personality.pptx
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The document discusses personality from several perspectives. It defines personality as a set of characteristics that determine individual differences in behavior over time. Personality is shaped by heredity, culture, family, life experiences, and social interactions. It can be measured through self-reports, observer ratings, and projective tests. Trait theory views personality in terms of traits like shyness or ambition. The Big Five model identifies the five core personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness. The document also contrasts Type A and Type B personality styles.
personality.pptx
- 2. The word “PERSONALITY is derived from the Latin word “PERSONA” which means “mask” or “speak through” Thus , Personality traditionally refers to how people influence others through their external appearances . Or simply the mask we present to the World . Generally , Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system . Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interact with others .
- 3. DEFINITIONS “ A set of characteristics and tendencies that determine those commonalities and differences in the behaviour of people that have continuity in time and that may not be easily understand as the sole result of the social and biological pressures of the moment . - S.R Maddi “ Personality may be understood as the characteristics patterns of behaviour and modes of thinking that determine a persons adjustment to the environment . “ - E.R . Hilgard ,R.C Atkison & R.L Atkison “ Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical system that determine his unique adjustments to his environment .” - Gordon Allport
- 4. DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY Factors effecting Personality are : Heredity Culture Family Background Experience through Life The People they interact with
- 5. MEASURING PERSONALITY The main ways in which Personality is measured are : Self - Report Survey Observer – Rating Survey Projective Measures
- 6. TRAIT THEORY Traditional approach of identifying , understanding and describing Personality in terms of Traits . Traits includes Shyness , Aggressiveness , Submissiveness , Laziness , Ambition , Loyalty , Timidity . When someone exhibits these characteristics in a large number of situations we call them Personality Traits . The more consistent the characteristics and the more frequently a trait occur in diverse situations , the more important that the Trait is in describing the individual .
- 7. Primary Trait or Source Trait are the 16 Personality factors identified to determine an individuals behaviour . This was identified by Cattel . These primary traits have been found to be generally steady and constant source of behaviour , allowing production of an individuals behaviour in specific situations . A number of early efforts tried to identify the primary Traits that govern the human behaviour but was in vain . But , The two exception were : o Myers – Briggs Type Indicator o The Big Five Model PRIMARY TRAITS
- 8. A widely used Personality Assessment instrument in the World . It’s a 100 – question Personality test . Based on the answers individuals are classified into : i. Extrovert or Introvert (E or I) ii. Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) iii. Perceiving or Judging (P or J) iv. Thinking or Feeling (T or F )
- 9. INTJ ‘s - Visionaries Have original minds and great drive for their own ideas and purposes . Skeptical , Critical , Independent , Determined , Stubborn . ESTJ ‘s - Organizers Realistic , Logical , Analytical , Decisive and have a natural head for Business or Mechanics . They like to organise and run activities . ENTP ‘s - Conceptualizer Innovative , Individualistic , Versatile and Attracted to entrepreneurial ideas . Tends to be resourceful in solving challenging problems but many neglect routine assignments . A book profiling 13 contemporary Business people who created super – successful firms like Apple Company , AT and T , Exxon e.t.c are Intuitive Thinkers .
- 10. In contemporary , An impressive body of research supports that the five basic dimensions motivate all others and encompass most of the significant variation in Human Personality . This Five Basic Dimension or The Five – Factor Model of Personality is typically known as The Big Five Model or Big – Five . The Big Five Factors are : i. Extraversion ii. Agreeableness iii. Conscientiousness iv. Emotional Stability v. Openness to experience
- 12. TYPE A PERSONALITY A Person with Type A Personality is aggressively involved in a chronic , incessant , struggle achieve more and more in less and less time . Characteristics Always moving , walking and eating rapidly . Feel impatient with the rate at which most events takes place . Strive to think or to do two or more things at once . Cannot cope with leisure time . Obsessed with numbers .
- 13. TYPE B PERSONALITY A Person with Type B Personality is relaxed , incomplete and easy going . Characteristics Never suffer from a time of urgency with it accompanying impatience . Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievement or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation . Play for fun or relaxation . Can relax without guilt .