108021192-Plc-Scada-Lab-Manual-Part-1.pdf

TCOER /Electrical Dept.
KJ Educational Institutes
TRINITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH,P
Electrical Engineering Department
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
PLC & SCADA APPLICATION
LABORATORY
KJ Educational Institutes
GE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH,P
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY
[PLC]
1
GE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH,PUNE.
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL

TRINITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH, PUNE.
PLC & SCADA Applications
TCOER /Electrical Dept. [PLC]
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• Name of the Laboratory: PLC & SCADA
• Class : BE Electrical
HOD/EEE Principal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Safety Rules and operating Procedures
Laboratory Safety information
Guidelines for Laboratory Notebook
Troubleshooting Hints
I
II
III
IV
S Experiment Name Page No
1. A) Interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF
operation.
B) Perform Delayed Operation Of Lamp By Using Push Button.
2. A) Multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for
ON/OFF operation.
B) Combination of Counter & Timer for Lamp ON/OFF operation
3. To study Set and Reset operation of lamp.
4. DOL Starter & Star Delta Starter operation by using PLC.
5. PLC based temperature sensing using RTD.
6. PLC based thermal ON/OFF control.
7. PLC interfaced with SCADA and status read/ command transfer
operation.
8. Parameter reading of PLC in SCADA.
9. Alarm annunciation using SCADA.
10. Reporting and Trending in SCADA System.
11. Temperature sensing using SCADA
Appendix

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LABORATORY PRACTICE
SAFETY RULES
1 SAFETY is of paramount importance in the Electrical Engineering Laboratories.
2 Electricity NEVER EXECUSES careless persons. So, exercise enough care and attention in
handling electrical equipment and follow safety practices in the laboratory. (Electricity is a good
servant but a bad master).
3 Avoid direct contact with any voltage source and power line voltages. (Otherwise, any such
contact may subject you to electrical shock)
4 Wear rubber-soled shoes. (To insulate you from earth so that even if you accidentally contact a
live point, current will not flow through your body to earth and hence you will be protected from
electrical shock)
5 Wear laboratory-coat and avoid loose clothing. (Loose clothing may get caught on an
equipment/instrument and this may lead to an accident particularly if the equipment happens to be
a rotating machine)
6 Girl students should have their hair tucked under their coat or have it in a knot.
7 Do not wear any metallic rings, bangles, bracelets, wristwatches and neck chains. (When you
move your hand/body, such conducting items may create a short circuit or may touch a live point
and thereby subject you to electrical shock)
8 Be certain that your hands are dry and that you are not standing on wet floor. (Wet parts of the
body reduce the contact resistance thereby increasing the severity of the shock)
9 Ensure that the power is OFF before you start connecting up the circuit.(Otherwise you will be
touching the live parts in the circuit)
10 Get your circuit diagram approved by the staff member and connect up the circuit strictly as per
the approved circuit diagram.
11 Check power chords for any sign of damage and be certain that the chords use safety plugs and do
not defeat the safety feature of these plugs by using ungrounded plugs.
12 When using connection leads, check for any insulation damage in the leads and avoid
such defective leads.
13 Do not defeat any safety devices such as fuse or circuit breaker by shorting across it. Safety
devices protect YOU and your equipment.
14 Switch on the power to your circuit and equipment only after getting them checked up and
approved by the staff member.
15 Take the measurement with one hand in your pocket. (To avoid shock in case you accidentally
touch two points at different potentials with your two hands)
16 Do not make any change in the connection without the approval of the staff member.
17 In case you notice any abnormal condition in your circuit ( like insulation heating up, resistor
heating up etc ), switch off the power to your circuit immediately and inform the staff member.
18 Keep hot soldering iron in the holder when not in use.

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19 After completing the experiment show your readings to the staff member and switch off the power
to your circuit after getting approval from the staff member.
20 While performing load-tests in the Electrical Machines Laboratory using the brake-drums:Avoid
the brake-drum from getting too hot by putting just enough water into the brake-drum at intervals;
use the plastic bottle with a nozzle (available in the laboratory ) to pour the water.(When the drum
gets too hot, it will burn out the braking belts)Do not stand in front of the brake-drum when the
supply to the load-test circuit is switched off. (Otherwise, the hot water in the brake-drum will
splash out on you)After completing the load-test, suck out the water in the brake-drum using the
plastic bottle with nozzle and then dry off the drum with a spongewhich is available in the
laboratory.(The water, if allowed to remain in the brake-drum, will corrode it)
21 Determine the correct rating of the fuse/s to be connected in the circuit after understanding
correctly the type of the experiment to be performed: no-load test or full-load test, the maximum
current expected in the circuit and accordingly use that fuse-rating.(While an over-rated fuse will
damage the equipment and other instruments like ammeters and watt-meters in case of over load,
an under-rated fuse may not allow one even to start the experiment)
22 At the time of starting a motor, the ammeter connected in the armature circuit overshoots, as the
starting current is around 5 times the full load rating of the motor. Moving coil ammeters being
very delicate, may get damaged due to high starting current. A switch has been provided on such
meters to disconnect the moving coil of the meter during starting. This switch should be closed
after the motor attains full speed. Moving iron ammeters and current coils of wattmeters are not so
delicate and hence these can stand short time overload due to high starting current. No such switch
is therefore provided on these meters. Moving iron meters are cheaper and more rugged compared
to moving coil meters. Moving iron meters can be used for both a.c. and d.c. measurement.
Moving coil instruments are however more sensitive and more accurate as compared to their
moving iron counterparts and these can be used for d.c. measurements only. Good features of
moving coil instruments are not of much consequence for you as other sources of errors in the
experiments are many times more than those caused by these meters.
23 Some students have been found to damage meters by mishandling in the following ways:
i. Keeping unnecessary material like books, lab records, unused meters etc. causing meters to
fall down the table.
ii. Putting pressure on the meter (specially glass) while making connections or while talking
or listening somebody.
STUDENTS ARE STRICTLY WARNED THAT FULL COST OF THE METER WILL BE
RECOVERED FROM THE INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS DAMAGED IT IN SUCH A MANNER.
I have read and understand these rules and procedures. I agree to abide by these rules
and procedures at all times while using these facilities. I understand that failure to follow
these rules and procedures will result in my immediate dismissal from the laboratory and
additional disciplinary action may be taken.
Signature Date Lab

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GUIDELINES FOR LABORATORY NOTEBOOK
The laboratory notebook is a record of all work pertaining to the experiment. This record should
be sufficiently complete so that you or anyone else of similar technical background can
duplicate the experiment and data by simply following your laboratory notebook. Record
everything directly into the notebook during the experiment. Do not use scratch paper for
recording data. Do not trust your memory to fill in the details at a later time.
Organization in your notebook is important. Descriptive headings should be used to separate and
identify the various parts of the experiment. Record data in chronological order. A neat,
organized and complete record of an experiment is just as important as the experimental work.
1. Heading:
The experiment identification (number) should be at the top of each page. Your name and date
should be at the top of the first page of each day's experimental work.
2.Object:
A brief but complete statement of what you intend to find out or verify in the experiment should
be at the beginning of each experiment
3.Diagram:
A circuit diagram should be drawn and labeled so that the actual experiment circuitry could be
easily duplicated at any time in the future. Be especially careful to record all circuit
changes made during the experiment.
4.Equipment List:
List those items of equipment which have a direct effect on the accuracy of the data. It may be
necessary later to locate specific items of equipment for rechecks if discrepancies develop in the
results.
5.Procedure:
In general, lengthy explanations of procedures are unnecessary. Be brief. Short
commentaries alongside the corresponding data may be used. Keep in mind the fact that the
experiment must be reproducible from the information given in your notebook.
6.Data:
Think carefully about what data is required and prepare suitable data tables. Record
instrument readings directly. Do not use calculated results in place of direct data; however,
calculated results may be recorded in the same table with the direct data. Data tables should be
clearly identified and each data column labeled and headed by the proper units of measure.
7.Calculations:
Not always necessary but equations and sample calculations are often given to illustrate the
treatment of the experimental data in obtaining the results.

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8.Graphs:
Graphs are used to present large amounts of data in a concise visual form. Data to be presented
in graphical form should be plotted in the laboratory so that any questionable data points can
be checked while the experiment is still set up. The grid lines in the notebook can be used for
most graphs. If special graph paper is required, affix the graph permanently into the
notebook. Give all graphs a short descriptive title. Label and scale the axes. Use units of
measure. Label each curve if more than one on a graph.
9.Results:
The results should be presented in a form which makes the interpretation easy. Large amounts
of numerical results are generally presented in graphical form. Tables are generally used for
small amounts of results. Theoretical and experimental results should be on the same graph or
arrange in the same table in a way for easy correlation of these results.
10.Conclusion:
This is your interpretation of the results of the experiment as an engineer. Be brief and specific.
Give reasons for important discrepancies.
TROUBLE SHOOTING HINTS
1. Be Sure that the power is turned ON
2. Be sure the ground connections are common
3. Be sure the circuit you build is identical to your circuit diagram (Do a node by node check)
4. Be sure that the supply voltages are correct
5. Be sure that the equipment is set up correctly and you are measuring the correct parameters
6. If steps 1 through 5 are correct then you probably have used a component with the wrong value or one
that doesn’t work. It is also possible that the equipment does not work (although this is not probable0 or
the protoboard you are using may have some unwanted paths between nodes. To find your problem you
must trace through the voltages in your circuit node by node and compare the signal you expect to have.
Then if they are different use your engineering judgment to decide what is causing the different or ask
your lab assistant

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Experiment No. 1(A)
Title: Interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF
operation.
Date:
Roll No.:

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EXPERIMENT NO. 1 (A)
INTERFACING OF LAMP AND BUTTON WITH PLC FOR ON & OFF OPERATION
TITLE :
Interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON & OFF operation.
AIM :
To study interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF operation.
APPARATUS:
Sr./
No.
Equipment Specification Quantity
1.
Programmable Logic
Controller
Allen Bradley- MicroLogix 1100,
Series -B
1 no
2. PLC Trainer Kit
In the trainer kit :
1. A two way ON/OFF selector
switch
2. A Lamp
1 no
THEORY:
Introduction To PLC:
Definition of PLC: PLC is a microprocessor based digital controller which performs and controls
many functions of many types and level of complexity.
Advantages of PLC:
1. Lower cost: It performs more functions in less expensive packages.
2. Flexibility: In the past each electronically controlled power machine is required to
control each device. Now it is possible to control many device by one PLC.
3. Speed of operation: Relay takes more time to operation .speed of operation of
PLC is very fast i.e. scan time is very less.
4. Implementing changes and corrections: In PLC based system, program can be
changed easily within less time.
Disadvantages of PLC:
1. Environmental condition: Due to high temperature of environment at operating
station damages PLC.
2. Less expandability.

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3. Every technicians or labour must know about the PLC operation.
MACHINE CONTROL COMPONENTS AND THEIR SYMBOLS IN LADDER DIAGRAM:
1. SWITCHES :
There are two fundamental uses for switches. First, switches are used for operator input to send
instructions to the control circuit. Second, switches may be installed on the moving parts of a
machine to provide automatic feedback to the control system.
2. PUSH BUTTON :
The most common switch is the push button. It is widely used in automotive and electronic
equipment applications. There are two types of the push button-the momentary and maintained.
The momentary push button switch is activated when the button is pressed and deactivated when
the button is released. The deactivation is done using an internal spring. The maintained push
button switch activates when pressed, but remains activated when it is released. To deactivate it, it
must be pressed second time. For this reason, this type of switch is sometimes called a push-push
switch. The ON/OFF switches on desktop computers and laboratory oscilloscopes are maintained
push buttons. The contacts on switches can be of two types. These are normally open (N/O) and
normally closed (N/C).whenever a switch is in its deactivated position, the N/O contacts will be
open (non-conducting) and the N/C contacts will be closed (conducting).There are no internal
electrical connection between different contact pairs on the same switch.
3. SELECTOR SWITCHES :
A selector switch is also known as a rotary switch. An automobile ignition switch and an
oscilloscopes vertical gain and horizontal time base switches are examples of selector switches. The
top contacts are closed when the switch selector is turned to the left position and open when the
switch selector is turned to the right. The bottom set of contacts works exactly opposite. There is no
electrical connection between top and bottom pairs of contacts. In most cases, we label the selector
positions same as the labeling on the panel where the switch is located.
4. LIMIT SWITCHES:
Normally, limit switches are not operator accessible. They are activated by moving parts on the
machine. They are usually mechanical switches but can also be light activated (such as the
automatic door openers used by stores and supermarkets) or magnetically operated (such as the
magnetic by stores and home security system that sense window has been opened).
5. INDICATOR LAMPS:
All the control panels include indicator lamps. They tell the operator when power is applied to the
machine and indicate the present operating status of the machine. The light bulbs used in indicators
are generally incandescent (white), they are usually covered with colored lenses. The colors are

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usually red, green, or amber, but other colors are also available. Red lamps are reserved for safety
critical indicators (power is on, the machine is running, an access panel is open, or that a fault has
occurred).Green usually indicates safe condition (power to the motor is off, brakes are on, etc) .
Amber indicates conditions that are important but not dangerous (fluid. getting low, machine
paused. Machine warming up, etc).other colors indicate information not critical to the safe
operation of the machine (time for preventive maintenance, etc).sometimes it is important to attract
the operator's attention with a lamp. In these cases, we usually flash the lamp continuously on and
off.
Statement:
Draw a Ladder Diagram to operate a lamp with one push button for ON & OFF operation.
Explanation:
When input i.e. button (I:0/1) is ON or it is pressed, O/P Lamp (O:0/0) should become ON.
When input i.e. button (I:0/1) is OFF or it is unpressed, O/P Lamps (O:0/0) should become OFF.
.
Ladder Diagram:
CONCLUSION:

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Experiment No. 1(B)
Title: Perform Delayed Operation Of Lamp By Using Push
Button.
Date:
Roll No.:

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EXPERIMENT NO. 1 (B)
PERFORM DELAYED OPERATION OF LAMP BY USING PUSH BUTTON.
TITLE :
Perform Delayed Operation Of Lamp By Using Push Button.
AIM :
To Perform Delayed Operation Of Lamp By Using Push Button.
APPARATUS:
Sr./
No.
1.
Programmable
Logic Controller
Allen Bradley- MicroLogix 1100, Series -B 1 no.
2. PLC Trainer Kit
NO type ON/OFF Push Buttons 2 nos.
LED Lamp 1 no.
THEORY :
On Delay Timer:
It is used to program a time delay before instruction becomes true. ON delay timer is used when an
action is to begin the specified time after input becomes true.
Eg. A certain steps in manufacturing process are to begin 30 second after input is received from
limit switch. 30 second is nothing but preset value of ON delay timer.
ADDRESSING MODES OF TIMER:
<Type> <Data File No.> :
T4: 0.ACC - The sub element is in accumulator
T4: 0.PRE - Sub element of timer 0
13 = DN (done)
14 = TT (timer timing bit)
15 = EN (enable bit)
Statement:
Draw a ladder diagram to operate lamp using push button after 5 sec delay.

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Explanation:
When start input i.e. Push Button (I:0/1) is ON then Timer (T4:1) will become on which generates
delay as per the PRESET value (10sec) .When the PRESET value of Timer i.e. the delay and
accumulator value of the timer will become equal then Done bit (DN) of timer will set and Output
i.e. Lamp (O:0/0) will on after the delay.
When the RESET Input (I:0/2) Push Button is pressed then the Timer (T4:1) will become Reset as
well as the Output (O:0/0) should become OFF and when RESET I:0/2 is un-pressed then Timer
(T4:1) will restart.
Ladder Diagram:
CONCLUSION:

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Experiment No. 2(A)
Title: Multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for
ON/OFF operation.
Date:
Roll No.:

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EXPERIMENT NO. 2(A)
MULTIPLE PUSH BUTTON OPERATION WITH DELAYED LAMP FOR ON/OFF OPERATION.
AIM: To study multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF operation.
APPARATUS:
Sr./
No.
1.
Programmable
Logic Controller
2. PLC Trainer Kit
LED Lamp 3 nos.
THEORY:
There are mainly three types of timers use in PLC programming as follows.
i) ON Delay Timer.
ii) OFF Delay Timer.
iii) Retentive Timer.
1.ON Delay Timer :
action is to begin a specified time after i /p becomes true. For e.g.- Certain stages in manufacturing
processes is expected to begin 30 sec after i/p is received from limit switch, here 30 sec is nothing
but the present value of ON delay timer.
2.OFF Delay Timer:
It is used to program a time to begin after the i/p goes false. For e.g. – external cooling fan or a
motor which has to run all the time & it is expected to turn off the fan or motor after 5 min when i/p
is sensed by them. The 5 min is nothing but off delay time.
3.Retentive timer:
It is used to reset accumulated value through power loss, process change state or in rung from true
to false. For e.g. RTO is used to true running time OR motor for maintenance. The time is used to
track accumulated value time the motor has run. For e.g. motor need maintenance 8hrs (28800 sec).
Each time the motor is turned off, the timer needs to remember motor's total elapse time, next time
when the motor is turned ON the timer will increased accumulated running time where it left off.

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When total accumulated running tine has been reached, maintenance reminder time will be off,
same procedure repeats.
RESET instruction is used to reset accumulated value of a timer. It is used only in retentive timer &
not in 'ON' or 'OFF' delay timer
• Timer element instruction:
• Addressing mode of timer:
1. T4: 0 - timer 0 in file no 4.
2. T4: 0 ACC -sub-element is accumulator.
3. T4: 0 PRE - sub-element is preset value.
The ON-OFF operation of delayed lamp can be achieved with PLC programming. In this
programming the ON delay timer is used to give an O/P. Also 'OR' logic for multiple inputs is used
as shown in ladder diagram. To achieve the multiple push-button operation 'OR' logic configuration
is must which is similar to parallel combination of electrical circuit. The function of OR logic is that
whenever a logic '1' to any i/p either 1 or 2 as shown in fig, there is an o/p. when logic '0' to both
inputs, there will not be no output.
EXPLANATION :
When PB1 I:0/1 or I:0/2 or I:0/3 is pressed Timer T4:0 will become on which generate delay as per
the set. When preset value of the timer i.e. set value of delay and accumulator value of the timer
will become equal to ON (done) bit of the timer will set and O/P i.e. Lamp (O:0.6)(GREEN) will on
after the delay. When I:0/1 PB1 and I:0/2 PB2 0r I:0/1 PB1 and I:0/3 PB3 or I:0/2 PB2 or I:0/3
PB3 is ON Timer T4:1will become ON which generate delay as per the set. When preset value of
the timer i.e. set value of delay and accumulator value of the timer will become equal to DN (done)
bit of the timer will set and O/P i.e. Lamp YELLOW (O:0/4) will ON after the delay.
When input PB1 (I:0/1) PB2(I:0/2) & PB3 (I:0/3) is ON
Timer T4:2 will become on which generate delay as per the set. When preset value of the timer i.e.
set value of delay and accumulator value of the timer will become equal to DN (done) bit of the
timer will set and O/P i.e. Lamp RED (O:0/5) will on after the delay.
Latching is provided so that at a time only one lamp is ON eg.O:0/5 & O:0/4 is normally close in
rung 1 & 2.
EN TT DD Reserved bit Word 0
Preset value Word 1
Accumulated value Word 2

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LADDER DIAGRAM:

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CONCLUSION :

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Experiment No. 2(B)
Title: Combination of Counter & Timer for Lamp ON/OFF
operation.
Date:
Roll No.:

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EXPERIMENT NO. 2(B)
COMBINATION OF COUNTER & TIMER FOR LAMP ON/OFF OPERATION
AIM :
To study multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF operation
APPARATUS:
Sr./
No.
1.
Programmable
Logic Controller
2. PLC Trainer Kit
LED Lamp 2 nos.
THEORY:
There are mainly three types of timers use in PLC programming as follows.
i. ON Delay Timer.
ii. ON Delay Timer.
iii. Retentive Timer.
1. ON Delay Timer:
action is to begin a specified time after i/p becomes true. For e.g.- Certain stages in manufacturing
processes is expected to begin 30 sec after i/p is received from limit switch, here 30 sec is nothing
but the present value of ON delay timer.
2. OFF Delay Timer:
It is used to program a time to begin after the i/p goes false. For e.g. – external cooling fan or a
motor which has to run all the time & it is expected to turn off the fan or motor after 5 min when i/p
is sensed by them. The 5 min is nothing but off delay time.
3. Retentive timer:
It is used to reset accumulated value through power loss, process change state or in rung from true
to false. For e.g. RTO is used to true running time OR motor for maintenance. The time is used to
track accumulated value time the motor has run. For e.g. motor need maintenance 8hrs (28800 sec).
Each time the motor is turned off, the timer needs to remember motor's total elapse time, next time
when the motor is turned ON the timer will increased accumulated running time where it left off.
When total accumulated running time has been reached, maintenance reminder time will be off,
same procedure repeats. RESET instruction is used to reset accumulated value of a timer. It is used
only in retentive timer & not in 'ON' or 'OFF' delay timer.

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• Timer element instruction:
COUNTERS :
Every PLC has counter instructions. If the counter count from 0 to 100 desired value & so on it is
called as UP counter & if the counter counts from 100 to 0 it is called as DOWN counter. Counter
instructions are as follows:
• Count Up:- It is used to count from 0 to desired value. Ex. Counting number of parts produced
or rejects from the batch.
• Count Down:- It is used to count from desired value to 0.
Ex.- An operator interface display shows operator the number of parts remaining to be matched
for a lot of 100 parts ordered.
• High Speed Counter:- Used to count pulses that are too fast separated from normal input points
& modules Ex.- To count signals from incremental encoder.
• Counter Reset:- To set a counter. Ex.- Used to reset a counter to 0 so another counting sequence
can begin.
• Counter element instruction:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 WORD
CU CD DN OV UN UA HP LP IV IN IH IL PE LS IE
Reserved
Bit
WORD
0
Preset Value (PRE)
WORD
1
Accumulator Value (ACC)
WORD
2
Addressing mode of Timer Addressing mode of Counter
1. T4: 0 Timer 0 in file no 4.
2. T4: 0.1 T4: 0.PRE - Sub-element
is PRESET Value.
3. T4: 0.2 T4: 0.ACC - Sub-element
is ACCUMULATOR Value.
1. C5:0 Counter 0 in file No. 5
2. C5: 0.1 C5: 0.PRE - Sub-element
is PRESET Value.
3. C5: 0.2 C5: 0.ACC - Sub-element
is ACCUMULATOR Value.
CU CD DN Reserved bits Word 0
Preset value Word 1
Accumulated value Word 2

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PLC SCADA Applications
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STATEMENT:
Draw a ladder diagram to start the timer for 2 sec and after every 2 sec a lamp will ON and a
counter will count the Timer discrete output upto 5 count switch ON another lamp.
EXPLANATION:
The ladder diagram where the timer (T4:0) will start with a NO Push Button (I:0/2) and Reset by
another NO Push Button (I:0/1). The Preset Value of T4:0 is 2 sec. and after every 2 sec. Timer will be
Reset manually by I:0/1. The Done Bit (T4:0/DN) of Timer will ON for each 2 sec. A Lamp i.e. Lamp-1
will ON by this Done Bit (T4:0/DN) and a Counter (C5:0) will count the number of Done Bits. The Preset
Value of counter is 5. So after 5 count a Done Bit (C5:0/DN) of counter will be generated. Another Lamp
i.e. Lamp-2 (O:0/1) will be ON by the Counter Done Bit (C5:0/DN). Counter will be Reset by pressing a
Push Button (I:0/3).
LADDER DIAGRAM:

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CONCLUSION:

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Experiment No. 3
Title: To study Set and Reset operation of lamp.
Date:
Roll No.:

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EXPERIMENT NO. 3
TO STUDY SET AND RESET OPERATION OF LAMP.
AIM :
To Set and Reset lamp by using one push button for ON and one push button for OFF.
APPARATUS:
Sr./
No.
1.
Programmable
Logic Controller
2. PLC Trainer Kit
LED Lamp 2 nos.
THEORY:
An operation latching instruction is an operation instruction used to maintain or latch an operation
ON even if status of input logic that caused the output to energise changes.
When any logical path on the ladder rung containing the latching instruction has continuity the
output referred to latching instruction turns on and remains on even if rung's logical continuity or
PLC system power is lost. Since the latch instruction retains its state through a system power loss,
the latching instruction is called a retentive instruction. Remember, the processor's battery must be
in good condition for the latching status to be remembered in case of power failure.
The latched instruction will remain in a latched ON condition until unlatch instruction with same
reference address is energised. Latch and Unlatch instruction are always used in pairs, each
instruction is located on separate rung.
Analysis of Ladder Logic and rung operation
Figure shows ladder diagram rungs. First rung shows latch instruction while other contains unlatch
instruction.
When input I:0/1on first rung is energised, the output latch instruction, address O:0/0is energized.
The output latch instruction will remain latched on and will be unaffected no matter how input I:0/1
changes. We must use output unlatch instruction. The unlatch instruction will turn off output O:0/0 these

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particular example rungs have only one input each. Any valid input logic may be used as input to latch and
unlatch instruction. The following rules pertain to most latch and unlatch instruction.
• Latch and unlatch instruction are used in pairs.
• Latch and unlatch pairs of instruction must have the same reference address.
• The latch and unlatch ladder rungs do not need to be grouped together in ladder program.
• Latching and unlatching instruction are retentive, provided your plc system battery is
installed and in good condition.
EXPLANATION:
When input Push Button START_1 (I:0/1) is pressed, Output LAMP_1 (O:0/0) should become ON
and Latched, means LAMP_1 will remains ON whereas START_1 become un-pressed. AND when Push
Button STOP_1 (I:0/6) will be pressed and LAMP_1 should become OFF.
Also when input Push Button START_2 (I:0/2) is pressed, Output LAMP_2 (O:0/1) should become
ON and Latched, means LAMP_2 will remains ON whereas START_2 become un-pressed. And when
Push Button STOP_2 (I:0/7) will be pressed then LAMP_2 should become Unlatched.
LADDER DIAGRAM:

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CONCLUSION:

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Experiment No.4
Title: DOL Starter Star Delta Starter operation by using PLC.
Date:
Roll No.:

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EXPERIMENT NO.4
DOL STARTER STAR DELTA STARTER OPERATION BY USING PLC.
AIM :
To study DOL Starter Star Delta Starter operation by using PLC.
APPARATUS :
i) PLC ( Micrologix 1100B series).
ii) 3 Phase Induction Motor.
THEORY :
A direct on line (DOL) or across the line starter applies the full line voltage to the motor terminals.
This is the simplest type of motor starter. A DOL motor starter also contain protection devices, and
in some cases, condition monitoring. Smaller sizes of direct on-line starters are manually operated;
larger size's use an electromechanical contactor (relay) to switch the motor circuit. Solid-state direct
on line starters also exist.
A direct on line starter can be used if the high inrush current of the motor does not cause excessive
voltage drop in the supply circuit. The maximum size of a motor allowed on a direct on line starter
may be limited by the supply utility for this reason. For example, a utility may require rural
customers to use reduced-voltage starters for motors larger than 10 kW.
DOL starting is sometimes used to start small water pumps, compressors, fans and conveyor belts.
In the case of an asynchronous motor, such as the 3-phase squirrel-cage motor, the motor will draw
a high starting current until it has run up to full speed. This starting current is typically 6-7 times
greater than the full load current. To reduce the inrush current, larger motors will have reduced-
voltage starters or variable. speed drives in order to minimize voltage dips to the power supply.
A reversing starter can connect the motor for rotation in either direction. Such a starter contains two
DOL circuits-one for clockwise operation and the other for counter-clockwise operation, with
mechanical and electrical interlocks to prevent simultaneous closure. For three phase motors, this is
achieved by transposing any two phases. Single phase AC motors and direct-current motors require
additional devices for reversing rotation.
Star Delta Starter: In the star-delta starting method, the wiring connection from the power supply
source to the motor is connected from star (wye) to the delta connection. The motor is started in
star configuration and then it is transferred to the delta configuration, allowing the full voltage to be
applied to the motor during its running so as to get the full torque output. This can be further

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explained that in a Star-Delta starter, the motor is started as star connection and when the motor
starts running the connection is changed to delta. With star connection, the motor takes √3 times
less voltage. However, as the torque is proportional to square of the voltage, the starting torque also
reduces.
DIAGRAM:
DOL Starter STAR - DELTA Starter

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1. DOL Starter:
EXPLANATION:
DOL Starter: Whenever START Push Button (I:0/1) is pressed then an internal memory bit (B3:0/0) is
Latched and Motor Output (O:0/1) becomes ON with this bit, i.e. Motor gets connected to Mains.
The Motor (O:0/1) remains ON even after START Push Button (I:0/1) is released. And Motor (O:0/1) will be
stopped if STOP Push Button (I:0/6) is pressed.
LADDER DIAGRAM:
2.STAR – DELTA Starter:
EXPLANATION:
STAR-DELTA Starter: Whenever START Push Button (I:0/1) is pressed then an internal memory bit
(B3:0/0) is Latched and with the bit the MOTOR Contact (O:0/0) and the STAR Contact (O:0/1) are connected
and Latched. And also with this bit a Timer (T4:0) will ON with its Preset Value 5sec.
When The Preset Value and Accumulator Value of the Timer (T4:0) become same then by the Timer’s Done
Bit (T4:0/DN) the internal memory bit (B3:0/0) become unlatched and so that the STAR contact (O:0/1)
become disconnected. At the same Timer’s Done Bit (T4:0/DN) also connect and latched the DELTA contact
(O:0/2) and Timer (T4:0) become Reset.

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When STOP Push Button (I:0/2) is pressed then the MOTOR contact (O:0/0) and DELTA contact (O:0/2)
become unlatched and disconnected i.e. MOTOR become OFF.
LADDER DIAGRAM:
CONCLUSION:

108021192-Plc-Scada-Lab-Manual-Part-1.pdf

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