Lesson 3.1- History of Computer.pptx
- 1. Principles of Information Systems(PIS1) Lecturer: Rubben Nambinga Email: rubbennambinga@gmail.com
- 2. Basic Concepts of Computers Lesson One Objectives At the end of this lesson you will be able to: • Define a computer • Discuss the history of computer
- 3. What is a computer? A computer is defined as an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data (Goodwill Computer Foundation, 2016)
- 4. History of Computer The first counting device was used by the primitive people. They used sticks, stones and bones as counting tools. As human mind and technology improved with time more computing devices were developed. Some of the popular computing devices starting with the first to recent ones are described as follows.
- 5. History of Computer cont…. Napier's Bones It was a manually-operated calculating device which was invented by John Napier (1550-1617) of Merchiston. In this calculating tool, he used 9 different ivory strips or bones marked with numbers to multiply and divide. So, the tool became known as "Napier's Bones. It was also the first machine to use the decimal point.
- 6. History of Computer cont…. Pascaline Pascaline is also known as Arithmetic Machine or Adding Machine. It was invented between 1642 and 1644 by a French mathematician-philosopher Biaise Pascal. It is believed that it was the first mechanical and automatic calculator. Pascal invented this machine to help his father, a tax accountant. It could only perform addition and subtraction. It was a wooden box with a series of gears and wheels. When a wheel is rotated one revolution, it rotates the neighboring wheel. A series of windows is given on the top of the wheels to read the totals.
- 7. History of Computer cont…. Stepped Reckoner or Leibnitz wheel It was developed by a German mathematician- philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz in 1673. He improved Pascal's invention to develop this machine. It was a digital mechanical calculator which was called the stepped reckoner as instead of gears it was made of fluted drums.
- 8. History of Computer cont…. Difference Engine In the early 1820s, it was designed by Charles Babbage who is known as "Father of Modern Computer". It was a mechanical computer which could perform simple calculations. It was a steam driven calculating machine designed to solve tables of numbers like logarithm tables.
- 9. History of Computer cont…. Analytical Engine This calculating machine was also developed by Charles Babbage in 1830. It was a mechanical computer that used punch-cards as input. It was capable of solving any mathematical problem and storing information as a permanent memory.
- 10. History of Computer cont…. Tabulating Machine It was invented in 1890, by Herman Hollerith, an American statistician. It was a mechanical tabulator based on punch cards. It could tabulate statistics and record or sort data or information. This machine was used in the 1890 U.S. Census. Hollerith also started the Hollerith?s Tabulating Machine Company which later became International Business Machine (IBM) in 1924.
- 11. History of Computer cont…. Differential Analyzer It was the first electronic computer introduced in the United States in 1930. It was an analog device invented by Vannevar Bush. This machine has vacuum tubes to switch electrical signals to perform calculations. It could do 25 calculations in few minutes.
- 12. History of Computer cont…. Mark I The next major changes in the history of computer began in 1937 when Howard Aiken planned to develop a machine that could perform calculations involving large numbers. In 1944, Mark I computer was built as a partnership between IBM and Harvard. It was the first programmable digital computer.
- 13. End of Lesson Activity 1. In your own words, define the term computer. 2. What was the first computer called? 3. When and who invented the first computer mouse? 4. Who is the father of the computer?