10 lesson7

INTRODUCTION
TO
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

What is a computer program?
- is a series of instructions written to perform a specific task
on a computer. A computer needs a program to work.
- the program has an executable form that the computer can
use directly to perform instructions.
What is programming?
- the art or process and science of creating/writing programs.
- the process done by programmers to instruct a computer on
how to do a task.

What is programming?
- the process of planning and designing solutions for a
particular problem and then writing the code using a
programming language.
What is a programming language?
- is a tool that allows programmers to write commands or
programs that can easily be understood by a person and
translated into codes that are machine-readable
- a form of communication that programmers use to develop
applications, scripts or other set of instructions for a
computer to execute

CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
1. Machine Language
• the only language that a computer can understand
• difficult to understand because it only understands the
system, 0s and 1s are known as the “machine code:
• Lowest level programming language

2. Assembly Language
• more advanced than the machine language
• Uses mnemonics in place of 0s and 1s to simplify the
programmer’s way of creating programs
Mnemonics – are memory aids. Instead of using numbers,
programmers began using English-like abbreviations such as
mov for move, mul for a multiplication operation, add for an
addition operation and so on.

Example:
Machine Language Assembly Language
10110000 01100001 Mov al. 01ah
Assembly Language is easier to understand, it is
incomprehensible to computers. Thus it needs another
called an ASSEMBLER which translated assembly language
statements into the target computer machine code.

Programming in machine and assembly languages are too
tedious and require highly trained programmers.
3. High-Level Language
• used to speed up programming process
• were developed to allow programmers to use English
commands to carry out instructions
Examples: BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, FORTRAN, C, etc.

These languages require separate programs like an assembler
translate instructions to machine code.
The translators used were an interpreter or compiler.
Interpreter – translates high-level instructions into machine
code, line by line as the program is running.
Compiler – translates the entire program into machine code
before running the program

Example:
Begin
Input “Enter your name:” fname$
Input “Enter your birthyear:” byear$
Input “Enter the current year:” cyear$
Age$ = cyear$ - byear$
Print fnames$,”,your age now is “,Age$
End

Most of these languages are procedure-oriented.
Procedure-oriented means that the instructions must be
properly sequenced in order for the computer to process the
tasks correctly.
4. Object-Oriented/Event-Driven Programming Languages
• GUI environment programs, user-friendly but demanded
more complex programming tools.

• the emphasis of creating a program was on the objects
include in the user interface like buttons and scrollbars.
Example: Visual Basic, Delphi, Visual C++, PROLOG, and
Smalltalk
Examples of event driven – Microsoft Office applications such
MS Word, MS Excel

Program Development Process
PLANNING
CODING
TESTING & DEBUGGING
DOCUMENTATION
MAINTENANCE

10 lesson7

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10 lesson7