01. SHIP FIRE.ppt
- 2. V.SUBRAMANIAN, M.A. (Pub. Admin) Ad. Dip. Fire Engg . ( N.F.S.C. ) ASST. FIRE OFFICER& Pollution Control i/c, TUTICORIN PORT TRUST vs_firehorse@yahoo.com 0461 2353035 firedevilvs@ gmail.com 94420 54141
- 4. H A R B O U R
- 5. What is Harbour ? • In short it can be said as the interface between inland and marine transportation system. • Interface means the facilities and services provided by the port from to inland transports and viz. Versa.
- 6. Facilities provided by the port Wharf and jetties, Ware houses and Transit sheds, Container yard terminal and container handling system, Dry dock facilities, Electrical installations, Heavy machineries and equipments, Railway yard, Conveyance, Hospital ,Residential , Communication, Office complex with staff of various departments, Office complex for agents and other agencies Labours etc.
- 7. CARGOES HANDLED AT PORT AND FIRE FIGHTING ARRANGEMENTS • There are 12 major ports in the country. • Tuticorin Cochin,, JNPT Mumbai, New Mangalore, Kandla, Kolkatta/ Haldia, Paradip, Vizag, Chennai Ennore and 162 other ports.
- 8. • There are general cargo berths where wheat, rice, corn, green peace, chilly, onion, raw cashew nuts, coconut fibers, coconut shell charcoal, raw cotton, textiles, timber log, coal were handled. Bi-cycles and machinery parts granite stones, pebbles, cement, sand, brick and construction materials are also handled. Apart from this urea, sulphur, MOP- (morato of potash), rock phosphate, copper ore, calcium, caustic soda flakes, caustic soda lye, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. are also handled at general cargo berth.
- 9. • At coal jetties conveyor systems are provided for transshipment of coal from ship to necessary place ex : Thermal power station. • Oil jetty is one of the vulnerable places in harbour where dangerous and petroleum products are discharged from tankers to terminals or loaded to tankers from terminals. The products handled are Naphtha, Furnace oil, Kerosene, Motor spirit ( petrol), Hi speed diesel oil, Ethylene di-chloride, V.C.M (Vinyl chloro-monomer ), LPG and Ammonia.
- 10. • Main Control panel of the fire alarm system is provided at the fire station and manual call points are situated at the wharf and jetties to alert the fire station in case of any emergency. Fire hydrant network is also provided at the wharf area and in the residential area. • Transit sheds, ware houses, office complex, workshop, electrical sub stations, transformer rooms, and wharf cranes are provided with appropriate types of fire extinguishes according to the risk to be covered.
- 11. • The tugs which are used for towing the vessel are also provided with suitable type of fire extinguishers and they consist of fire fighting arrangements. • Regarding the fire fighting arrangements fire tenders are always kept on standby duty whenever oil tankers is at the jetty, with protective clothing, Breathing apparatus sets, Canister for different atmosphere. • A part from this a huge pump house is situated at oil jetty.
- 12. Pump house • Water pump Diesel operated. 700-horse power 3 numbers vertical turbine pump Capacity 610 m3/hrJockey pump Electrically operated 50 H.P. 2 numbers vertical turbine pump Capacity 30 m3/hrPump with foam 3 Numbers Diesel operated injection pump Proportionator Capacity 120 H.P. 27 m3 /hr. Tower Monitor2 Nos. throw 85 meters Horizontally, throw 35 meters vertically facilitates to deliver water or foam as required Ground level monitor2 Nos. Water & foam. Horizontal throw 55 mts, Vertical 25 mts. Jumbo Water curtains Mayuri Type 4 Nos
- 14. Layout of Tuticorin Port – Breakwaters & Berths VOC- I VOC- II VOC-III VOC- IV AB-II AB-I 8th Berth Coal Jetty-II 9th Berth SWB-I SWB-II 4086 m Entrance Channel Length 2400 m Width 183 m Depth 12.50 m 2738 m Distance between NBW & SBW 1274 m
- 15. TYPES OF SHIPS WAR SHIPS : Above water level-- aircraft carriers destroyer under water-- submarines etc LUXURY VESSELS --Ferries, Small sailing crafts, Sports vessels , luxury yachts NAVIGATION VESSELS :Light ships, tugs, dredgers, weather ships , Ice breakers. SPECIALISED VESSELS :Research vessels , Cable layers, etc.
- 16. TYPES OF SHIPS FISHING VESSELS: Fishing trawlers, Whaling vessels CARRIER SHIPS A) Passenger ships: Liners, passenger / cargo ferries. B) Cargo ships: 1.Bulk Carriers : Dry carriers, tankers, oil gas chemical and combined carriers 2.General Carriers: : Cargo ships, container ships , Ro-ro ships, sto-ro ships, barges and lash vessels.
- 26. Passenger ship
- 29. US BASED WAR SHIP- NIMIT
- 33. WAR SHIPS
- 37. Pamban bridge
- 39. TERMINOLOGY OF A SHIP
- 40. CAUSES OF FIRE IN SHIPS
- 41. CAUSES OF FIRE IN SHIPS • Lights thrown down due to negligence • Sparks from welding & cutting plants • Spontaneous combustion and Chemical reaction • Friction in machinery • Electrical defects • Friction due to machineries working in holds. • Static charges from lightning
- 42. 1) Lights thrown down due to negligence: Fire due to people smoking on the upper side of the super structure or in an elevated portion happening to throw lighted smoke butts or cigarettes thinking that it will fall into sea water. But due to strong wind at the lower part of ship it is blown into the ship, thus causing fire in the lower level decks and ships holds.
- 43. 2) Sparks from welding and cutting plants: Due to metallic construction of the ship the metal sheets and parts get rusted and worn out . Hence to repair the same welding and cutting works are frequently carried out on board of a ship. This leads to the spark and burning molten metals scatters inside the vessel particularly in the spaces below these operational spots, thus resulting in a fire with out the knowledge of the operator, when suitable permission has to be received from authorized personnel.
- 44. 3) Spontaneous combustion and chemical reaction: • Paint used for machineries, super structure and hull and other parts, greasy manila and nylon ropes used to secure the vessel, cotton wastes lub oils are carried in a ship in large quantities in ship storage area which are highly combustible. Consequent chances of fire spreading out in these storage are very high, when the personnel in ship fails to maintain the store properly. Hence healthy house keeping is necessary.
- 45. 4) Friction in machineries : • Machineries of a ship ( Engine and D.G. Sets ) work continuously for many days and possibilities are there for the propeller shafts get over heated due to lack of lubrication or maintenance.
- 46. 5) Electrical defect: • The electrical installation on board of a vessel get deteriorated too soon due to salty weather, also get damaged due to being rubbed against the movement of cargo resulting in short circuits. Causing thick sparks which come in contact with combustible material invariably start a fire and other similar causes due to the negligence, carelessness and poor maintenance also included for causes of fire.
- 47. 6) Friction due to Heavy machineries used in holds. • Many time heavy machineries like front ended loaders, bull dousers are operated inside the hatches for collecting the cargoes like coal, sulphur etc., the tyres rub with the metallic surface inside the hatch , due abnormal heat generated, the cargo catch fire.
- 48. 7) Static charges from lightning • Ships when hit by lightning may burst into flame
- 58. TANKER
- 60. • Water based installation are provided in ships holds and accommodations areas. • Foam based installation are provided in holds, cargo tanks and machinery spaces, paint stores etc. • Gas based automatic installation in ship holds, stores, bridge, machinery area, computer rooms, etc.
- 61. • Apart from this, various types of fire extinguishes of various capacities are installed at various places as per risks to be covered, apart from the above proper inspection of port fire station authority and continuous vigilance also important to avoid any fire risk situations.
- 62. • At this juncture it is to be noted that SOLAS conventions (safety of life at sea) had made hard and fast rules, all ships should have international shore connection or international connection in their fire-fighting network. This is nothing but the hermaphrodite coupling connected with flange to avoid any difficulty during emergency and carry out fire fighting in case of emergency.
- 63. Another major problem is language Often the fire service personnel face language problem, due to lack of English knowledge. The crew members of some country do not know or undersigned English, causing various problem in conveying the message among themselves or to the external agencies. Incidents of fire occurred since some of the crew member could not communicate a fire message to his superiors and worsen the situation.
- 65. • The stability of the ship has great consideration during fire fighting. It is to be remembered at this juncture that the master of the vessel has to be contacted on arrival at the site on board of vessel and all action and operation can be proceeded as per his direction owing in mind about the stability of the ship.
- 66. The following three points govern the stability of the ship • CENTRE OF GRAVITY • CENTRE OF BUOYANCY • META CENTRE
- 67. CENTRE OF GRAVITY Center of Gravity of a body is the point through which the force of gravity is considered to act vertically downward with a force equivalent to the weight of the body.
- 68. BUOYANCY The upward thrust which is equivalent to the weight of water displaced is known as buoyancy and it act vertically upward through the point called centre of buoyancy.
- 69. META CENTRE • It is the point at which the verticals through at two consecutive angles of heel intersect. • Thus when the water thrown during fire fighting at various levels will have great effect on the stability of a ship affecting the ships equilibrium. Due to this the ships stable equilibrium is affected and it is in neutral equilibrium and addition of further water over high level will lead the ship to unstable equilibrium and thus resulting to the capsize of the ship.
- 89. O • IMO- Inter National Maritime Organization • SOLAS convention - held by U.N in 1948 • MMD- Mercantile Marine Department (of Ministry of Surface Transport, Govt. of India)
- 90. S O L A S • SAVE OUR L IFE AT SEA
- 92. Legislation
- 93. • The SOLAS convention is an international agreement drawn up under the auspicious of the International Maritime Organization and updated at intervals. The convention lays down various standard relating to ship board fire protection. In India Mercantile Marine Department (MMD) of Ministry of Surface Transport, Govt. Of India has already given to a number of current or earlier SOLAS requirements through various statutory instruments which lay down rules concerning the ship construction, life saving appliances, fire fighting equipments, means of escape etc.
- 94. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO FIRE PROTECTION ON BOARD A VESSEL • The exact provisions of the rules relating to fire protection are very detailed and vary according to the class and size of ship. The rules do not apply to vessels of very low tonnage.
- 95. o It should be possible for at least two jets of water to reach any accessible part of the vessel o The ship should have at least two main fire pumps located at different please o Fire Extinguishers in all service and accommodation area o Fixed Fire smothering installation to protect cargo spaces
- 96. o Machinery spaces should have special Fire protection according to the type of machinery o Personnel protective equipments including B.A. Sets o For ships over 1000 tons an International shore connection to be fitted to either side of the ship.
- 99. EXPLOSIVE TENDENCY HIGH FLAMMABILITY SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION TENDENCY TOXIC NATURE RADIOLOGICAL EFFECT CORROSIVENESS
- 100. REACTIVITY WITH WATER OR AIR STATIC ELECTRIFICATION GENERATION OF INTENSE HEAT ON BURNING REACTIVITY WITH OTHER MATERIALS
- 101. CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AS PER IMDG CODE
- 102. CLASS-1 EXPLOSIVES CLASS-2 GASES- COMPRESSED, LIQUID,DISSOLVED, INFLAMMABLE CLASS-3 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS CLASS-4 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS CLASS-5 OXIDISING AGENTS
- 103. CLASS-6 POISIONOUS, INFECTIOUS MATERIAL CLASS-7 RADIO ACTIVE MATERIALS CLASS-8 CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES CLASS-9 MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS MATERIALS
- 106. MARINE POLLUTION
- 107. Floating garbage and spillage of oil causes marine pollution. The garbage are collected by boats and disposed with suitable way with perfect supervision to avoid any accumulation in the break water. Regarding spillage of oil, if the oil spill is less in quantity spill-o-care ( oil spill dispersant ) is sprayed and the oil get dissolved in the chemicals and sink. Another way to control the spillage area is to cover or garland the spill with oil booms. The oil trapped inside the boom are removed by skimmers and pumped into slope tanks. Remaining oil are collected or absorbed absorbent pads.
- 108. As over all fire protection arrangements fire stations are situated having foam tenders, water tenders, trailer pumps and portable pumps along with full fledged man power and trained officers round the clock. All fire fighting equipments in the premises of port is maintained by fire service personnel with facility to periodicals and the record is maintained up to date.
- 123. T U G
- 124. PASSENGER SHIP
- 126. Any ? ? ? ? ?