1. Growth & devt Principles . ppt.ppsx
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The document outlines the significance of studying growth and development in children, emphasizing it helps understand age-related expectations, behavioral patterns, and the identification of potential issues. It describes the stages of development from prenatal to later childhood, highlighting various principles, trends, and factors influencing growth. The paper stresses the uniqueness of each child and the continuous, orderly nature of growth and development.
1. Growth & devt Principles . ppt.ppsx
- 1. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Lt Col Nirmala Roberts India
- 2. Why study growth & development?
- 3. Studying Growth & Development helps.. Know what to expect of a particular child at any age Assess child in terms of norms Understand behavioural patterns of adults who care for children Guide in terms of more mature forms of behaviour
- 4. Studying Growth & Development helps.. Diagnose malnutrition, infections & other diseases affecting G & D Recognize potential problems and strengths Assist parents to achieve optimum G & D Plan for comprehensive care of the child Work with children effectively in health & disease
- 5. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT The sum of numerous changes that take place during the life time of an individual. A dynamic process with inter related dimensions. Growth Development Maturation
- 6. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Growth – Increase in size or weight of a whole or any of its parts (quantitative) = Physical maturation Development – Emergence/ expansion of individual capacities through growth, maturation and learning (qualitative) = Functional maturation Maturation – Increase in competence and adaptability - …to function at a higher level
- 7. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT… Prenatal stage Conception to Birth Early childhood 1 – 6 years Infancy Birth to 12 months Middle childhood 6 – 12 years Later childhood 11 – 19 years
- 8. Prenatal – Conception to birth Rapid growth rate & total dependence Germinal : Conception – 2 weeks Embryonic : 2 – 8 weeks Fetal : 8 – 40 weeks (birth)
- 9. Infancy –Birth to 12 months Rapid motor, cognitive and social devt. Develops ‘Trust’ Neonatal : Birth to 28 days Infancy : 29 days to 12 months ’
- 10. Early childhood – 1 – 6 years Intense activity, discovery, physical & personality devt. Develops ‘Autonomy’ and ‘Initiative’ Toddler : 1 – 3 years Preschooler : 3 – 6 years
- 11. Middle childhood - School age 6 – 12 years Physical, mental & social devt, peer relationships, skill competencies and self concept. Develops ‘Industry’
- 12. Later childhood -11 – 19 years Rapid maturation and change, redefining of self concept. Develops ‘Identity’ Prepubertal : 10 – 13 years Adolescence : 13 – 18 yearrs
- 13. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNS…TRENDS..) Basic rule – Every child is unique - Growth is continuous, orderly & progressive - Growth is universal and basic to all Directional trend – Cephalocaudal, proximodistal, general to specific Sequential trend Developmental pace Sensitive periods Individual differences Cycles of behaviour Optimal tendency & terminal points Inter-relatedness Secular trends
- 14. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNS…TRENDS..) Directional trend – Cephalocaudal, proximodistal, general to specific
- 15. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNS…TRENDS..) Sequential trend – Follows a definite succession of achievements in growth and development Developmental pace – Velocity of growth is steady after 2 yrs and then ‘growth spurt’ in adolescence Sensitive periods- The period of time when a child's interests are focused on developing a particular skill or knowledge area. Individual differences – Uniqueness of every child
- 16. Cycles of behaviour All children cycle in and out of stages of equilibrium and disequilibrium 18 mo Stages of Disequilibrium Stages of Equilibrium 5½ yr 11 yr 2½ yr 9 yr 3½ yr 4½ yr 7 yr 5 yr 10 yr 2 yr 8 yr 3 yr 4 yr 6½ yr
- 17. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNS…TRENDS..) Optimal tendency & terminal points – The ideal and finest achievement in growth & development…and end points of growth Inter-relatedness – Of various dimensions of growth Secular trends – Worldwide trend in growth and development
- 18. General GENERAL PATTERNS OF GROWTH 120 140 160 180 200 100 80 60 40 4 8 12 20 18 0 20 Lymphoid Neural Genital Growth % Age in years
- 19. Factors affecting Growth and Development Play & activity Illnesses Nutrition Heredity Socio economic Environment Seasons/ O2 conc Socio-psychologic Neuro endocrine Familial influence