010320171Supporting Change within Organisations.docx
- 1. 01/03/2017 1 Supporting Change within Organisations Diploma in HR Practice Version 3 01/03/2017 Domestics • Fire Exits • Toilets • Breaks • Mobile Phones • Timings of the session • Ground Rules Learning Outcomes By the end of this session, you will be able to: 1. Understand why organisations need to change and how change affects organisations
- 2. 2. Understand the key factors involved in the change process and different approaches to managing change 3. Understand the impact of change on employees and the role of HR 01/03/2017 2 Learning Outcome 1 Understand why organisations need to change and how change affects organisations Change Management – Definition ... is the process of achieving the smooth implementation of change by planning and introducing it systematically, taking into account the likelihood of it being resisted. Source: Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource
- 3. Management Practice. London: Kogan Page. Group Exercise Why do organisations change? 01/03/2017 3 • Change is ‘the only thing’ that remains constant (Armstrong 2009) • Major change tends to happen approximately every 3 years (CIPD) • Change needs to be managed • Most change initiatives fail CIPD research suggests that less than 60% of re- organisations met their stated objectives Source: http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/changemmt/chngmgm t.htm Change is inevitable Internal Pressure • Increasing costs • Desire to enter into new markets
- 4. External Pressure • Changing economic conditions • Pressure from customers Indicators of change Some internal factors that may drive change 1. Strategic objectives 2. Expansion/downsizing of business 3. Critical incidents 4. Results from internal analyses Internal Factors 01/03/2017 4 Some external factors that may drive change 1. Global/national/local change 2. External analyses 3. Changing needs/demands of customers 4. Changing economic conditions
- 5. External Factors Group Exercise Identify a company that has gone through a major change driven by either internal or external pressures List all the factors that have made this change happen. 1. Strategic Change 2. Operational Change 3. Transformational Change Types of Change 01/03/2017 5 • Broad, long-term and organisation wide • Purpose and mission of the organisation, philosophies • Growth, quality, innovation, values, competitive positioning e.g. British Telecom
- 6. • Strategic goals for achieving and maintaining competitive advantage • Product market development 1. Strategic Change New systems, procedures, structures or technology that will have an immediate effect on working arrangement e.g. New procedure for charging expenses 2. Operational Change Fundamental and comprehensive changes in structures, processes, and behaviours that have a dramatic effect on the way in which the organisation functions e.g. Mergers between two companies 3. Transformational Change 01/03/2017 6 Using the company identified in the previous group exercise, decide whether these changes that you have identified are
- 7. 1) Strategic 2) Operational or 3) Transformational (or a combination) Highlight at least 3 reasons why Group Exercise Learning Outcome 2 Understand the key factors involved in the change process and different approaches to managing change Change Models 01/03/2017 7 1. Lewin’s Model – Unfreeze, Change, Refreeze 2. Beckhard’s Model – Change Programme Processes Change models 1. Lewin’s Change Model Unfreeze Change Refreeze
- 8. According to Beckhard, a change programme should incorporate the following processes: 1. Set goals and define the future state 2. Diagnose the present condition 3. Define the transition state activities 4. Develop strategies and plan actions 2. Beckhard’s Processes 01/03/2017 8 Change impacts the culture of the organisation. Culture is “the personality of an organization.” - Edgar H. Schein Organisational Culture Organisations affected by change •Purchased UK bank Abbey •Acquired 3 UK businesses within 5 years •Purchased 318 branches of RBS in August 2010 What did they do?
- 9. •Sent UK staff over to Spanish branches to gain best practices •Reduce the pressure on staff •Support resources put in Santander’s strategies 01/03/2017 9 What other change strategies can you think of that Santander can do to make the transition easier? Group Exercise Depends on many factors for individuals: • How significant is the change? • What are their personal circumstances? • How well do they cope with change? • Do they view change positively or negatively? Also depends on the impact of individuals on change • Was the change driven by external factors? If so, it is imperative to get some people to be in favour of it • Who here has been impacted by change?
- 10. Impact of change Peter Senge identifies the different responses to change: Reactions to change Position Response to Change Commitment Want change to happen and will work to make it happen Enrolment Want change to happen; will devote time and energy to make it happen within given frameworks Genuine compliance See the virtue in what is proposed, do what is asked of them and think proactively about what is needed Formal compliance Can describe the benefits of what is proposed and are not hostile to them. Do what they are asked, but no more. Grudging compliance Do not accept that there are benefits to what is proposed and do not go along with it. Do enough of what is being asked of them to not jeopardise their position. Voice opposition and hopes for failure. Non-compliance Do not accept that there are benefits and have nothing to lose by opposing the proposition. Will not do what is asked of them. Apathy Neither in support of nor in position to the proposal, just serving time.
- 11. Source: Peter Senge (2006) The Fifth Discipline 01/03/2017 10 Refer to Impact of Change handout. 1. Identify different individuals/groups of individuals that will be affected by this merger and think about what position they are likely to take in this change. 2. What are the factors that will influence the positions taken? Group Exercise Individual’s Emotional Reaction to change Em o ti o n Time Denial Depression
- 12. Acceptance Commitment Source: Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’ Change Curve CIPD’s tool for supporting change • Approaches to change: Key issues and challenges ‘7C’s of Change’ 1. Choosing a Team 2. Crafting the vision and path 3. Connecting organisation-wide change 4. Consulting stakeholders 5. Communicating 6. Coping with Change 7. Capturing Learning Approaches to change 01/03/2017 11 Learning Outcome 3 Understand the impact of change on
- 13. employees and the role of HR 1. Advisory – Provide advice for managers on people-related issues (dealing with individual reactions) 2. Administrative – Co-ordinating change by developing project plans or roadmaps, monitor and keep track of change while it is happening 3. Supporting Role – Support in coping with change particularly in behavioural and emotional aspects. HR’s role in change Two broad types of resistance: 1. Resistance to the content of the change – Change in technology or the introduction of a new reward system 2. Resistance to the process of the change – The way change is introduced i.e. Management restructuring jobs without prior consultation to employees Resistance
- 14. 01/03/2017 12 • Loss of control • Shock of the new • Uncertainty • Inconvenience • Threat to status • competence Why resist? Refers to those employees who ‘survive’ an organisation after change has happened. • Attitudes, feelings, perceptions of survivors • Lower levels of employee morale • Increased work pressure and stress on survivors • Survivors feeling ‘cheated’ if those who left get generous severance packages • Perceptions of fewer career development opportunities Survivor Syndrome
- 15. Group Exercise Your company is restructuring and downsizing your mail-order business moving from 3 different offices 10 miles apart to 1 new purpose-built office building. As an HR professional equipped to handle change, you have decided to use 3 methods of communication to help you in this transition. 1. Focus Groups 2. Employee Survey 3. Team Meetings Using the above methods, list the benefits of each, and list ways on how you would involve employees. 01/03/2017 13 • Communication and consultation • Employee Support • Employee Assistance programmes • Outplacement • Change policies Supporting Change Case study: Vodafone handout. Read case study and answer the questions in
- 16. your group. Group Exercise CIPD Qualifications | Training | HR Advice | HR Projects | HR Outsourcing | HR Software 40 Professional Standards Plagiarism What do you think this means? “Plagiarism is the act of presenting the ideas or discoveries of another as one’s own. To copy sentences, phrases or even striking expressions without acknowledgement in a manner which may deceive the reader as to the source is plagiarism; to paraphrase in a manner which may deceive the reader is likewise plagiarism.” University of Kent (2015). See Student Handbook Page 16. Examples of Plagiarism: – with or without their permission. journals or newspapers – not sourced. your assignment work. Note - It is acceptable to collaborate with fellow students, but the work you submit must be significantly different and your own.
- 17. 01/03/2017 14 THANK YOU! Running head: STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE NBA TO INCREASE AUDIENCE1 Strategic Plan for the NBA to increase audience 4 Strategic Plan for the NBA to increase audience Cedrick Greer NETW583 2/6/2020 Analysis of the financial status of potential customers To maximize the number of customers, an organization needs to understand the customer's financial capability to understand what price to set, an amount that the customer can pay comfortably (Woodham, 2010). For the MBA ticket, most of the fans who would want to see the games usually are college students (Mendelson, 2016). This target market is characterized by individuals who depend on their parents for the financing of
- 18. their stay in the university (Staton, 2015). They spend what is given to them on basic needs and are left with some little cash, which they can spend on the ticket. The plan is to reduce the cost of the card so that every student can afford to buy it (Ramsborg & B Miller, 2015). The card is the last option for the student because I considered a luxury expense; therefore, the company should make it worth to be prioritized by the students (Wright, 2015). The company should also give promotional tickets to those who are not able to pay (Tomlinson, Buttle, & Moores, 1995). Preparation of event posters for promotions and advertisements a) Signs are beneficial when creating awareness to the public about the events; this increases the number of audiences that will want to attend the events (Hoyle, 2010). b) Through visual retention impact, the posters attract the attention of the student more than the verbal form of promotion (Tiago & Veríssimo, 2014). c) The audience does not take information that is shared verbally seriously because they have no proof, and as well it can be rumors unlike when the audience read it from a poster (Hertz & Alfr, 2011). d) When a person reads a poster, it only means that they are interested, unlike telling people who may not be affected.Involving influential individuals such as celebrities in organizing the even Celebrity and starts often have followers and connections to fans and followers. When organizations use a star as their cover photo, it attracts more people to attend the events (HANSSON., 2018). Some fans will only participate in the event due to the celebrity presence, and as a result, more people will be attracted to the game (Tomlinson et al., 1995).Use of social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp to advertise the game event The target audience for the NBA event is a student. Since most students use social media more than anyone else, reaching for the student using social media will be ideal for achieving a high
- 19. number of audiences and fans (Gilligan, 2014). Due to the social media, awareness of the event, the audience, and fans turn up in the game will increase.Creation of website where fans will be interacting Through the website, the fans can interact with each other and create a solid bond between each other that makes the basketball interesting. Through the site, all those fans who want to attend the event can interact with others (Crown, 2017). This interaction will invite even those fans who were not interested before. Through this interaction, meaningful information about the event can be communicated like the date of the game, which can help the fan remember to come to the game, which increases the attendance of the game (Ramsborg & B Miller, 2015). References Crown, S. (2017, October 11). sports online marketing strategy. The Guardian, p. 21. Gilligan, C. a. (2014). International Marketing: Strategy and Management. New York: sprincer. HANSSON., A. C. (2018). MARKETING STRATEGIC CHALLENGES. management journal, 8(4), 6. Hertz, S., & Alfr, M. (2011). Strategic development of third party logistics providers. Industrial Marketing Management. Elsevier Science, 32(4), 139–149. Hoyle, L. (2010). The Wiley event management series,. In Event marketing. (p. 77). New York:: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Mendelson, D. (2016, december 12). The Top 12 Event Planning Certifications. Retrieved February 09, 2020, from blog.bizzabo.com Ramsborg, G., & B Miller, D. B. (2015). Professional meeting management: Comprehensive strategies for meetings, conventions and events. In Kendall/Hunt Publishing (p. 44). Dubuque: Iowa. Staton, M. G. (2015). Improving Student Job Placement and Assessment Through the Use of Digital Marketing Certification Programs. Marketing Education Review., 26(1), 20–24.
- 20. Sufrin CB, R. J. (2008). Pharmaceutical industry marketing: understanding its impact on women's health. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 63(9), 585–9. Thomas, M. (2017). . "Domains of Digital Marketing Channels in the Sharing Economy. Journal of Marketing Channels., 24(27), 33. Tiago, M. T., & Veríssimo, J. M. (2014). Digital Marketing and Social Media; Why Bother? INBAM, Business Horizons.: Business Horizons. Woodham, J. (2010). Twentieth-Century marketing using social media. London: Oxford University Press. Wright, C. (2015). Factors associated with success opportunities in professional marketing plan. International Journal of Performance Analysis in business, 11(3), 438-449. Running head: NBA OUTLINE 1 STRATEGIC PLAN 3 Strategic Plan for the NBA-Outlook Cedrick Greer NETW583 January 28, 2020
- 21. Strategic Plan for the NBA that will ensure more fans attend games Basketball association is facing the challenge of not being capable of mobilizing supporters of basketball into the stadium to what games and this challenge has been caused by poor strategies where needs of the supporters were not considered in crucial decision making, especially on the pricing plan. This paper is going to address strategic plans that will ensure the association makes good use of the spaces by attracting more fans of basketball. The first step is to analyze the economic status of the fans and keeping in mind that most of the fans targeted are students, the pricing mechanism should be cheap in a way that most students can afford. Some games tickets should be given free as a promotional technique to attract more customers who will be then buying the cards in the future. The next strategy is for the event organizers to prepare event posters and hang them out for the students and other individuals to see and be aware of the game. Sometimes supporters who have a busy schedule during the day do not have enough time to know all the fixtures, so posters need to be put in place in all places to advertise the event. Signs leave a lasting impression, and it is relatively cheaper as compared to other forms of advertisement (Seungmo et al., 2008). Working with influencers who can be celebrities, local players or coaches in planning and mobilizing the audience for basketball event have a positive influence as the audience are highly connected to influencers, and by involving them in
- 22. planning exercise, it will ensure that more fans attend the event. The use of social media to make basketball games accessible is another better method of ensuring an increased audience during games. Keeping in mind that the most targeted members for this case are students, most of them use a lot of time on social media platforms. By sharing the event on social media platforms will ensure that most people are made aware of the game hence increasing the numbers in the stadium. Another way of capturing the attention of the viewers online is by creating the website for the events where viewers can get the results and fixtures of the match. On the website also the profiles of the players can be displayed to ensure that the audience is updated, and this will encourage the audience to attend games. Another way is for the event organizing team to organize for a contest where the winner will be awarded a free ticket to watch the game. It is an economical method because only a few free tickets will be given out. After all, it is only for the winners. All the participants in the contest will be familiar with the gaming activities because the questions to be answered will be about basketball, and this will lead to more understanding of the basketball hence increasing the number of the audience (Tomlinson, Buttle, & Moores, 1995). Use of modern ticketing technology where individuals can book the ticket online. This method allows fans to book the ticket without unnecessary transaction costs of traveling to the ticketing agency, and it is a faster method free from corruption. The signing of contracts with sponsors who will help improve the standards of the game by sponsoring star players, which will make the game attractive hence more audience will be willing to participate. Sponsors also play an essential role in financing all the promotional activities aimed at making basketball games accessible. The general atmosphere at the stadium should also be improved in terms of the status of the chairs installed, shade, and lighting system. When the atmosphere is great and attracting,more
- 23. audience will be willing to come. References Seungmo, K., Greenwell, T. C., Andrew, D. P., Lee, J., & Mahony, D. F. (2008). An analysis of spectator motives in an individual combat sport: A study of mixed martial arts fans. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(2), 109. Tomlinson, M., Buttle, F., & Moores, B. (1995). The fan as a customer: Customer service in sports marketing. Journal of hospitality & leisure marketing, 3(1), 19-36. Version 1 11/3/2014 Managing Change – 7C’s of Change 1. Choosing a team It is very important to ensure that those involved in leading, managing and implementing the change have the required knowledge and skills to give the best chance of success. This may involve different people at different times and/or the use of external consultants to provide particular expertise or facilitation skills.
- 24. 2. Crafting the vision and path In any change, a clear vision of what you are trying to achieve is needed along with an understanding of the things you have to do to get there – the ‘what’ and the ‘how’. A popular tool to use for doing this is a ‘roadmap’ for change – which generally includes three stages: initial vision, ongoing project management and detailed implementation. Such a roadmap helps you to consider the actions you must take and what outcomes you are aiming for at each of the different stages. 3. Connecting organisation – wide change It will improve the chances of success if the different aspects of the change are considered together. This will allow you to identify the connections between these different aspects – such as changes in ways of working, changes in any systems and processes, and changes needed in equipment and facilities. 4. Consulting stakeholders In any change there are likely to be a range of different stakeholders – for example those with a
- 25. stake in the outcome of the change and those affected by the change. The different stakeholders are likely to have different views and responses to change. It is important to try to anticipate these different views and respond appropriately. 5. Communication The different stakeholders will also have different needs when it comes to communication, so thinking about using existing and new channels of communication can help. At a minimum, communication needs to be honest, consistent and up to date. 6. Coping with change Both organisations and individuals need to cope with the change. For an organisation the challenge is managing the change while keeping the day-to-day business running effectively. For individuals change can be very difficult and stressful and most will go through a cycle of emotions. This cycle of emotions has been looked at by many people and is often described as a change curve (or rollercoaster). 7. Capturing learning
- 26. With the pace and frequency of change seen in most organisations today, it can increase the chances of success if organisations built their capability to manage change successfully. In part this will depend on capturing and sharing learning from previous change processes, an area in which HR practitioners can have a big impact through the development of processes to capture and share.