![ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN HUMAN
BODY
• PITUITARY GLAND
• THYROID GLAND
• PANCREAS
• ADRENAL
• TESTIS[IN MALES]
• OVARY [IN FEMALES]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10endocrinesystem-250710124138-a878b65e/85/10-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM-class-9-ICSE-board-easy-and-simple-slide-for-better-understanding-3-320.jpg)
![ABNORMALITIES
HYPERSECRETION=
HYPERTHYROIDISM
• LEADS TO EXOPHTHALMIC
GOITRE-
• eyes are protruded out
• Increase in metabolic rate
• Rapid heart beat.
HYPOSECRETION=
HYPOTHYROIDISM
• LEADS TO
• SIMPLE GOITRE-swollen
neck
• CRETINISM [IN CHILDREN]-
dwarfism and mental
retardation
• MYXODEMA [IN ADULTS]-
sluggishness](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10endocrinesystem-250710124138-a878b65e/85/10-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM-class-9-ICSE-board-easy-and-simple-slide-for-better-understanding-11-320.jpg)
![MYXODEMA [ADULTS] CRETINISM[CHILDREN]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10endocrinesystem-250710124138-a878b65e/85/10-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM-class-9-ICSE-board-easy-and-simple-slide-for-better-understanding-13-320.jpg)
![PANCREAS
LOCATED JUST BEHIND THE
STOMACH IN THE LOOP OF THE
DUODENUM.
HORMONE PRODUCING CELLS
ARE CALLED ISLET OF
LANGERHANS
3 DIFFERENT HORMONES ARE
PRPODUCED :
1. INSULIN FROM BETA CELLS
2. GLUCAGON FROM ALPHA
CELLS
3. SOMATOSTATINFROM
DELTA CELLS[NOT IN
SYLLABUS]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10endocrinesystem-250710124138-a878b65e/85/10-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM-class-9-ICSE-board-easy-and-simple-slide-for-better-understanding-15-320.jpg)
![THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE[TSH]-
ACTIVATES THYROID GLAND TO RELEASE
THYROXINE
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE[ACTH]-
ACTIVATES ADRENAL CORTEX TO RELEASE
COTICOIDS
GONADO STIMULATING HORMONE –
REGULATES ACTIVITIES OF TESTIS AND OVARY
FUNCTIONS OF OTHER TROPIC
HORMONES RELEASED FROM
ANTERIOR PITUITARY](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10endocrinesystem-250710124138-a878b65e/85/10-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM-class-9-ICSE-board-easy-and-simple-slide-for-better-understanding-24-320.jpg)
![DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
DIABETES MELLITUS
• CAUSE: DUE TO
HYPOSECRETION OF
INSULIN FROM PANCREAS
• SYMPTOMS: FREQUENT
URINATION THAT IS LOADED
WITH SUGAR.
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
• CAUSE: DUE TO
HYPOSECRETION OF ADH
OR VASOPRESSINFROM
POSTERIOR LOBE OF
PITUITARY.
• SYMPTOMS: FREQUENT
URINATION BUT COPIOUS
URINE[TASTELESSURINE]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10endocrinesystem-250710124138-a878b65e/85/10-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM-class-9-ICSE-board-easy-and-simple-slide-for-better-understanding-26-320.jpg)
10 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM class 9 ICSE board easy and simple slide for better understanding
- 2. HORMONES HORMONES ARE THE • CHEMICAL SECRETIONS FROM SPECIFIC CELLS OR GLANDS • POURED DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOOD • ACTS ON THE TARGET ORGAN ONLY • BRINGS COORDINATION BETWEEN THE DISTANT PARTS OF THE BODY.
- 3. ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN HUMAN BODY • PITUITARY GLAND • THYROID GLAND • PANCREAS • ADRENAL • TESTIS[IN MALES] • OVARY [IN FEMALES]
- 4. ADRENAL GLAND • LOCATED AT THE TOP OF EACH KIDNEYS FITTED LIKE A CAP • TWO REGIONS: OUTER CORTEX INNER MEDULLA
- 5. HORMONES OF ADRENAL CORTEX • GLUCOCORTICOID- REGULATES CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN AND FAT METABOLISM • MINERALOCORTICOID- REGULATES MINERALS LIKE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM ION METABOLISM.
- 6. GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF CORTICAL HORMONES • INCREASES BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION • INFLUENCE FAT AND PROTEIN METABOLISM • REGULATE SUGAR WATER BALANCE IN THE BODY • BEST KNOWN CORTICAL HORMONE IS CORTISONE- It suppresses inflammation
- 7. Abnormalities of cortical hormones • HYPOSECRETION • Causes ADDISON’S DISEASE SYMPTOMS ARE: • LOSS OF ENERGY • LOSS OF WEIGHT • HYPOGLYCEMIA • HYPERSECRETION • Causes CUSHING’S SYNDROME SYMPTOMS ARE • OBESITY • OSTEOPOROSIS • HYPERGLYCEMIA
- 8. HORMONES FROM ADRENAL MEDULLA ADRENALIN WHY IS IT CALLED EMERGENCY HORMONE ? As it prepares the body for any emergency situation so as to fight= face the situation or to fly= run away from the situation HOW? 1. By increasing the heart beat. 2 By allowing more oxygen flow to the muscles. 3. Allowing the release of more glucose from the liver.
- 9. MOUTH DRIES UP DURING A MAIDEN SPEECH IN FRONT OF A LARGE AUDIENCE. WHY? • Adrenaline is an emergency hormone that prepares the body to cope with an emergency situation or during nervousness. • It makes the heart beat faster just before the speech and at the same time reduces the blood supply to the digestive system thereby inhibiting the secretion from salivary gland. Thus mouth gets dry.
- 10. THYROID GLAND HORMONE: THYROXINE FUNCTIONS OF THYROXINE ARE- • CONTROLS BASAL METABOLIC RATE • INFLUENCES GENERAL GROWTH • OSSIFICATION OF BONES • BODY TEMPERATURE • MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
- 11. ABNORMALITIES HYPERSECRETION= HYPERTHYROIDISM • LEADS TO EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE- • eyes are protruded out • Increase in metabolic rate • Rapid heart beat. HYPOSECRETION= HYPOTHYROIDISM • LEADS TO • SIMPLE GOITRE-swollen neck • CRETINISM [IN CHILDREN]- dwarfism and mental retardation • MYXODEMA [IN ADULTS]- sluggishness
- 12. TYPES OF GOITRE SIMPLE GOITRE DUE TO HYPOSECRETION OF THYROXINE EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE DUE TO HYPERSECRETIONOF THYROXINE
- 14. WHY PEOPLE IN HILLY AREA SUFFER FROM SIMPLE GOITRE? • SOIL IN HILLY AREA LACKS IODINE. • IODINE IS AN ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT IN PRODUCTION OF THYROXINE. • LACK OF IODINE DOESN’T PRODUCE SUFFIECIENT THYROXINE. • THYROID BECOMES ENLARGED TO COMPENSATE FOR LACK OF THYROXINE REALEASE
- 15. PANCREAS LOCATED JUST BEHIND THE STOMACH IN THE LOOP OF THE DUODENUM. HORMONE PRODUCING CELLS ARE CALLED ISLET OF LANGERHANS 3 DIFFERENT HORMONES ARE PRPODUCED : 1. INSULIN FROM BETA CELLS 2. GLUCAGON FROM ALPHA CELLS 3. SOMATOSTATINFROM DELTA CELLS[NOT IN SYLLABUS]
- 16. PANCREAS – Why is Pancreas called a MIXED gland? BECAUSE IT IS BOTH ENDOCRINE AS WELL AS EXOCRINE. • AS AN EXOCRINE GLAND IT RELEASES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES THROUGH DUCT. • AS AN ENDOCRINE IT RELEASES HORMONES WITHOUT DUCT, POUR IT DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOOD
- 17. FUNCTIONS OF TWO MAJOR HORMONES FROM PANCREAS INSULIN • PROMOTES GLUCOSE UTILISATION BY THE BODY CELLS • STIMULATES, DEPOSITION OF EXTRA GLUCOSE OF BLOOD IN LIVER AND MUSCLES AS GLYCOGEN. THUS IT • CHECKS RISE OF SUGAR LEVEL IN BLOOD GLUCAGON • STIMULATESBREAK DOWN OF GLYCOGEN IN LIVER TO RELEASE GLUCOSE. THUS IT • RAISES SUGAR LEVEL IN THE BLOOD
- 18. ABNORMALITIES OF INSULIN SECRETION HYPOSECRETION • DIABETES MELLITUS OR HYPERGLYSEMIA=MORE SUGAR IN BLOOD • FREQUENTURINATION , URINE LOADED WITH SUGAR • LOSS OF WEIGHT • LOSS OF ENERGY HYPERSECRETION • HYPOGLYCEMIA=LESS SUGAR IN BLOOD • CAN LEAD TO COMA IF SUGAR LEVEL GOES DOWN IN BLOOD TOO MUCH
- 19. People suffering from Diabetes mellitus passes out SWEET URINE. Why? • When there is hyposecretion of insulin from the Pancreas, people suffer from Diabetes mellitus. • Insulin is responsible for utilisation of blood glucose by the cell. • Since lack of insulin neither allows the glucose to be utilised by the cell nor allows the conversion of extra glucose into glycogen in the liver. • So glucose from blood passes out with urine through kidney and the urine tastes sweet.
- 20. PITUITARY GLAND LOCATION: HANGS FROM THE BASE OF THE MID BRAIN BELOW THE HYPOTHALAMUS. TWO LOBES:- ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR LOBE
- 21. WHY IS PITUTARY GLAND CALLED A MASTER GLAND • PITUITARY GLAND SECRETE TROPIC HORMONES. • TROPIC HORMONES ARE THOSE HORMONES THAT STIMULATE OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS TO RELEASE THEIR RESPECTIVE SECRETION/ HORMONES. • EXAMPLES OF TROPIC HORMONES ARE :- TSH, ACTH, FSH etc. • THUS PITUITARY INFLUENCES THE ACTIVITY OF OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS SO IT IS CALLED MASTER GLAND.
- 22. HORMONES FROM THE TWO LOBES ANTERIOR LOBE • GROWTH HORMONE • THYROID STIMULATIONG HORMONE • GONAD STIMULATIONG HORMONE • ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE POSTERIOR LOBE • ANTIDIURETIC HORMONEOR VASOPRESSIN • OXYTOCIN
- 23. GROWTH HORMONE • ALSO CALLED SOMATPOTROPIN • ESSENTIAL FOR BODY GROWTH AND ELONGATION OF BONES HYPOSECRETION HYPERSECRETION DWARFISM IN CHILDREN GIGANTISM IN CHILDREN ACROMEGALY IN ADULTS
- 24. THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE[TSH]- ACTIVATES THYROID GLAND TO RELEASE THYROXINE ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE[ACTH]- ACTIVATES ADRENAL CORTEX TO RELEASE COTICOIDS GONADO STIMULATING HORMONE – REGULATES ACTIVITIES OF TESTIS AND OVARY FUNCTIONS OF OTHER TROPIC HORMONES RELEASED FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY
- 25. HORMONES FROM POSTERIOR PITUITARY ADH OR VASOPRESSIN • CONSTRICTS BLOOD VESSELS LEADING TO RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE • ALLOWS KIDNEYS TO REABSORB WATER FROM IITS TUBULES. • DEFICIENCY CAUSES DIABETES INSIPIDUS OXYTOCIN • ALSO CALLED CHILD BIRTH HORMONE. • STIMULATESVIGOUROUS CONTRACTION OF UTERINE WALL LEADING TO CHILD BIRTH • ALSO STIMULATESMILK EJECTION
- 26. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS • CAUSE: DUE TO HYPOSECRETION OF INSULIN FROM PANCREAS • SYMPTOMS: FREQUENT URINATION THAT IS LOADED WITH SUGAR. DIABETES INSIPIDUS • CAUSE: DUE TO HYPOSECRETION OF ADH OR VASOPRESSINFROM POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY. • SYMPTOMS: FREQUENT URINATION BUT COPIOUS URINE[TASTELESSURINE]
- 27. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM FOR HORMONAL CONTROL