05. editing notes sheet
- 1. 1 Film Language:Editing Most films use a system of editing known as continuity editing. Its sole aim is to get the story moving along and get the audience completelyimmersed inthe plot and characters. In drama sequences,the purpose of editing is often: Identification(with characters) Conflict Intensification The function of this system is to make the drama as fluid as possible, so that the audience are not aware of the construction process therefore,you need to be especiallyaware to spotthe techniques of editing employed during a textual analysis. Rememberalso that sometimessound is used to ‘bridge’the cut and make it less noticeable on screen. The process of editing is more concerned with the ‘creation’ of meaning rather than the taking away of material. Editing Pace: Speed and tempo of cuts. If the editing is fast pace then it may suggesttension, action or uncontrollable events. If the editing pace is slow it may suggestemotion. Editing often works through the juxtaposition of differentshots to create meaning. There are a huge number of editing techniques which filmmakers can employ. The most commonof these is the cut. The cut is a: The most basic tool of the editor. Editing trims the footage down but also helps to create/maintain the logic of a start, middle and end (narrative). The cut is a change of shot from one viewpoint or location to another. Always ask yourself why a cut has occurred – there is always a reason.
- 2. 2 Match on action: Is where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot’s action, cutting on action gives the impressionof continuous time when watching the edited film. By having a subject begin an action in one shot and carry it through to completionin the next, the editor creates a visual bridge,which distracts the viewer from noticing the cut or noticing any slight continuity error between the two shots. Jump cut: An abrupt switch from one scene to another, to make a dramatic point, or mark a period of time passing. Cross-cut: A cut from one narrative or line of action to another. Mostly used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. Cutaway: This is when the shot ‘cuts away’ to often a reaction shot of another character or piece of action, oftenreinforces a mood of togetherness or confrontation Reaction shot: Any shot in which a participant reacts to events/action. Often used to guide the audience’s reaction to a scene. Matched Cutor Graphic Cut: Is a cut between either two differentobjects,two differentspaces,or two differentcompositions in which an objectin the two shots graphically match, oftenhelping to establish strong relationship between two scenes. Other forms of transition are also possible: Fade: A transition to or from a blank screen(normally black) Dissolve:
- 3. 3 A slow transition as one image merges into another. Both are used to suggestdifferencesin time or place. A dissolve might also suggesta strong connection between the two scenes involved. Wipe: An optical effectin which one shot ‘wipes’ another off the screen for dramatic effect. Superimposition: Two or more images placed directly on top of one another. Montage: A series of shots that are connected togetherto reinforce/create meaning. Intensifies and controls the emotion through collection. Slow-motion: The action literally slows down with the text. This connotes seriousness or a past event. Helps to prolong tension, add style, or dramatic effect to the film. Long take: This is a shot that does not cut away but ‘lingers’ on one piece of the action. It is the equivalent of staring and connotes intensity. Split screen: Division of screen in order to show two or more lines of action simultaneously. This can be referred to as parallel action. Effectsare also added as part of the editing process – e.g. slow motion or fast motion.