Explanation about computer by ika asmarani, xii ipa 3
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A computer is an electronic device that can store, process, and retrieve data. It consists of hardware and software. The central processing unit (CPU), also called the processor, is the brain of the computer and consists of a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit. The control unit coordinates operations and data flow, while the arithmetic/logic unit performs arithmetic and logical operations. Random access memory (RAM) is used for temporary storage of programs and data during use and is much faster than secondary storage like a hard disk.
![What is a Computer? “… [A] programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data.” (N. Dale & D. Orshalick, Introduction to PASCAL and Structured Design, D.C. Heath & Co., Lexington MA, 1983, p. 2)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/explanationaboutcomputerbyikaasmaranixiiipa3-110929102235-phpapp02/85/Explanation-about-computer-by-ika-asmarani-xii-ipa-3-1-320.jpg)
Explanation about computer by ika asmarani, xii ipa 3
- 1. What is a Computer? “… [A] programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data.” (N. Dale & D. Orshalick, Introduction to PASCAL and Structured Design, D.C. Heath & Co., Lexington MA, 1983, p. 2)
- 2. Components of a Computer Computer Hardware Physical Devices Software Instructions & Data
- 3. Categories of Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit (CPU) Storage Primary : Cache, RAM Secondary : Hard disk, removable (e.g., CD) I/O Input Devices Output Devices
- 4. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called the processor , is the “ brain ” of the computer. Intel PentiumD (exterior) http://www6.tomshardware.com/cpu/20050405/ Intel PentiumD Smithfield Dual Core Innards http://www6.tomshardware.com/cpu/20050405/pentium_d-02.html
- 5. CPU Parts The CPU consists of three main parts: Control Unit Arithmetic/Logic Unit Registers – do not need to know anything about registers for this course
- 6. General Purpose Computer For the purpose of the OCR exam, a general purpose computer consists of: Control Unit Arithmetic/Logic Unit RAM
- 7. CPU Parts – Control Unit Everything that happens to data inside a general purpose computer has to be coordinated or it just wont work properly. Organising this coordination is the job of the Control Unit. Control Unit Fetch Next Instruction Fetch Data Store Data Increment Instruction Execute Instruction
- 8. Control Unit The control unit acts as a go-between linking the ALU and the system memory. The control unit controls the functioning of the CPU and data flow. It accepts the data from the system memory, passes the data to the ALU for performing arithmetic and logical operations, and returns the processed data back to the system memory. The Control Unit does not ‘do’, it directs or decides what to do next.
- 9. Arithmetic/Logic Unit Arithmetic/Logic Unit Add Sub Mult Div And Or Not …
- 10. Arithmetic/Logic Unit The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operations : e.g., add, subtract, multiply, divide, square root, cosine, etc. Logical operations : e.g., compare two numbers to see which is greater, check whether a true-false statement is true, etc.
- 11. Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM is used to store programs and data whilst the computer is switched on. As soon as the power is switched off, all the data disappears. It is known as ‘Volatile’ memory. RAM if very fast compared to a hard disk. A typical hard disk can take about 10 milli-seconds to get a piece of data, whilst RAM will take about 10 nano-seconds. That is one thousand million times faster! This is why a computer needs both a hard disk and RAM. It uses RAM for speed and the hard disk to store data whilst switched off.
- 12. RAM It is ‘Random’ because any part of the memory can be accessed directly by the computer. RAM is made up of locations , also known as cells . Each location has a unique address that never changes.