Programming languages.pptx
- 1. Fundamentals of Computer Assignment Presented by :- Debangshu Das Atharva kand
- 2. What is a Programming Language? ● A language is a source of communication. With the help of computer language the programmer tells the computer what he/she wants to do . ● Computer language has its own set of symbols ,each symbols tells the computer to perform a specific task . ● Each and every problem solved by the computer has to be broken down into logical steps which has the following basic operations - input data ,process data and output data . ● Computer languages are classified into following categories :- 1. Machine language 2. Assembly language 3. High - level language
- 3. Types of Programming Languages :- 1. Machine Language:- Machine language is the language understood by a computer. It is very difficult to understand, but it is the only thing that the computer can work with. All programs and programming languages eventually generate or run programs in machine language. Machine language, the numeric codes for the operations that a particular computer can execute directly. The codes are strings of 0s and 1s, or binary digits (“bits”), which are frequently converted both from and to hexadecimal (base 16) for human viewing and modification. ● Machine Codes
- 4. Machine languages are sometimes referred to as the 1st generation programming languages. The popular binary coding systems ASCII & EBCDIC use 8-bits . The UNICODE is new system, uses 16-bits. ● Advantages of Machine language : 1. It makes fast and efficient use of the computer. 2. It requires no translator to translate the code that is directly understood by the computer 3. The performance and efficiency of CPU increases if instructions are given in machine language ● Disadvantages of Machine language :- 1. All operation codes and all memory addresses have to be remembered. 2. It is hard to find errors in a program written in machine language 3. Many days are required to complete the program coding so it is time consuming
- 5. 2. Assembly language :- An assembly language is a type of low-level programming language that is intended to communicate directly with a computer's hardware. Unlike machine language, which consists of binary and hexadecimal characters, assembly languages are designed to be readable by humans. Assembly languages are also called as low level languages in which the sequence of zeros and ones are replaced by mnemonic codes. Typical instructions like ADD for addition and SUB for subtraction are used. Assembly Codes
- 6. The computer system only understand the languages of 0s and 1s ,therefore a system program is known as Assembler is used . An assembler is a program that converts assembly language into machine code. ● Advantages of Assembly Language :- 1. Easy to understand 2. Easy to remove errors 3. Easy to modify 4. Saves time and reduces work ● Disadvantages of Assembly Language :- 1. Like machine language it is also machine dependent. 2. Since, it is machine dependent, the programmer should have the knowledge of the hardware also. 3. Coding is time consuming.
- 7. 3. High - level language :- A high-level language (HLL) is a programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages. Examples of high-level programming languages in active use today include Python, Visual Basic, Delphi, Perl, PHP, ECMAScript, Ruby, C#, Java and many others. Source code written in languages like C++ and C# must be compiled into machine code to run. The compilation process translate the human relatable structure into low level language for a particular proce. High level languages
- 8. ● Advantages of High Level Language :- 1. High level language require less time to write . 2. They use words and symbols like English language, hence it is easier to learn it as compared to assembly level language. 3. Language is machine independent but programming is for problem, hence can be used on any computer. 4. The length of programme i.e. lines of code are less than the assembly language code, hence less time is required. 5. The length of programme are less then assembly language code, hence less time is required. 6. Maintenance is easier. ● Disavantages of High level Language :- 1. The bigger size language processors required as these languages use many words. 2. The internal memory required is more due to bigger size. 3. The object code generated by a translator might be inefficient compared to an equivalent assembly languages program.