015 changes-process model
- 2. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • Designers, engineers and other professionals have to make assumptions based on existing available information and their experience. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • Lack of knowledge is considered to be a main source of changes in construction. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • There should be a Change identification and evaluation model to provide an early warning to the management team.
- 3. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • The design of a process model should consider all the influential factors such as : CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • What causes the change?
- 4. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL •The likelihood of change occurrence. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL •The change consequences.
- 5. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • Changes in themselves do not decrease productivity or efficiency, it is the manpower involved in the process. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • If a change occurs in the final stage of a construction project the crew must stop working until the changes are carried out first.
- 6. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • On average, there is a 30% loss of efficiency when changes are being performed, although it is possible to carry out many changes without a loss of efficiency. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • The variables affecting efficiency are believed to be the time of the change.
- 7. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • A major change may cause consecutive delays in project schedule Re-estimation of work statement Additional demands of equipment Materials Labour Changes. CHANGES - PROCESS MODEL • If not resolved through a formalized change management process, can become the major source of contract disputes, which is a severe risk contributing to project failure.
- 8. It can be caused by either internal or external Factors (ARETHEY AVOIDABLE?). In construction projects, a change refers to an alteration or a modification to pre-existing conditions, assumptions or requirements.
- 9. A process model can help management team to manage changes better. External causes may be due to technological change (AVOIDABLE?). Different changes may have different effects or consequences. The objective of change management is to forecast possible changes.
- 10. Most researchers distinguish three kinds of changes: Rework change order and Construction Change Directive
- 14. Initiate change management Select change management The main requirements are: Sufficient resources for change management function
- 15. Approaches towards change management Align project elements to change management process
- 17. The main functions that these requirements should provide, are: Project baseline detailed cost plan detailed time plan The project programme should be developed to manipulate change
- 18. (cost, time, quality, safety, Customer satisfaction, constructability, sustainable construction,..) Knowledge base This must includes criteria for deciding on change and evaluation in terms of : KPI’s
- 19. Integrated system for design management An Architect's change may change the mechanical work layout or electrical works.
- 20. 3-D modelling • It will assists the impact of proposed construction changes in a more logical mannor.
- 21. Procurement routes • A good selection of procurement should consider change. • The likelihood of changes becomes a criterion for selecting the procurement route. • A civil engineering project V building project.
- 22. VE andVM •Value management (VM) andValue Engineering (VE) systems.
- 24. Dispute resolution mechanism •A fully developed dispute resolution method.
- 25. RMS must indicate: Various risks that may occur at different times within the project life cycle. The possibility of change occurrence that can be reasonably foreseen should be estimated (including its timing). Risk analysis at an early stage will enable appropriate procedures to be established and appropriate contingencies to be prepared. Scenario planning will help represent these changes.
- 26. Monitor deviations from project programme Analyse and consider implications of identified deviations Develop mitigation strategy for change event Update change management repository
- 27. The need to rework The volume of rework due to change in terms of costing and duration
- 28. Size of disruption to the workflow
- 31. Financial models that incorporate financial parameters to control the operation at any one time Linear models where decision criteria are subjectively weighted and rated by a decision-maker and combined into a single measure
- 32. Linear models • incorporating multiple ratings that add the corresponding probabilities for the multiple ratings of a given criterion and measures the imprecision and uncertainty associated with the process
- 33. Multi-attribute utility models • Combines qualitative and quantitative decision criteria that are aggregated to arrive at an expected utility
- 36. Project and organisational performance criteria Analyse work inactivity and ineffective work