4. RUTH HEINEMANN
The Application of principles of natural ,
physical and biological sciences to the
performance of laboratory procedures which
aid in the diagnosis and treatment
of diseases.
ANNE FAGELSON (1961)
The Branch of medicine concerned with the
performance of laboratory determinations and
analysis used in the diagnosis and treatment
of diseases and maintenance of health.
5. PHILIPPINE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which
deals with the examination of various chemical,
microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical
procedures, technique which will aid the
physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of
disease and in the promotion of health in
general.
8. • In the year 460 B.C. when the Greek,
physician Hippocrates also known as
thefather of medicine formulated the famous
Hippocratic Oath, the code of ethics for
practicing physicians. Hippocrates described
four "humors" or body fluids in man
9. • CONT…
• namely- the blood, phlegm, yellow bile
and black bile.
• These four humors or body fluids were felt
to be the source of a person's disposition
and disease in ancient times.
10. VIVIAN HERRICK
Traces the beginning of medical technology
back to 1500 BC when instestinal parasites
such as TAENIA and ASCARIS were mentioned
in early writings.
11. EBERS PAPYRUS
A book for treatment of diseases contains
description of
the three stages of hookworm infection.
12. RUTH WILLIAMS
A medical Technologist
Believes that medical
technology began from
the MEDIEVAL PERIOD
(1096-1438) as supported
by the fact that urinalysis
was a fad.
13. CONT…
Early Hindu doctors made the “SCIENTIFIC
OBSERVATION” that the urine of certain
individuals attract ants, and that such urine
has a sweetish taste.
QUACKS, calling themselves doctors reaped
fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the
appearance of the urine.
14. MALPHIGI
( 1628-1694)
Desribed as the “GREATEST” of the early
microscopist.
His work on embryology and anatomy
definitely marked him as “THE FOUNDER OF
PATHOLOGY”
RUDOLPH VIRCHOW
One of the youngest medical specialists
Founded the ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY in
BERLIN in 1847.
15. ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK
(1632-1723)
Invented and Improved the
compound microscope
The first to describe red
blood cells, to see protozoa,
and to classify bacteria
according to shape.
Invention of the microscope
led to the rapid progress of
microbiology and pathology.
16. HERMANN FEHLING
>Performed the FIRST QUANTITATIVE TEST in
URINE SUGAR in 1848.
MIDDLE OF 15th CENTURY
Aniline Dyes were used in staining
microorganisms
Bacterial staining and microscopic study on
bacteria were made possible.
17. ESTABLISHMENT OF LABORATORIES
FIRST CHEMICAL LABORATORY
Established at the University of Michigan by
Dr.Douglas (not identified)
Dr.Douglas pioneered laboratory instruction
in this well-
equipped laboratory.
18. 1878
Dr. William H. Welch
established another laboratory at the
BELLEVUE HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.
He gave the first laboratory course in pathology
offered in an American Medical School.
1885
Dr. Welch became the first professor of
pathology at John Hopkins University.
19. FIRST CLINICAL LABORATORY
Opened in 1896 at JOHN HOPKINS
HOSPITAL by DR. WILLIAM OSLER.
In this laboratory, routine examinations were
carried out, special attention being given to the
search for malarial parasites in the blood.
A clinical laboratory was also opened at the
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA in 1896
(WILLIAM PEPPER LABORATORY).
20. 1908
DR. JAMES C. TODD
wrote the book : A MANUAL OF CLINICAL
DIAGNOSIS
Retitled “ CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS BY LABORATORY
METHODS” , in its 6th Edition by Dr. Todd and Dr.
Arthur Sanford.
The book became the standard reference for
laboratories
21. 1919 census
• 100 technicians, all male were employed in
the UNITED STATES.
• This increased to 3500 in 1920. In 1922,
3035 hospitals
had CLINICAL LABORATORIES.
22. 1915
The state legislature of Pennsylvania enacted
a law requiring all hospitals and institutions
to have an adequate laboratory and to
employ a full time laboratory technician
WORLD WAR 1
It was an impact factor in the growth of
clinical laboratory and produced a great
demand for technicians.
23. The demand for technicians in clinical
laboratories continued, so practicing
physicians with knowledge on laboratory
works began to teach their assistants to do
some of the tests for them.
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
One of the First schools for training
laboratory workers was established here.
24. CONT…
A course bulletin titled : “COURSES IN MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY FOR CLINICAL AND LABORATORY
TECHNICIANS” was issued in 1922.
They were the FIRST to offer a DEGREE LEVEL
PROGRAM in 1923.
1931
DENVER SOCIETY OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGISTS
were
organized.
1936
AMERICAN BOARD OF PATHOLOGY ESTABLISHED
25. WORLD WAR 2
Marked effects in laboratory medicine
The use of blood increased and the “closed
system” of bloo d collection was widely used.
Instrumentation advanced and these
instruments paved the measurement of the
intensity of color produced.
Automated equipment appeared and quality
control programs became common
29. CONT…
First Clinical Laboratory in the Philippines
QUIRICADA ST., Sta. CRUZ, MANILA (MANILA
PUBLIC HEALTH)
>The lab offered training programs to high
school graduates as early as FEBRUARY,1944.
30. 1943
• THE US ARMY LEFT in JUNE
• Endorsed it to the
NATIONAL DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH
• The Department rendered
the laboratory non-
functional for sometime.
31. DR. PIO DE RODA
• ORGANIZED MANILA PUBLIC
HEALTH LABORATORY from
the remnants of the
deserted laboratory.
• OCTOBER 1,1945
With Dr. Mariano Icasiano
as his assistant and who was
then the MANILA CITY HEALTH
OFFICER.
One of the
staffs of the
Clinical
Laboratory
32. 1954
A 6 months
laboratory training with
certificate upon completion
was given to the trainees.
Dr. Sta. Ana prepared the
syllabus for the training
program.
33. S.Y. 1957-1958
Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of
the FACULTY of Pharmacy, University of Sto.
Tomas offered medical technology as an
elective subject to 4th and 5th year B.S.
Pharmacy students.
34. Medical Technology Education in
the Philippines
The Training program offered by
Dr. Pio De Roda did not last long.
The FIRST B.S. Degree course in Medical
Technology was offered by the PHILIPPINE
UNION COLLEGE and MANILA SANITARIUM.
After 2 years, PUC produced its first graduate,
Dr. Jesse Umali, now a successful OB-
Gynecologist.
35. •Rev., Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez
decided to offer it as a course
because of the popularity of
medical technology among
pharmacy students.
JUNE 17,1957
>Temporary permit was
issued by the Dept. of
Education, for first to third
year students.
36. • CONT…
• JUNE 1960
The permit for the internship program was
issued.
June 14,1961
>Full recognition of the 4 year B.S. Medical
technology course was given on June 14, 1961.
37. • Many schools
followed to offer
B.S. Medical
Technology course.
• DECS and CHED –
47 colleges and
universitites
offering the
course.
• University of the
Phils
>Offers a similar
course but the
degree being
conferred in B.S.
Public Health
38. POST GRADUATE STUDIES
•Offered to B.S. Medical Technology graduates
MS in Medical Technology
• UST Graduate School
• Philippine Women’s University
• Manila Central University
MS in Public Health(one year, non thesis
degree)
• University of the Philippines
39. REFERENCES
Ridley J. Essentials of Clinical Laboratory
Science. Delmar Cengage Learning; 2010.
De Kieviet W, Frank E, Stekel H. Essentials of
clinical laboratory management in developing
regions. IFCC Series. 2009.
