eternity. These two eternities are congruent, so our state of death will be similar to our state before living. So, why fear death, when we actually have experience the eternity past?
- 16. Epicurus’ Argument When you exist, your death does not, and what does not exist can’t harm you. When your death exists, you do not, and what does not exist cannot be harmed. It is irrational to fear what can’t harm you. It is irrational to fear when you can’t be harmed. At any time, either you exist or your death exists. Thus, for any time either death can’t harm you, or you can’t be harmed by death. Therefore, it is irrational at any time to fear death.
- 17. Reflection or Thoughts For a long time, people haven’t exactly reached a precise argument regarding Death and Dying. Even with all these, philosophies, some people are unmoved and are still have that fear of death. Death is more likely a conundrum than a train of thought.
- 19. Philosophers who believe that death is the end, because they do not believe that there is any such thin as soul or incorporeal mind to survive bodily death, have offered up their own concepts of immortality to help reconcile us to our physical demise. These are not concepts of the immortality of the soul, or of any continuation into the future offered as something like consolations to which we can cling.
- 20. The following discussions look at the most standard: 1. Social Immortality 2. Cultural Immortality 3. Cosmic immortality 4. Scientific immortality
- 21. Social Immortality This concept belongs to people that when they die, they will live on in their children. This is a belief that we can leave something of ourselves behind when we die, throughout genetic offspring.
- 22. Cultural Immortality This relates with people who would like to achieve immortality through their artistic works.
- 23. Cosmic Immortality People who belong to this group usually say when they die, "I want to be cremated and my ashes be spread out in the forest, because when my molecules can enter the earth, and then enter the plants and the animals who feed on those plants, and I will be disbursed, spread around to the point that, ultimately, I will be blended in with the universe, and have a sort of cosmic immortality.".
- 24. Scientific Immortality This is certainly the most interesting, because it is only one to address our desire to live on, not just in memories of others, in the products of our work, or in our molecules, but with conscious experience. Here, we want to live on as a person, not just an influence.
- 25. -With the modern medical advancements, we can preserve our looks and be "better/younger" physiologically in contrast with our chronological age. -Surgery and transplant have extended many people's lives far beyond what they would otherwise have been. -The rise of Cryonics ( practice of freezing dead in hopes that once medical science has come out to understand how to reverse their condition, they can be thawed out to new and endless life) - Rise of generation of computers which will be able of supporting all the contents of neural system.
Editor's Notes
- #2: Animated picture list with color text tabs(Intermediate)To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this page, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then clickBlank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt.In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, double-click Horizontal Picture List (fifth row, second option from the left) to insert the graphic into the slide. Press and hold CTRL, and select the picture placeholder and text shape (top and bottom shape) in one of the objects. Under SmartArt Tools,on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Shape, and then click Add Shape After. Repeat this process one more time for a total of five picture placeholders and text shapes. Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following:In the Height box, enter 4.44”.In the Width box, enter 9.25”.Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Arrange, click Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Middle. Click Align Center. Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text.Press and hold CTRL, and then select all five text boxes in the graphic. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Corbel from the Font list,and then enter 22 in the Font Size box.Select the graphic. Under SmartArtTools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArtStyles group, do the following: Click ChangeColors, and then under Colorful click Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3 (second option from the left).Click More, and then under Best Match for Document click Moderate Effect (fourth option from the left).Select the rounded rectangle at the top of the graphic. Under SmartArtTools, on the Format tab, in the ShapeStyles group, click the arrow next to ShapeFill, and then under Theme Colors clickWhite, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left).Click each of the five picture placeholders in the SmartArt graphic, select a picture, and then click Insert.To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animations group, click Animation Pane.On the slide, select the graphic. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow at the Effects Gallery and under Entrance, click Float In.In the Animation group, click Effect Options, and under Sequence, click One by One. In the Timing group, in the Duration list, click 01.00.In the Animation Pane, click the double-arrow below the animation effect to expand the list of effects, then do the following to modify the list of effects:Select the first animation effect, and then do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow at the Effects Gallery and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Change Entrance Effects dialog box, under Moderate, click Basic Zoom.Click Effect Options, and under Zoom, click Out Slightly. In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.Also in the Timing group, in the Duration list, click 01.00.Press and hold CTRL, select the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and 11th animation effects (effects for the text shapes), and then do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow at the Effects Gallery and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Change Entrance Effects dialog box, under Basic, click Peek In, and then click OK. In the Animation group, click Effect Options, and underDirection, click From Top.In the Timing group, in the Duration list, click 01.00.Press and hold CTRL, select the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and 10th animation effects (effects for the pictures). In the Timing group, in the Start list, selectAfter Previous.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear on the slider, then customize the gradient stops as follows:Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 130, Green: 126, and Blue: 102.Select the last stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 71%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).