Electrical Circuit Lab

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
LAB-MANUAL
II Year III SEM EE
3EE8A
Electrical Circuit Lab
1

INDEX
S No. CONTENT Page No.
1. Syllabus
3
2. Do’s & Don’ts
4
3. Instructions to the Students 5
4. Lab PEO 6
5. Lab Plan 12
Experiment as per RTU Syllabus
6. Exp-1 Draw the circuit symbols. 13
7. Exp-2 Verify the Thevenin’s and Super position Theorems
for dc circuits.
16
8.
Exp-3 (a) Write a C Program to Compute Resistance of a
Conductor, Resistivity, Length and area are given.
(b)Write a C program to Compute Change in Resistance of a
Conductor , initial & final temp, Temp coefficient and initial
resistance is given.
21
9. Exp-4 Write a C Program to convert (a) a Star resistive
network in Delta Resistive Network (b) a Delta resistive
network in Star Resistive Network.
25
10.
Exp-5 Write a C program to Compute DC Analysis of a
Resistive network to determine all branch currents and voltage
drop across resistances.
30
11. Exp-6 Write a C program to Compute Transient Analysis of a
RL Series And RC Series network to produce table of
components voltages & currents level for a given set of time
instants.
34
ROTOR # 2
13.
Exp-7 Introduction of PSPICE Programming.
14. Exp-8 Write a PSPICE Program for DC-analysis of resistor 53
2

networks to determine node voltages, components voltages,
and component currents.
15.
Exp-9 Write a PSPICE Program for AC-analysis of resistor
networks that have several voltage sources.
60
16.
Exp-10 Write a PSPICE Program for Transient –analyze of
RC & RL circuits to produce tables of component voltage &
current levels for a given set of time instants & to produce
graphs of voltages & currents versus time.
66
17.
Exp-11 Write a PSPICE Program for AC-analyze of
impedance networks to determine the magnitude & phase of
node voltages, components voltages and component currents.
74
18.
Exp-12 Write a PSPICE Program to determine the magnitude
& phase of component voltages and currents in resonant
circuits.
Experiment Beyond Syllabus
19.
Exp-13 Write a PSPICE Program for AC-analyze of
impedance networks to determine the magnitude, phase, real &
phase of node voltages, components voltages and component
currents.
81
3

Detailed Syllabus
Class: III Sem. B.Tech. Evaluation
Branch: E.E
Schedule per Week
Practical Hrs : 2 hr/week
Examination Time = Three (2) Hours
Maximum Marks = 50
[Sessional (30) & End-term (20)]
S. No. List of Experiments as per RTU Syllabus
1. Draw the circuit symbols.
2. Verify theorems for A. C. & D. C. circuits.
PSPICE PROGRAMS FOR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS:
3. DC-analysis resistor networks to determine node voltages, components
voltages, and component currents.
4. Analyze resistor networks that have several voltage and current
sources and variable load resistors
5. Transient –analyze RC & RL circuits to produce tables of component voltage
& current levels for a given set of time instants & to produce graphs of
voltages & currents versus time.
6. AC-analyze impedance networks to determine the magnitude & phase of
node voltages, components voltages and component currents.
7. Determine the magnitude & phase and component voltages and currents in
resonant circuits & produce voltage and current v/s frequency graphs.
PROGRAMS FOR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS:
8. Calculate the resistance of a conductor
9. D.C.-analyze resistor networks to determine all junction voltages
10. Transient –analyze RC & RL circuits to produce tables of component voltage
& current levels for a given set of time instants.
11. Convert Y-connected resistor networks to delta-connected circuits.
List of Experiments Beyond Syllabus
12. Write a PSPICE Program for AC-analyze of impedance networks to
determine the magnitude, phase, real & phase of node voltages, components
voltages and component currents.
4

LAB ETHICS
DO’s
1. Enter the lab on time and leave at proper time.
2. Keep the bags outside in the racks.
3. Utilize lab hours in the corresponding experiment.
4. Shut down the computers before leaving the lab.
5. Maintain the decorum of the lab.
Don’ts
1. Don’t bring any external material in the lab.
2. Don’t make noise in the lab.
3. Don’t bring the mobile in the lab. If extremely necessary then keep ringers off.
4. Don’t enter in server room without permission of lab incharge.
5. Don’t litter in the lab.
6. Don’t delete or make any modification in system files.
7. Don’t carry any lab equipments outside the lab
We need your full support and cooperation for smooth functioning of the lab.
5

INSTRUCTIONS
BEFORE ENTERING IN THE LAB
1. All the students are supposed to prepare the theory regarding the next
program.
2. Students are supposed to bring the practical file and the lab copy.
3. Previous program should be written in the practical file.
4. Algorithm & Program of the current program should be written in the lab
copy.
5. Any student not following these instructions will be denied entry in the lab and
Sessional Marks will be affected.
WHILE WORKING IN THE LAB
1. Adhere to experimental schedule as instructed by the faculty.
2. Get the previously executed program signed by the faculty.
3. Get the output of current program checked by the faculty in the lab copy.
4. Each student should work on his assigned computer at each turn of the lab.
5. Take responsibility of valuable accessories.
6. Concentrate on the assigned practical and don’t play games.
7. If anyone is caught red-handed carrying any equipment of the lab, then he will
have to face serious consequences.
Lab Plan
6

1.Single computer is allotted to each student.
2. Each experiment number is scheduled as per turn.
ROTOR # 1
Turn
Exp No
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 √
2 √
3 √
4 √
5 √
6 √
ROTOR # 2
Turn
Exp No
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
7 √
8 √
9 √
10 √
11 √
12 √
13 √
7

EXPERIMENT # 1
OBJECT: Make Circuit Symbols
THEORY: Some basic symbols are –
Sr.
No.
COMPONENTS SYMBOLS
DESCRIPTION
1. RESISTOR
A resistor is a two-terminal electrical or
electronic component that resists an electric
current by producing a voltage drop between
its terminals in R= V/I accordance with Ohm's
law: The electrical resistance is equal to the
voltage drop across the resistor divided by the
current through the resistor
2.
VARIABLE
RESISTOR
Variable resistors consist of a resistance track
with connections at both ends and a wiper
which moves along the track as you turn the
spindle
3.
CAPACITOR
A capacitor is an electrical device that can
store energy in the electric field between a pair
of closely spaced conductors (called 'plates').
When current is applied to the capacitor,
electric charges of equal magnitude, but
opposite polarity, build up on each plate.
4
ELECTROLYTIC
CAPACITOR
An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor
typically with a larger capacitance per unit
volume than other types, making them valuable
in relatively high-current and low-frequency
electrical circuits
5
INDUCTOR
An inductor is a passive electronic component
that stores energy in the form of a magnetic
field. In its simplest form, an inductor consists
of a wire loop or coil
6 TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a device that transfers
electrical energy from one circuit to another
through a shared magnetic field.
7 MOTOR
An electric motor converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy. The reverse process,
that of converting mechanical energy into
electrical energy, is accomplished by a
generator or dynamo.
8
VOLTMETER
A voltmeter is an instrument used for
measuring the electrical potential difference
between two points in an electric circuit
Sr.
No.
COMPONENTS SYMBOLS
DESCRIPTION
8

9
AMMETER
An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to
measure the flow of electric current in a circuit.
Electric currents are measured in amperes,
hence the name.
10
WATTMETER The Wattmeter is an instrument for measuring
the electric power or the supply rate of
electrical energy (Watts) of any given circuit.
11
BATTERY
A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that
stores chemical energy and makes it available
in an electrical form, and a battery is a string
of two or more cells in series. Other types of
electrochemical cell include electrolytic cells,
fuel cells, flow cells, or voltaic cells.
12 FUSE
In electronics and electrical engineering a fuse,
short for 'fusible link', is a type of overcurrent
protection device. Its essential component is a
metal wire or strip that melts when too much
current flows.
13 SWITCH
A switch is a device for changing the course
(or flow) of a circuit.
14
EARTH To represent zero potentail
15
WIRES (JOINED) Electric wiring (joined) connects one part of
the circuit to the other.
16
WIRES (NOT
JOINED)
Electric wiring (not joined) isolates one part
of the circuit from the other.
17 D C SUPPLY
A D. C. supply is a fixed supply voltage with
no ripples.
18
SINGLE PHASE
A C SUPPLY
2 wire supply system having 1 phase and one
neutral wire at a fixed frequency of supply
votage
19
3 PHASE AC
SUPPLY
3 phases each having a 120 phase shift with
the other at a fixed frequency.
Sr.
No.
COMPONENTS SYMBOLS
DESCRIPTION
20
SPST Toggle
Switch
Disconnects current when open
21
SPDT Toggle
Switch Selects between two connections
9

22
Pushbutton Switch
(N.O)
Momentary switch - normally open
23
Pushbutton Switch
(N.C)
Momentary switch - normally closed
24
Controlled
Voltage Source
Generates voltage as a function of voltage or
current of other circuit element.
25
Controlled Current
Source
Generates current as a function of voltage or
current of other circuit element.
26
NPN Bipolar
Transistor
Allows current flow when high potential at
base (middle)
27
PNP Bipolar
Transistor
Allows current flow when low potential at base
(middle)
28 Darlington
Transistor
Made from 2 bipolar transistors. Has total gain
of the product of each gain.
29 JFET-N Transistor N-channel field effect transistor
30
JFET-P Transistor P-channel field effect transistor
31 NMOS Transistor N-channel MOSFET transistor
32 PMOS Transistor P-channel MOSFET transistor
33 Diode
Diode allows current flow in one direction only
- left (anode) to right (cathode).
Sr.
No.
COMPONENTS SYMBOLS
DESCRIPTION
34 Zener Diode
Allows current flow in one direction, but also
can flow in the reverse direction when above
breakdown voltage
35
Varactor / Varicap
Diode
Variable capacitance diode
36 Schottky Diode
Schottky diode is a diode with low voltage
drop
10

37
Light Emitting
Diode (LED)
LED emits light when current flows through
38 Photodiode
Photodiode allows current flow when exposed
to light
39
Optocoupler /
Opto-isolator
Optocoupler isolates connection to other board
40 Loudspeaker Converts electrical signal to sound waves
41 Microphone Converts sound waves to electrical signal
42
Operational
Amplifier
Amplify input signal
43 Schmitt Trigger Operates with hysteresis to reduce noise.
44
Analog-to-digital
converter (ADC)
Converts analog signal to digital numbers
45
Digital-to-Analog
converter (DAC)
Converts digital numbers to analog signal
46 Crystal Oscillator
Used to generate precise frequency clock
signal
RESULT:
Study of electrical symbols has been done successfully.
11

EXPERIMENT # 2
OBJECT: Verify the Thevenin’s and Super position Theorems for dc circuits.
THEORY:
THEVENIN'S THEOREM
Thevenin's Theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no matter how complex,
to an equivalent circuit with just a single voltage source and series resistance connected to a load.
Thevenin's Theorem is especially useful in analyzing power systems and other circuits where one
particular resistor in the circuit (called the “load” resistor) is subject to change, and re-calculation
of the circuit is necessary with each trial value of load resistance, to determine voltage across it
and current through it.
Example: find the voltage across R2
Fig.2.1
Thevenin's Theorem makes this easy by temporarily removing the load resistance from the original
circuit and reducing what's left to an equivalent circuit composed of a single voltage source and
series resistance. The load resistance can then be re-connected to this “Thevenin equivalent
circuit” and calculations carried out as if the whole network were nothing but a simple series
circuit.
Fig.2.2
First, the chosen load resistor is removed from the original circuit, replaced with a break (open
circuit):
Fig.2.3
Voltage between the two points where the load resistor used to be attached is –
12

Fig.2.4
Thevenin voltage” (EThevenin) in the equivalent circuit = 11.2 volts
Thevenin series resistance- With the removal of the two batteries, the total resistance measured at
this location is equal to R1 and R3 in parallel: 0.8 Ω. This is our “Thevenin resistance” (RThevenin) for
the equivalent circuit
Fig.2.5
Now current through R2
I= Eth/(Rth + R2) = 11.2/2.8 = 4 amp
Voltage across R2 is : I x R2 = 8Volts
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:
The strategy used in the Superposition Theorem is to eliminate all but one source of power within
a network at a time, using series/parallel analysis to determine voltage drops (and/or currents)
within the modified network for each power source separately. Then, once voltage drops and/or
currents have been determined for each power source working separately, the values are all
“superimposed” on top of each other (added algebraically) to find the actual voltage drops/current
with all sources active.
Fig.2.6
Case (i) Consider 28 V source only
13

Fig.2.7
Case (ii)Consider 7 volt battery -
Fig.2.8
When re-drawing the circuit for series/parallel analysis with one source, all other voltage sources
are replaced by wires (shorts), and all current sources with open circuits (breaks). Since we only
have voltage sources (batteries) in our example circuit, we will replace every inactive source
during analysis with a wire.
When superimposing these values of voltage and current, we have to be very careful to consider
polarity (voltage drop) and direction (electron flow), as the values have to be added algebraically.
Fig.2.9
Applying these superimposed voltage figures to the circuit; the end result looks something like
this:
Fig.2.10
RESULT:
14

The voltage across R2 is 8 volt is proved by thevenin’s and super position theorems.
EXPERIMENT # 3
15

OBJECT: (a)Write a C Program to Compute Resistance of a Conductor,
Resistivity, Length and area is given.
(b) Write a C program to Compute Change in Resistance of a Conductor,initial
& final temp, Temp coefficient and initial resistance is given.
THEORY:
(a) Resistance of a conductor is
R = . L/a
Where R = Resistance of a conductor in ohm
 = Resistivity of conductor in ohm-m
l = Length of a conductor in m
a = Area of cross section of conductor in m2
(b) Resistance of a conductor at temperature t1 & t2
o
C are
R1=R0 (1+ t1)
& R2=R0 (1+ t2)
R1 & R2=Resistance of conductor at temp t1 & t2
o
C
R0 =Resistance of conductor at temp 0o
C
 = Temp coefficient of material in / o
C
Change in Resistance is ∆R= R1 - R2
PROGRAM : (A)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
float r,l,a,res;
clrscr( );
printf("n ENTER LENGTH OF RESISTANCE IN mtr: ");
scanf("%f",&l);
printf("n ENTER AREA OF RESISTANCE mtr² : ");
scanf("%f",&a);
printf("n ENTER RESISTIVITY OF RESISTANCE Ω-mtr: ");
scanf("%f",&res);
r=res*l/a;
16

printf("nRESISTANCE = %f Ω",r);
getch( );
}
OUTPUT: ENTER LENGTH OF RESISTANCE IN mtr 1
ENTER AREA OF RESISTANCE mtr² : 0.2
ENTER RESISTIVITY OF RESISTANCE Ω-mtr : 0.2
RESISTANCE = 1 Ω
PROGRAM: (B)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float r0,r1,r2,t1,t2,coff;
clrscr( );
printf("n ENTER VALUE OF TEMPRATURE COFF.(α) IN Ω/°cel : ");
scanf("%f",& coff);
printf("nENTER RESISTANCE AT 0°celcius IN Ω : ");
scanf("%f",&r0);
printf("nENTER INITIAL TEMPRATURE IN °celcius : ");
scanf("%f",&t1);
printf("nENTER FINAL TEMPRATURE IN °celcius : ");
scanf("%f",&t2);
r1=r0*(1+coff*t1);
r2=r0*(1+coff*t2);
printf("nINITIAL RESISTANCE = %f Ω",r1);
printf("nFINAL RESISTANCE = %f Ω",r2);
printf("nCHANGE IN RESISTANCE = %f Ω",r2-r1);
getch( );
}
OUTPUT: ENTER VALUE OF TEMPRATURE COFF.(α) IN Ω/°cel : 0.01
ENTER RESISTANCE AT 0°celcius IN Ω : 20
ENTER INITIAL TEMPRATURE IN °Celsius: 0
ENTER FINAL TEMPRATURE IN °Celsius: 20
INITIAL RESISTANCE = 20.000 Ω
FINAL RESISTANCE = 24.000 Ω
CHANGE IN RESISTANCE = 4.000 Ω
17

RESULT:
Hence we made C program for calculation of resistance for -
(i) Resistance for a conductor for given area, length and Resistivity;
(ii) Change in resistance for given temperature.
EXPERIMENT # 4
OBJECT: Write a C Program to convert
(a) a Star resistive network in Delta Resistive Network
(b) a Delta resistive network in Star Resistive Network
18

THEORY:
Fig.4.1 Delta Connection Fig.4.2 Star Connection
If resistance of star connection are RA, RB & RC and in delta RAB ,RAC & RBC then Conversion –
PROGRAM:
(A)STAR TO DELTA CONVERSION
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
19

{
float RA, RB , RC ,RAB ,RAC , RBC ;
clrscr( );
printf("enter the value of resistance RA:");
scanf("%f",& RA);
printf("enter the value of resistance RB:");
scanf("%f",& RB);
printf("enter the value of resistance RC:");
scanf("%f",& RC);
RAB= RA + RB + (RAx RB )/ RC;
RBC= RB + RC + (RBx RC )/ RA;
RAC= RA + RC + (RAx RC )/ RB;
printf("star to delta resistance RAB =%fn", RAB);
printf("star to delta resistance RBC =%fn", RBC);
printf("star to delta resistance RAC=%fn", RAC);
getch( );
}
(B) DELTA TO STAR CONVERSION
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
float RA, RB , RC ,RAB ,RAC , RBC,R;
printf("enter the value of resistance RAB ");
scanf("%f"&RAB);
printf("enter the value of resistance RBC ");
scanf("%f"&RBC);
printf("enter the value of resistance RAC ");
scanf("%f"&RAC);
R=RAB+RBC+RAC;
RA=(RAB*RAC)/R;
RB=(RBC*RAB)/R;
RC=(RAC*RBC)/R;
printf("delta to star resistance RA=%fn",RA);
20

printf("delta to star resistance RB=%fn",RB);
printf("delta to star resistance RC=%fn",RC);
getch( );
}
OUTPUT:
(A)STAR TO DELTA CONVERSION-
Enter the value of resistance RA: 2
Enter the value of resistance RB: 4
Enter the value of resistance RC: 6
Star to delta resistance RAB = 7.33
Star to delta resistance RBC = 22
Star to delta resistance RAC= 11
(B) DELTA TO STAR CONVERSION
Enter the value of resistance RAB = 7.33
Enter the value of resistance RBC = 22
Enter the value of resistance RAC = 11
Delta to star resistance RA = 2
Delta to star resistance RB = 4
Delta to star resistance RC = 6
RESULT:
Hence we make a C Program to convert
(i) a Star resistive network in Delta Resistive Network and
(ii) a Delta resistive network in Star Resistive Network
EXPERIMENT # 5
OBJECT: Write a C program to Compute DC Analysis of a Resistive network
to determine all branch currents and voltage drop across resistances.
THEORY: For following circuit
21

Fig. 5.1 Two mesh circuit
The mesh equations – (r1+r2) I1 +I2 r2 = V1-V2;
r2 I1 +(r2+r3) I2 = V3-V2;
In Matrix Form-
┌ (r1+r2) r2 ┐┌ I1 ┐ ┌ V1-V2 ┐
└ r2 (r2+r3) ┘└ I2 ┘ └ V3-V2┘
I1 = d1/d ; I2 = d2/d;
Where – d = | (r1+r2) r2 | d 1= | V1-V2 r2 | d 2= | (r1+r2) V1-V2 |
| r2 (r2+r3) | | V3-V2 (r2+r3) | | r2 V3-V2 |
Then Branch currents – for branch-1 I1; for branch-2 I1+I2; for branch-3 I2
Voltage drop across r1 = I1* r1;
Voltage drop across r2 = (I1+I2)* r2;
Voltage drop across r3 = I2* r3;
PROGRAM :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float r1, r2,r3,v1,v2,v3,i1,i2,d1,d2,d;
float a[2][2],c[2];
clrscr ( );
printf("n ENTER VALUE OF RESISTANCE IN BRANCH 1 : ");
scanf("%f",&r1);
scanf("%f",&r2);
scanf("%f",&r3);
printf("n ENTER VALUE OF VOLTAGE IN BRANCH 1 : ");
scanf("%f",&v1);
22

scanf("%f",&v2);
scanf("%f",&v3);
a[0][0]=r1+r2;
a[0][1]=r2;
a[1][0]=r2;
a[1][1]=r2+r3;
c[0]=v1-v2;
c[1]=v3-v2;
printf("nt║%3.4f %3.4f║ ║i1 ║= ║%3.4f ║",a[0][0],a[0][1],c[0]);
printf("nt║%3.4f %3.4f║ ║i2 ║= ║%3.4f ║",a[1][0],a[1][1],c[1]);
d=(a[0][0]*a[1][1])-(a[0][1]*a[1][0]);
d1=(c[0]*a[1][1])-(a[0][1]*c[1]);
d2=(a[0][0]*c[1])-(c[0]*a[1][0]);
i1=d1/d;
i2=d2/d;
printf("nnt MESH CURRENTS AREnt MESH 1 = %3.4fntMESH 2 = %3.4f",i1,i2);
printf("nnt BRANCH CURRENTS AREnt BRANCH 1 = %3.4fntBRANCH 2 =
%3.4fntBRANCH 3 = %3.4f",i1,i1+i2,i2);
printf("nnt VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS :nttt BRANCH 1 = %3.4fntttBRANCH 2
= %3.4fntttBRANCH 3 = %3.4f",i1*r1,i1*r2+i2*r2,i2*r3);
getch( );
}
OUTPUT: ENTER VALUE OF RESISTANCE IN BRANCH 1 r1 = 2
ENTER VALUE OF RESISTANCE IN BRANCH 2 r2 = 4
ENTER VALUE OF RESISTANCE IN BRANCH 3 r3 = 2
ENTER VALUE OF VOLTAGE IN BRANCH 1 V1 = 10
║6 4 ║ ║i1 ║= ║10 ║
║4 6 ║ ║i2 ║= ║10 ║
MESH CURRENTS ARE
MESH I1 = 1.6667 Amp MESH I2 = 1.6667 Amp
23

BRANCH CURRENTS ARE
BRANCH 1 = 1.6667 Amp
VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS:
BRANCH 1 = 3.3334 Volt
RESULT: Hence we write a C program to Compute DC Analysis of a Resistive network for
two loop network to determine all branch currents and voltage drop across resistances.
EXPERIMENT # 6
OBJECT: Write a C program to Compute Transient Analysis of a RL Series
And RC Series network to produce table of components voltages & current
levels for a given set of time instants.
THEORY: Taking all initial conditions zero, For following R-L Series circuit –
i = V/R [1- exp(-R/L*t)]
VR= V [1- exp (-R/L*t)]
24

VL= V [exp (-R/L*t)]
Fig.6.1 Series RL circuit with DC source
Taking all initial conditions zero, For following R-C Series circuit –
i = V/R [ exp(-t/RC)]
VR= V [exp (-t/RC)]
VL= V [1 - exp (-t/RC)]
Fig.6.2 Series RC circuit with DC source
PROGRAM:
(I) ANALYSIS OF SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float V, R, X[15], L, i[15], VR[15], VL[15], t[15], A[15];
int j, n;
clrscr( );
printf("Enter the value of voltage & resistor V ,R");
scanf("%f%f",&V,&R);
25

printf("Enter the value of inductance in hennery L=");
scanf("%f",&L);
printf("Enter the value of no. of time division n=");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
printf("Enter the value of time in sec t =");
scanf("%f",& t[j]);
X[j]=(R/L)*t[j];
A[j]=exp(-X[j]);
i[j]=(V/R)*(1-A[j]);
VR[j]=V*(1-A[j]);
VL[j]=V*A[j];
}
printf("t(sec) I(Amp) VR(Volt) VL(Volt)n");
for(j=1;j<n;j++)
{
printf("%ft%ft%ft%f",t[j],i[j],VR[j],VL[j]);
printf("n");
}
getch( );
}
(II) ANALYSIS OF SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float V, R, X[15], C, i[15], VR[15], Vc[15], t[15], A[15];
int j, n;
clrscr( );
printf("Enter the value of voltage & resistor V,R");
scanf("%f%f",&V,&R);
printf("Enter the value of Capacitance in Farad C=");
scanf("%f",&C);
26

printf("Enter the value of no. time:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
printf("Enter the value of t in Sec :");
scanf("%f",& t[j]);
X[j]= t[j]/(R*C);
A[j]=exp(-X[j]);
i[j]=(V/R)*(A[j]);
VR[j]=V*A[j];
Vc[j]=V*(1-A[j]);
}
printf("t (Sec) I(Amp) VR(Volt) Vc(Volt)n");
for(j=1;j<n;j++)
{
printf("%ft%ft%ft%f",t[j],i[j],VR[j],Vc[j]);
printf("n");
}
getch( );
}
OUT PUT: (I) ANALYSIS OF SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Enter the value of voltage V=100
Enter the value of resistance in ohm R= 10
Enter the value of inductance in Henry L= 10
Enter the value of no. of time division n= 4
Enter the value of time t in sec = 0.0
t(sec) I(Amp) VR(Volt) VL(Volt)
0.0 0.000 0.000 100.000
0.1 0.952 9.516 90.484
0.2 1.812 18.127 81.873
0.3 2.592 25.918 74.082
(II) ANALYSIS OF SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Enter the value of voltage V=10
Enter the value of resistance in ohm R= 10
Enter the value of Capacitance in Farad C= 0.01
27

Enter the value of no. of time division n= 5
t(sec) I(Amp) VR(Volt) VC(Volt)
0.000 0.000 10.000 0.000
0.001 0.00995 9.900 0.099
0.002 0.0198 9.802 0.198
0.003 0.0295 9.704 0.295
0.004 0.0392 9.607 0.392
RESULT:
Hence we made a C program to Compute AC Analysis of a RL Series And RC Series network to
produce table of components voltages & current levels for a given set of time instants.
EXPERIMENT # 7
OBJECT: Introduction of PSPICE Programming
THEORY:
Circuit components -
The first letter in each respective line primarily identifies all components in a PSPICE source file.
Characters following the identifying letter are used to distinguish one component of a certain type
from another of the same type (r1, r2, r3, rload, r pullup, etc.).
1.Passive components
RESISTORS
r1 1 0 2t (Resistor R1, 2t = 2 Tera-ohms = 2 TΩ)
r2 1 0 4g (Resistor R2, 4g = 4 Giga-ohms = 4 GΩ)
r3 1 0 47meg (Resistor R3, 47meg = 47 Mega-ohms = 47 MΩ)
r4 1 0 3.3k (Resistor R4, 3.3k = 3.3 kilo-ohms = 3.3 kΩ)
r5 1 0 55m (Resistor R5, 55m = 55 milli-ohms = 55 mΩ)
r6 1 0 10u (Resistor R6, 10u = 10 micro-ohms 10 µΩ)
r7 1 0 30n (Resistor R7, 30n = 30 nano-ohms = 30 nΩ)
r8 1 0 5p (Resistor R8, 5p = 5 pico-ohms = 5 pΩ)
r9 1 0 250f (Resistor R9, 250f = 250 femto-ohms = 250 fΩ)
Scientific notation:
r10 1 0 4.7e3 (Resistor R10, 4.7e3 = 4.7 x 103
ohms = 4.7 kilo-ohms = 4.7 kΩ)
r11 1 0 1e-12 (Resistor R11, 1e-12 = 1 x 10-12
ohms = 1 pico-ohm = 1 pΩ)
28

CAPACITORS
General form: c[name] [node1] [node2] [value] ic=[initial voltage]
Example 1: c1 12 33 10u
Example 2: c1 12 33 10u ic=3.5
Comments: The "initial condition" (ic=) variable is the capacitor's voltage in units of volts at the
start of DC analysis. It is an optional value, with the starting voltage assumed to be zero if
unspecified. Starting current values for capacitors are interpreted by SPICE only if the .tran
analysis option is invoked (with the "uic" option).
INDUCTORS
General form: l[name] [node1] [node2] [value] ic=[initial current]
Example 1: l1 12 33 133m
Example 2: l1 12 33 133m ic=12.7m
Comments: The "initial condition" (ic=) variable is the inductor's current in units of amps at the
start of DC analysis. It is an optional value, with the starting current assumed to be zero if
unspecified. Starting current values for inductors are interpreted by SPICE only if the .tran
analysis option is invoked.
INDUCTOR COUPLING (transformers)
General form: k[name] l[name] l[name] [coupling factor]
Example 1: k1 l1 l2 0.999
Comments: SPICE will only allow coupling factor values between 0 and 1 (non-inclusive), with 0
representing no coupling and 1 representing perfect coupling. The order of specifying coupled
inductors (l1, l2 or l2, l1) is irrelevant.
2. Sources
AC SINEWAVE VOLTAGE SOURCES (when using .ac card to specify frequency):
General form: v[name] [+node] [-node] ac [voltage] [phase] sin
Example 1: v1 1 0 ac 12 sin
Example 2: v1 1 0 ac 12 240 sin (12 V 240∠ o
)
Comments: This method of specifying AC voltage sources works well if you're using multiple
sources at different phase angles from each other, but all at the same frequency. If you need to
specify sources at different frequencies in the same circuit, you must use the next method!
AC SINEWAVE VOLTAGE SOURCES (when NOT using .ac card to specify frequency):
General form: v[name] [+node] [-node] sin([offset] [voltage]
+ [freq] [delay] [damping factor])
Example 1: v1 1 0 sin(0 12 60 0 0)
Parameter definitions:
offset = DC bias voltage, offsetting the AC waveform by a specified voltage.
voltage = peak, or crest, AC voltage value for the waveform.
freq = frequency in Hertz.
delay = time delay, or phase offset for the waveform, in seconds.
damping factor = a figure used to create waveforms of decaying amplitude.
Comments: This method of specifying AC voltage sources works well if you're using multiple
sources at different frequencies from each other. Representing phase shift is tricky, though,
necessitating the use of the delay factor.
DC VOLTAGE SOURCES (when using .dc card to specify voltage):
General form: v[name] [+node] [-node] dc
Example 1: v1 1 0 dc
29

Comments: If you wish to have SPICE output voltages not in reference to node 0, you must use
the .dc analysis option, and to use this option you must specify at least one of your DC sources in
this manner.
DC VOLTAGE SOURCES (when NOT using .dc card to specify voltage):
General form: v[name] [+node] [-node] dc [voltage]
Example 1: v1 1 0 dc 12
Comments: Nothing noteworthy here!
PULSE VOLTAGE SOURCES
General form: v[name] [+node] [-node] pulse ([i] [p] [td] [tr]
+ [tf] [pw] [pd])
i = initial value
p = pulse value
td = delay time (all time parameters in units of seconds)
tr = rise time
tf = fall time
pw = pulse width
pd = period
Example 1: v1 1 0 pulse (-3 3 0 0 0 10m 20m)
Comments: Example 1 is a perfect square wave oscillating between -3 and +3 volts, with zero rise
and fall times, a 20 millisecond period, and a 50 percent duty cycle (+3 volts for 10 ms, then -3
volts for 10 ms).
AC SINEWAVE CURRENT SOURCES (when using .ac card to specify frequency):
General form: i[name] [+node] [-node] ac [current] [phase] sin
Example 1: i1 1 0 ac 3 sin (3 amps)
Example 2: i1 1 0 ac 1m 240 sin (1 mA 240∠ o
)
Comments: The same comments apply here (and in the next example) as for AC voltage sources.
AC SINEWAVE CURRENT SOURCES (when NOT using .ac card to specify frequency):
General form: i[name] [+node] [-node] sin([offset]
+ [current] [freq] 0 0)
Example 1: i1 1 0 sin(0 1.5 60 0 0)
DC CURRENT SOURCES (when using .dc card to specify current):
General form: i[name] [+node] [-node] dc
Example 1: i1 1 0 dc
DC CURRENT SOURCES (when NOT using .dc card to specify current):
General form: i[name] [+node] [-node] dc [current]
Example 1: i1 1 0 dc 12
Comments: Even though the books all say that the first node given for the DC current source is
the positive node, that's not what I've found to be in practice. In actuality, a DC current source in
SPICE pushes current in the same direction as a voltage source (battery) would with its negative
node specified first.
PULSE CURRENT SOURCES
General form: i[name] [+node] [-node] pulse ([i] [p] [td] [tr]
+ [tf] [pw] [pd])
i = initial value
30

p = pulse value
td = delay time
tr = rise time
tf = fall time
pw = pulse width
pd = period
Example 1: i1 1 0 pulse (-3m 3m 0 0 0 17m 34m)
Comments: Example 1 is a perfect square wave oscillating between -3 mA and +3 mA, with zero
rise and fall times, a 34 millisecond period, and a 50 percent duty cycle (+3 mA for 17 ms, then -3
mA for 17 ms).
VOLTAGE SOURCES (dependent):
General form: e[name] [out+node] [out-node] [in+node] [in-node]
+ [gain]
Example 1: e1 2 0 1 2 999k
Comments: Dependent voltage sources are great to use for simulating operational amplifiers.
Example 1 shows how such a source would be configured for use as a voltage follower, inverting
input connected to output (node 2) for negative feedback, and the noninverting input coming in on
node 1. The gain has been set to an arbitrarily high value of 999,000. One word of caution, though:
SPICE does not recognize the input of a dependent source as being a load, so a voltage source tied
only to the input of an independent voltage source will be interpreted as "open." See op-amp
circuit examples for more details on this.
Analysis options-
AC ANALYSIS:
General form: .ac [curve] [points] [start] [final]
Example 1: .ac lin 1 1000 1000
Comments: The [curve] field can be "lin" (linear), "dec" (decade), or "oct" (octave), specifying
the (non)linearity of the frequency sweep. specifies how many points within the frequency sweep
to perform analyses at (for decade sweep, the number of points per decade; for octave, the number
of points per octave). The [start] and [final] fields specify the starting and ending frequencies of
the sweep, respectively. One final note: the "start" value cannot be zero!
DC ANALYSIS:
General form: .dc [source] [start] [final] [increment]
Example 1: .dc vin 1.5 15 0.5
Comments: The .dc card is necessary if you want to print or plot any voltage between two
nonzero nodes. Otherwise, the default "small-signal" analysis only prints out the voltage between
each nonzero node and node zero.
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS:
General form: .tran [increment] [stop_time] [start_time]
+ [comp_interval]
Example 1: .tran 1m 50m uic
Example 2: .tran .5m 32m 0 .01m
Comments: Example 1 has an increment time of 1 millisecond and a stop time of 50 milliseconds
(when only two parameters are specified, they are increment time and stop time, respectively).
Example 2 has an increment time of 0.5 milliseconds, a stop time of 32 milliseconds, a start time
of 0 milliseconds (no delay on start), and a computation interval of 0.01 milliseconds.
Default value for start time is zero. Transient analysis always beings at time zero, but storage of
data only takes place between start time and stop time. Data output interval is increment time, or
(stop time - start time)/50, which ever is smallest. However, the computing interval variable can be
used to force a computational interval smaller than either. For large total interval counts, the itl5
31

variable in the .options card may be set to a higher number. The "uic" option tells SPICE to "use
initial conditions."
PLOT OUTPUT -
General form: .plot [type] [output1] [output2] . . . [output n]
Example 1: .plot dc v(1,2) i(v2)
Example 2: .plot ac v(3,4) vp(3,4) i(v1) ip(v1)
Example 3: .plot tran v(4,5) i(v2)
Comments: SPICE can't handle more than eight data point requests on a single .plot or .print card.
If requesting more than eight data points, use multiple cards!
Also, here's a major caveat when using SPICE version 3: if you're performing AC analysis and you
ask SPICE to plot an AC voltage as in example #2, the v(3,4) command will only output the real
component of a rectangular-form complex number! SPICE version 2 outputs the polar magnitude
of a complex number: a much more meaningful quantity if only a single quantity is asked for. To
coerce SPICE3 to give you polar magnitude, you will have to re-write the .print or .plot argument
as such: vm(3,4).
PRINT OUTPUT-
General form: .print [type] [output1] [output2] . . . [output n]
Example 1: .print dc v(1,2) i(v2)
Example 2: .print ac v(2,4) i(vinput) vp(2,3)
Example 3: .print tran v(4,5) i(v2)
Comments: SPICE can't handle more than eight data point requests on a single .plot or .print card.
If requesting more than eight data points, use multiple cards!
FOURIER ANALYSIS -
General form: .four [freq] [output1] [output2] . . . [output n]
Example 1: .four 60 v(1,2)
Comments: The .four card relies on the .tran card being present somewhere in the deck, with the
proper time periods for analysis of adequate cycles. Also, SPICE may "crash" if a .plot analysis
isn't done along with the .four analysis, even if all .tran parameters are technically correct. Finally,
the .four analysis option only works when the frequency of the AC source is specified in that
source's card line, and not in an .ac analysis option line.
It helps to include a computation interval variable in the .tran card for better analysis precision. A
Fourier analysis of the voltage or current specified is performed up to the 9th harmonic, with the
[freq] specification being the fundamental, or starting frequency of the analysis spectrum.
.
32

EXPERIMENT NO:-8
OBJECT- Write a PSPICE Program for DC-analysis of resistor networks to
determine node voltages, components voltages, and component currents.
Fig.8.1
PSPICE PROGRAM-
* DC ANALYSIS
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION***********************************************
VS 1 0 DC 2OV
IS 0 4 DC 50MA
R1 1 2 200OHM
R2 2 5 800OHM
R3 4 0 2000OHM
VX 3 0 DC 0V
VY 5 4 DC 0V
.OP
.END
33

******************************************************************************
NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 2.0000 ( 2) 8.5333 ( 3) 0.0000 ( 4) 34.6670
( 5) 34.6670
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT
VS 3.267E-02
VX 0.000E+00
VY -3.267E-02
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION -6.53E-02 WATTS
RESULT- Hence we made a PSPICE program to Compute DC Analysis of network..
EXPERIMENT NO:- 9
OBJECT- Write a PSPICE Program for AC-analysis of resistor networks
that have several voltage sources.
Fig.9.1
PSPICE PROGRAM-
*AC ANALYISIS
** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION*********************************************
VAN 1 0 AC 120V 0 SIN(0 169.7V 50HZ)
VBN 2 0 AC 120V 120 SIN(0 169.7V 50HZ 0 0 120DEG)
VCN 3 0 AC 120V 240 SIN(0 169.7V 50HZ 0 0 240DEG)
RA 1 4 0.5
RX 4 7 1
R1 7 10 5
C 10 12 150UF
RB 2 5 0.5
RY 5 8 1
R2 8 11 10
L1 11 12 120MH
RC 3 6 0.5
RZ 6 9 1
R3 9 12 10
VX 0 12 DC 0V
34

.TRAN 5US 50US
.AC LIN 1 50HZ 100HZ
PRINT AC IM(RA) IP(RA) VM(7,12) VP(7,12)
.PRINT AC IM(RB) IP(RB) VM(8,12) VP(8,12)
.PRINT AC IM(RC) IP(RC) VM(9,12) VP(9,12)
.PRINT AC IM(VX) IP(VX)
.PROBE
.END
******************************************************************************
NAME CURRENT
VAN 0.000E+00
VBN -1.278E+01
VCN 1.278E+01
VX -5.329E-15
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 3.76E+03 WATT
Time I(L1)
0 12.779522895813
1e-008 12.779522895813
1.08399598300457e-008 12.779522895813
1.25198794901371e-008 12.779522895813
1.58797188103199e-008 12.779522895813
2.25993974506855e-008 12.779522895813
3.60387547314167e-008 12.779522895813
6.29174692928791e-008 12.779522895813
1.16674898415804e-007 12.779522895813
2.24189756661654e-007 12.779522895813
4.39219473153353e-007 12.779522895813
8.69278906136751e-007 12.779522895813
1.72939777210355e-006 12.7795219421387
2.72942066028714e-006 12.7795219421387
3.72944354847074e-006 12.7795209884644
4.72946643665433e-006 12.77952003479
5.72948932483792e-006 12.7795190811157
6.72951221302152e-006 12.7795181274414
7.72953510120511e-006 12.7795162200928
8.72955798938871e-006 12.7795143127441
9.7295808775723e-006 12.7795124053955
1.07296037657559e-005 12.7795095443726
1.17296266539395e-005 12.7795076370239
1.27296495421231e-005 12.779504776001
1.37296724303067e-005 12.779501914978
1.47296953184903e-005 12.7794981002808
1.57297182066739e-005 12.7794952392578
1.67297410948575e-005 12.7794914245605
1.77297639830411e-005 12.7794876098633
1.87297868712246e-005 12.779483795166
1.97298097594082e-005 12.7794790267944
2.07298326475918e-005 12.7794752120972
2.17298555357754e-005 12.7794704437256
2.2729878423959e-005 12.7794647216797
2.37299013121426e-005 12.7794599533081
2.47299242003262e-005 12.7794542312622
35

2.57299470885098e-005 12.7794485092163
2.67299699766934e-005 12.7794427871704
2.7729992864877e-005 12.7794370651245
2.87300157530606e-005 12.7794303894043
2.97300386412442e-005 12.7794237136841
3.07300615294278e-005 12.7794170379639
3.17300844176114e-005 12.7794103622437
3.2730107305795e-005 12.7794027328491
3.37301301939786e-005 12.7793960571289
3.47301530821621e-005 12.7793884277344
3.57301759703457e-005 12.7793798446655
3.67301988585293e-005 12.779372215271
3.77302217467129e-005 12.7793636322021
3.87302446348965e-005 12.7793550491333
3.97302675230801e-005 12.7793464660645
4.07302904112637e-005 12.7793369293213
4.17303132994473e-005 12.7793283462524
4.27303361876309e-005 12.7793188095093
4.37303590758145e-005 12.7793092727661
4.47303819639981e-005 12.7792987823486
4.57304048521817e-005 12.7792892456055
4.67304277403653e-005 12.779278755188
4.77304506285489e-005 12.7792682647705
4.87304735167325e-005 12.7792568206787
4.97304964049161e-005 12.7792463302612
5.00000000001e-005 12.779242515564
RESULT- Hence we made a PSPICE program to Compute AC Analysis of network..
36
Ti me
0s 5us 10us 15us 20us 25us 30us 35us 40us 45us 50us
I ( L1)
12. 7792A
12. 7793A
12. 7794A
12. 7795A
12. 7796A

EXPERIMENT NO:-10(A)
OBJECT- Write a PSPICE Program for Transient –analyze of RL circuits to
produce tables of component voltage & current levels for a given set of time
instants & to produce graphs of voltages & currents versus time.
PSPICE PROGRAM-
*RL ANALYSIS*
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION *****************************************************
VIN 1 0 SIN(0 10V 5KHZ)
R 1 2 2
L 2 0 50UH
.TRAN 1US 400US
.PLOT TRAN V(1) I(R)
.PROBE
.END
( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 0.0000
NAME CURRENT
VIN 0.000E+00
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 0.00E+00 WATTS
(A)I(Vin) v/s time
Time I(VIN)
0 0
8e-008 -4.00840763177257e-005
8.67345798015595e-008 -4.37424278061371e-005
1.00203739404678e-007 -5.16269465151709e-005
1.27142058610916e-007 -7.0801041147206e-005
1.81018697023392e-007 -0.000122751080198213
2.88771973848343e-007 -0.000280911568552256
5.04278527498245e-007 -0.000813101243693382
9.3529163479805e-007 -0.00273160939104855
1.79731784939766e-006 -0.00991096999496222
3.52137027859688e-006 -0.0370549373328686
6.96947513699532e-006 -0.137949258089066
1.38656848537922e-005 -0.491864144802094
2.18658679592609e-005 -1.08455395698547
2.98660510647297e-005 -1.77897202968597
37

3.78662341701984e-005 -2.48461961746216
4.58664172756672e-005 -3.12322068214417
5.38666003811359e-005 -3.63007426261902
6.18667834866047e-005 -3.95553612709045
6.98669665920735e-005 -4.06626987457275
7.78671496975422e-005 -3.9459867477417
8.5867332803011e-005 -3.59548759460449
9.38675159084797e-005 -3.03190398216248
0.000101867699013948 -2.28710627555847
0.000109867882119417 -1.40532946586609
0.000117868065224886 -0.440123319625854
0.000125868248330355 0.549207150936127
0.000133868431435823 1.50147008895874
0.000141868614541292 2.35753417015076
0.000149868797646761 3.06411790847778
0.00015786898075223 3.57719206809998
0.000165869163857698 3.86478471755981
0.000173869346963167 3.90901875495911
0.000181869530068636 3.70725464820862
0.000189869713174105 3.27227234840393
0.000197869896279573 2.63147878646851
0.000205870079385042 1.82519197463989
0.000213870262490511 0.904115080833435
0.00022187044559598 -0.0738466680049896
0.000229870628701449 -1.04722130298615
0.000237870811806917 -1.95483064651489
0.000245870994912386 -2.73963308334351
0.000253871178017855 -3.35230660438538
0.000261871361123324 -3.75434756278992
0.000269871544228792 -3.9204888343811
0.000277871727334261 -3.84028768539429
0.00028587191043973 -3.51878190040588
0.000293872093545199 -2.97617197036743
0.000301872276650667 -2.24655246734619
0.000309872459756136 -1.37576961517334
0.000317872642861605 -0.418539702892303
0.000325872825967074 0.564988732337952
0.000333873009072542 1.51301443576813
0.000341873192178011 2.365966796875
0.00034987337528348 3.0702497959137
0.000357873558388949 3.58160853385925
0.000365873741494417 3.86791110038757
0.000373873924599886 3.91116762161255
0.000381874107705355 3.70865941047668
0.000389874290810824 3.27311205863953
0.000397874473916292 2.63189363479614
0.0004000000000008 2.43085622787476
38

Ti me
I ( VI N)
- 6. 0A
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
I ( VI N)
(B) I(R) v/s time
Time I(R)
0 0
8e-008 4.00840763177257e-005
8.67345798015595e-008 4.37424278061371e-005
1.00203739404678e-007 5.16269465151709e-005
1.27142058610916e-007 7.0801041147206e-005
1.81018697023392e-007 0.000122751080198213
2.88771973848343e-007 0.000280911568552256
5.04278527498245e-007 0.000813101243693382
9.3529163479805e-007 0.00273160939104855
1.79731784939766e-006 0.00991096999496222
3.52137027859688e-006 0.0370549373328686
6.96947513699532e-006 0.137949258089066
1.38656848537922e-005 0.491864144802094
2.18658679592609e-005 1.08455395698547
2.98660510647297e-005 1.77897202968597
3.78662341701984e-005 2.48461961746216
4.58664172756672e-005 3.12322068214417
5.38666003811359e-005 3.63007426261902
6.18667834866047e-005 3.95553612709045
6.98669665920735e-005 4.06626987457275
7.78671496975422e-005 3.9459867477417
8.5867332803011e-005 3.59548759460449
9.38675159084797e-005 3.03190398216248
0.000101867699013948 2.28710627555847
0.000109867882119417 1.40532946586609
0.000117868065224886 0.440123319625854
0.000125868248330355 -0.549207150936127
0.000133868431435823 -1.50147008895874
0.000141868614541292 -2.35753417015076
0.000149868797646761 -3.06411790847778
0.00015786898075223 -3.57719206809998
0.000165869163857698 -3.86478471755981
0.000173869346963167 -3.90901875495911
0.000181869530068636 -3.70725464820862
0.000189869713174105 -3.27227234840393
0.000197869896279573 -2.63147878646851
0.000205870079385042 -1.82519197463989
0.000213870262490511 -0.904115080833435
0.00022187044559598 0.0738466680049896
0.000229870628701449 1.04722130298615
39

0.000237870811806917 1.95483064651489
0.000245870994912386 2.73963308334351
0.000253871178017855 3.35230660438538
0.000261871361123324 3.75434756278992
0.000269871544228792 3.9204888343811
0.000277871727334261 3.84028768539429
0.00028587191043973 3.51878190040588
0.000293872093545199 2.97617197036743
0.000301872276650667 2.24655246734619
0.000309872459756136 1.37576961517334
0.000317872642861605 0.418539702892303
0.000325872825967074 -0.564988732337952
0.000333873009072542 -1.51301443576813
0.000341873192178011 -2.365966796875
0.00034987337528348 -3.0702497959137
0.000357873558388949 -3.58160853385925
0.000365873741494417 -3.86791110038757
0.000373873924599886 -3.91116762161255
0.000381874107705355 -3.70865941047668
0.000389874290810824 -3.27311205863953
0.000397874473916292 -2.63189363479614
0.8 -2.43085622787476
Ti me
I ( R)
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
6. 0A
I ( R)
(C)I(L) v/s time
Time I(L)
0 0
8e-008 4.00840763177257e-005
8.67345798015595e-008 4.37424278061371e-005
1.00203739404678e-007 5.16269465151709e-005
1.27142058610916e-007 7.0801041147206e-005
1.81018697023392e-007 0.000122751080198213
2.88771973848343e-007 0.000280911568552256
5.04278527498245e-007 0.000813101243693382
9.3529163479805e-007 0.00273160939104855
1.79731784939766e-006 0.00991096999496222
3.52137027859688e-006 0.0370549373328686
6.96947513699532e-006 0.137949258089066
1.38656848537922e-005 0.491864144802094
2.18658679592609e-005 1.08455395698547
40

2.98660510647297e-005 1.77897202968597
3.78662341701984e-005 2.48461961746216
4.58664172756672e-005 3.12322068214417
5.38666003811359e-005 3.63007426261902
6.18667834866047e-005 3.95553612709045
6.98669665920735e-005 4.06626987457275
7.78671496975422e-005 3.9459867477417
8.5867332803011e-005 3.59548759460449
9.38675159084797e-005 3.03190398216248
0.000101867699013948 2.28710627555847
0.000109867882119417 1.40532946586609
0.000117868065224886 0.440123319625854
0.000125868248330355 -0.549207150936127
0.000133868431435823 -1.50147008895874
0.000141868614541292 -2.35753417015076
0.000149868797646761 -3.06411790847778
0.00015786898075223 -3.57719206809998
0.000165869163857698 -3.86478471755981
0.000173869346963167 -3.90901875495911
0.000181869530068636 -3.70725464820862
0.000189869713174105 -3.27227234840393
0.000197869896279573 -2.63147878646851
0.000205870079385042 -1.82519197463989
0.000213870262490511 -0.904115080833435
0.00022187044559598 0.0738466680049896
0.000229870628701449 1.04722130298615
0.000237870811806917 1.95483064651489
0.000245870994912386 2.73963308334351
0.000253871178017855 3.35230660438538
0.000261871361123324 3.75434756278992
0.000269871544228792 3.9204888343811
0.000277871727334261 3.84028768539429
0.00028587191043973 3.51878190040588
0.000293872093545199 2.97617197036743
0.000301872276650667 2.24655246734619
0.000309872459756136 1.37576961517334
0.000317872642861605 0.418539702892303
0.000325872825967074 -0.564988732337952
0.000333873009072542 -1.51301443576813
0.000341873192178011 -2.365966796875
0.00034987337528348 -3.0702497959137
0.000357873558388949 -3.58160853385925
0.000365873741494417 -3.86791110038757
0.000373873924599886 -3.91116762161255
0.000381874107705355 -3.70865941047668
0.000389874290810824 -3.27311205863953
0.000397874473916292 -2.63189363479614
0.0004000000000008 -2.43085622787476
41

Ti me
Ti me I ( L)
- 4. 0
- 2. 0
0
2. 0
4. 0
6. 0
(
D) V1(Vin) v/s time
Time V1(VIN)
0 0
8e-008 0.0251327138394117
8.67345798015595e-008 0.0272484384477139
1.00203739404678e-007 0.0314798802137375
1.27142058610916e-007 0.0399427488446236
1.81018697023392e-007 0.0568683929741383
2.88771973848343e-007 0.090719148516655
5.04278527498245e-007 0.158417150378227
9.3529163479805e-007 0.293788254261017
1.79731784939766e-006 0.564344048500061
3.52137027859688e-006 1.10401594638824
6.96947513699532e-006 2.17207264900208
1.38656848537922e-005 4.21957492828369
2.18658679592609e-005 6.34171485900879
2.98660510647297e-005 8.06536388397217
3.78662341701984e-005 9.28221321105957
4.58664172756672e-005 9.91580009460449
5.38666003811359e-005 9.92631244659424
6.18667834866047e-005 9.31308937072754
6.98669665920735e-005 8.11466503143311
7.78671496975422e-005 6.40634250640869
8.5867332803011e-005 4.29546785354614
9.38675159084797e-005 1.91468071937561
0.000101867699013948 -0.586418330669403
0.000109867882119417 -3.05066871643066
0.000117868065224886 -5.32322597503662
0.000125868248330355 -7.26128959655762
0.000133868431435823 -8.74307918548584
0.000141868614541292 -9.6754846572876
0.000149868797646761 -9.99991512298584
0.00015786898075223 -9.69598579406738
0.000165869163857698 -8.78279399871826
0.000173869346963167 -7.3177227973938
42

0.000181869530068636 -5.39283037185669
0.000189869713174105 -3.12907147407532
0.000197869896279573 -0.668692469596863
0.000205870079385042 1.833704829216
0.000213870262490511 4.22087860107422
0.00022187044559598 6.34282684326172
0.000229870628701449 8.06621360778809
0.000237870811806917 9.28274726867676
0.000245870994912386 9.91598606109619
0.000253871178017855 9.92613792419434
0.000261871361123324 9.31256580352783
0.000269871544228792 8.11382484436035
0.000277871727334261 6.40523815155029
0.00028587191043973 4.2941689491272
0.000293872093545199 1.91326916217804
0.000301872276650667 -0.587853968143463
0.000309872459756136 -3.0520384311676
0.000317872642861605 -5.32444334030151
0.000325872825967074 -7.26227855682373
0.000333873009072542 -8.74377727508545
0.000341873192178011 -9.67584705352783
0.00034987337528348 -9.99992084503174
0.000357873558388949 -9.69563388824463
0.000365873741494417 -8.78210639953613
0.000373873924599886 -7.31674242019653
0.000381874107705355 -5.39161920547485
0.000389874290810824 -3.12770557403564
0.000397874473916292 -0.66725754737854
0.8 2.51314080657039e-010
Ti me
V1( VI N)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
43

(E) V1(R) v/s time
Time V1(R)
0 0
8e-008 0.0251327138394117
8.67345798015595e-008 0.0272484384477139
1.00203739404678e-007 0.0314798802137375
1.27142058610916e-007 0.0399427488446236
1.81018697023392e-007 0.0568683929741383
2.88771973848343e-007 0.090719148516655
5.04278527498245e-007 0.158417150378227
9.3529163479805e-007 0.293788254261017
1.79731784939766e-006 0.564344048500061
3.52137027859688e-006 1.10401594638824
6.96947513699532e-006 2.17207264900208
1.38656848537922e-005 4.21957492828369
2.18658679592609e-005 6.34171485900879
2.98660510647297e-005 8.06536388397217
3.78662341701984e-005 9.28221321105957
4.58664172756672e-005 9.91580009460449
5.38666003811359e-005 9.92631244659424
6.18667834866047e-005 9.31308937072754
6.98669665920735e-005 8.11466503143311
7.78671496975422e-005 6.40634250640869
8.5867332803011e-005 4.29546785354614
9.38675159084797e-005 1.91468071937561
0.000101867699013948 -0.586418330669403
0.000109867882119417 -3.05066871643066
0.000117868065224886 -5.32322597503662
0.000125868248330355 -7.26128959655762
0.000133868431435823 -8.74307918548584
0.000141868614541292 -9.6754846572876
0.000149868797646761 -9.99991512298584
0.00015786898075223 -9.69598579406738
0.000165869163857698 -8.78279399871826
0.000173869346963167 -7.3177227973938
0.000181869530068636 -5.39283037185669
0.000189869713174105 -3.12907147407532
0.000197869896279573 -0.668692469596863
0.000205870079385042 1.833704829216
0.000213870262490511 4.22087860107422
0.00022187044559598 6.34282684326172
0.000229870628701449 8.06621360778809
0.000237870811806917 9.28274726867676
0.000245870994912386 9.91598606109619
0.000253871178017855 9.92613792419434
0.000261871361123324 9.31256580352783
0.000269871544228792 8.11382484436035
0.000277871727334261 6.40523815155029
0.00028587191043973 4.2941689491272
0.000293872093545199 1.91326916217804
0.000301872276650667 -0.587853968143463
0.000309872459756136 -3.0520384311676
44

0.000317872642861605 -5.32444334030151
0.000325872825967074 -7.26227855682373
0.000333873009072542 -8.74377727508545
0.000341873192178011 -9.67584705352783
0.00034987337528348 -9.99992084503174
0.000357873558388949 -9.69563388824463
0.000365873741494417 -8.78210639953613
0.000373873924599886 -7.31674242019653
0.000381874107705355 -5.39161920547485
0.000389874290810824 -3.12770557403564
0.000397874473916292 -0.66725754737854
0.8 2.51314080657039e-010
Ti me
V1( R)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
(F) V1(L) v/s time
Time V1(L)
0 0
8e-008 0.025052547454834
8.67345798015595e-008 0.0271609537303448
1.00203739404678e-007 0.031376626342535
1.27142058610916e-007 0.0398011468350887
1.81018697023392e-007 0.0566228926181793
2.88771973848343e-007 0.0901573225855827
5.04278527498245e-007 0.156790941953659
9.3529163479805e-007 0.288325041532516
1.79731784939766e-006 0.544522106647491
3.52137027859688e-006 1.02990615367889
6.96947513699532e-006 1.89617419242859
1.38656848537922e-005 3.23584651947021
2.18658679592609e-005 4.17260694503784
2.98660510647297e-005 4.50741958618164
3.78662341701984e-005 4.3129734992981
4.58664172756672e-005 3.669358253479
5.38666003811359e-005 2.66616415977478
6.18667834866047e-005 1.40201759338379
6.98669665920735e-005 -0.0178752224892378
45

7.78671496975422e-005 -1.485631108284
8.5867332803011e-005 -2.89550757408142
9.38675159084797e-005 -4.14912748336792
0.000101867699013948 -5.16063070297241
0.000109867882119417 -5.86132764816284
0.000117868065224886 -6.20347261428833
0.000125868248330355 -6.16287565231323
0.000133868431435823 -5.74013900756836
0.000141868614541292 -4.96041584014893
0.000149868797646761 -3.87167930603027
0.00015786898075223 -2.54160165786743
0.000165869163857698 -1.05322480201721
0.000173869346963167 0.500314652919769
0.000181869530068636 2.02167868614197
0.000189869713174105 3.41547346115112
0.000197869896279573 4.59426498413086
0.000205870079385042 5.48408889770508
0.000213870262490511 6.02910852432251
0.00022187044559598 6.19513320922852
0.000229870628701449 5.97177124023438
0.000237870811806917 5.37308645248413
0.000245870994912386 4.43671989440918
0.000253871178017855 3.22152471542358
0.000261871361123324 1.80387079715729
0.000269871544228792 0.272846877574921
0.000277871727334261 -1.27533721923828
0.00028587191043973 -2.74339461326599
0.000293872093545199 -4.03907442092896
0.000301872276650667 -5.0809588432312
0.000309872459756136 -5.8035774230957
0.000317872642861605 -6.16152286529541
0.000325872825967074 -6.13230133056641
0.000333873009072542 -5.71774864196777
0.000341873192178011 -4.94391393661499
0.00034987337528348 -3.85942125320435
0.000357873558388949 -2.53241682052612
0.000365873741494417 -1.04628431797028
0.000373873924599886 0.50559264421463
0.000381874107705355 2.02569961547852
0.000389874290810824 3.41851854324341
0.000397874473916292 4.59652948379517
0.0004000000000008 4.86171245574951
46

Ti me
V1( R)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
Comperision Graphs
(1) V1(Vin),V1(R),V1(L) v/s time
Ti me
V1( VI N) V1( R) V1( L)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
(2) I(Vin),I(R),I(L) v/s time
Ti me
I ( VI N) I ( R) I ( L)
- 6. 0A
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
6. 0A
RESULT- Hence we made a PSPICE program to Compute Transient Analysis of RL network..
EXPERIMENT NO:- 10(B)
47

OBJECT- Write a PSPICE Program for Transient –analyze of RC circuits to
produce tables of component voltage & current levels for a given set of time
instants & to produce graphs of voltages & currents versus time.
PSPICE PROGRAM-
*RC ANALISIS*
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION**************************************************
R 1 2 2
C 2 0 10UF
.TRAN 1US 400US
.PROBE
.END
( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 0.0000
NAME CURRENT
VIN 0.000E+00
(A) I(Vin) v/s time
Time I(VIN)
0 0
8e-008 -0.0125162918120623
8.67383050918579e-008 -0.0135701671242714
1.00214915275574e-007 -0.0156772043555975
1.27168135643005e-007 -0.0198870152235031
1.81074576377869e-007 -0.0282895937561989
2.88887457847595e-007 -0.0450267195701599
5.04513220787048e-007 -0.078230008482933
9.35764746665955e-007 -0.143561780452728
1.79826779842377e-006 -0.269997000694275
3.52327390193939e-006 -0.50649482011795
6.97328610897064e-006 -0.91795140504837
1.38733105230331e-005 -1.52141225337982
2.18734936285019e-005 -1.89835369586945
2.98736767339706e-005 -1.98355960845947
3.78738598394394e-005 -1.82916021347046
4.58740429449081e-005 -1.48318004608154
5.38742260503769e-005 -0.992907226085663
6.18744091558456e-005 -0.406180799007416
6.98745922613144e-005 0.228776946663857
7.78747753667832e-005 0.864497900009155
8.58749584722519e-005 1.45598912239075
9.38751415777207e-005 1.96271932125092
0.000101875324683189 2.35060429573059
0.000109875507788658 2.59377598762512
0.000117875690894127 2.6759569644928
0.000125875873999596 2.59131908416748
0.000133876057105064 2.34473776817322
0.000141876240210533 1.95141184329987
0.000149876423316002 1.43585968017578
48

0.000157876606421471 0.830345630645752
0.000165876789526939 0.172830477356911
0.000173876972632408 -0.495428055524826
0.000181877155737877 -1.13247787952423
0.000189877338843346 -1.69831478595734
0.000197877521948814 -2.15740084648132
0.000205877705054283 -2.48090052604675
0.000213877888159752 -2.64849328994751
0.000221878071265221 -2.64965391159058
0.000229878254370689 -2.48431253433228
0.000237878437476158 -2.16286110877991
0.000245878620581627 -1.70549976825714
0.000253878803687096 -1.14096879959106
0.000261878986792564 -0.504741907119751
0.000269879169898033 0.163202062249184
0.000277879353003502 0.820891618728638
0.000285879536108971 1.42699956893921
0.000293879719214439 1.94344007968903
0.000301879902319908 2.33776164054871
0.000309880085425377 2.58518648147583
0.000317880268530846 2.67016744613647
0.000325880451636314 2.58736419677734
0.000333880634741783 2.34197998046875
0.000341880817847252 1.94943392276764
0.000349881000952721 1.43439209461212
0.000357881184058189 0.829218149185181
0.000365881367163658 0.171938970685005
0.000373881550269127 -0.496144235134125
0.000381881733374596 -1.13305151462555
0.000389881916480064 -1.69876170158386
0.000397882099585533 -2.15772747993469
0.0004000000000008 -2.25644183158875
Ti me
I ( VI N)
- 3. 0A
- 2. 0A
- 1. 0A
- 0. 0A
1. 0A
2. 0A
3. 0A
I ( VI N)
(B) I(R) v/s time
49

Time I(R)
0 0
8e-008 0.0125162918120623
8.67383050918579e-008 0.0135701671242714
1.00214915275574e-007 0.0156772043555975
1.27168135643005e-007 0.0198870152235031
1.81074576377869e-007 0.0282895937561989
2.88887457847595e-007 0.0450267195701599
5.04513220787048e-007 0.078230008482933
9.35764746665955e-007 0.143561780452728
1.79826779842377e-006 0.269997000694275
3.52327390193939e-006 0.50649482011795
6.97328610897064e-006 0.91795140504837
1.38733105230331e-005 1.52141225337982
2.18734936285019e-005 1.89835369586945
2.98736767339706e-005 1.98355960845947
3.78738598394394e-005 1.82916021347046
4.58740429449081e-005 1.48318004608154
5.38742260503769e-005 0.992907226085663
6.18744091558456e-005 0.406180799007416
6.98745922613144e-005 -0.228776946663857
7.78747753667832e-005 -0.864497900009155
8.58749584722519e-005 -1.45598912239075
9.38751415777207e-005 -1.96271932125092
0.000101875324683189 -2.35060429573059
0.000109875507788658 -2.59377598762512
0.000117875690894127 -2.6759569644928
0.000125875873999596 -2.59131908416748
0.000133876057105064 -2.34473776817322
0.000141876240210533 -1.95141184329987
0.000149876423316002 -1.43585968017578
0.000157876606421471 -0.830345630645752
0.000165876789526939 -0.172830477356911
0.000173876972632408 0.495428055524826
0.000181877155737877 1.13247787952423
0.000189877338843346 1.69831478595734
0.000197877521948814 2.15740084648132
0.000205877705054283 2.48090052604675
0.000213877888159752 2.64849328994751
0.000221878071265221 2.64965391159058
0.000229878254370689 2.48431253433228
0.000237878437476158 2.16286110877991
0.000245878620581627 1.70549976825714
0.000253878803687096 1.14096879959106
0.000261878986792564 0.504741907119751
0.000269879169898033 -0.163202062249184
0.000277879353003502 -0.820891618728638
0.000285879536108971 -1.42699956893921
0.000293879719214439 -1.94344007968903
0.000301879902319908 -2.33776164054871
0.000309880085425377 -2.58518648147583
0.000317880268530846 -2.67016744613647
0.000325880451636314 -2.58736419677734
0.000333880634741783 -2.34197998046875
0.000341880817847252 -1.94943392276764
0.000349881000952721 -1.43439209461212
0.000357881184058189 -0.829218149185181
0.000365881367163658 -0.171938970685005
0.000373881550269127 0.496144235134125
0.000381881733374596 1.13305151462555
0.000389881916480064 1.69876170158386
0.000397882099585533 2.15772747993469
0.0004000000000008 2.25644183158875
50

Ti me
I ( R)
- 3. 0A
- 2. 0A
- 1. 0A
- 0. 0A
1. 0A
2. 0A
3. 0A
I ( R)
(C) I(C) v/s time
Time I(C)
0 0
8e-008 0.0125162918120623
8.67383050918579e-008 0.0135701671242714
1.00214915275574e-007 0.0156772043555975
1.27168135643005e-007 0.0198870152235031
1.81074576377869e-007 0.0282895937561989
2.88887457847595e-007 0.0450267195701599
5.04513220787048e-007 0.078230008482933
9.35764746665955e-007 0.143561780452728
1.79826779842377e-006 0.269997000694275
3.52327390193939e-006 0.50649482011795
6.97328610897064e-006 0.91795140504837
1.38733105230331e-005 1.52141225337982
2.18734936285019e-005 1.89835369586945
2.98736767339706e-005 1.98355960845947
3.78738598394394e-005 1.82916021347046
4.58740429449081e-005 1.48318004608154
5.38742260503769e-005 0.992907226085663
6.18744091558456e-005 0.406180799007416
6.98745922613144e-005 -0.228776946663857
7.78747753667832e-005 -0.864497900009155
8.58749584722519e-005 -1.45598912239075
9.38751415777207e-005 -1.96271932125092
0.000101875324683189 -2.35060429573059
0.000109875507788658 -2.59377598762512
0.000117875690894127 -2.6759569644928
0.000125875873999596 -2.59131908416748
0.000133876057105064 -2.34473776817322
0.000141876240210533 -1.95141184329987
0.000149876423316002 -1.43585968017578
0.000157876606421471 -0.830345630645752
0.000165876789526939 -0.172830477356911
0.000173876972632408 0.495428055524826
51

0.000181877155737877 1.13247787952423
0.000189877338843346 1.69831478595734
0.000197877521948814 2.15740084648132
0.000205877705054283 2.48090052604675
0.000213877888159752 2.64849328994751
0.000221878071265221 2.64965391159058
0.000229878254370689 2.48431253433228
0.000237878437476158 2.16286110877991
0.000245878620581627 1.70549976825714
0.000253878803687096 1.14096879959106
0.000261878986792564 0.504741907119751
0.000269879169898033 -0.163202062249184
0.000277879353003502 -0.820891618728638
0.000285879536108971 -1.42699956893921
0.000293879719214439 -1.94344007968903
0.000301879902319908 -2.33776164054871
0.000309880085425377 -2.58518648147583
0.000317880268530846 -2.67016744613647
0.000325880451636314 -2.58736419677734
0.000333880634741783 -2.34197998046875
0.000341880817847252 -1.94943392276764
0.000349881000952721 -1.43439209461212
0.000357881184058189 -0.829218149185181
0.000365881367163658 -0.171938970685005
0.000373881550269127 0.496144235134125
0.000381881733374596 1.13305151462555
0.000389881916480064 1.69876170158386
0.000397882099585533 2.15772747993469
0.0004000000000008 2.25644183158875
Ti me
I ( C)
- 3. 0A
- 2. 0A
- 1. 0A
- 0. 0A
1. 0A
2. 0A
3. 0A
I ( C)
(D) V1(Vin) v/s time
Time V1(VIN)
0 0
8e-008 0.0251327138394117
52

8.67383050918579e-008 0.0272496081888676
1.00214915275574e-007 0.0314833931624889
1.27168135643005e-007 0.0399509407579899
1.81074576377869e-007 0.0568859502673149
2.88887457847595e-007 0.0907554253935814
5.04513220787048e-007 0.158490866422653
9.35764746665955e-007 0.29393681883812
1.79826779842377e-006 0.564642012119293
3.52327390193939e-006 1.10461032390594
6.97328610897064e-006 2.17324137687683
1.38733105230331e-005 4.22174644470215
2.18734936285019e-005 6.34356689453125
2.98736767339706e-005 8.06678009033203
3.78738598394394e-005 9.28310394287109
4.58740429449081e-005 9.91611003875732
5.38742260503769e-005 9.92602157592773
6.18744091558456e-005 9.31221675872803
6.98745922613144e-005 8.11326503753662
7.78747753667832e-005 6.40450286865234
8.58749584722519e-005 4.29330444335938
9.38751415777207e-005 1.91232931613922
0.000101875324683189 -0.588809847831726
0.000109875507788658 -3.05295014381409
0.000117875690894127 -5.32525396347046
0.000125875873999596 -7.26293659210205
0.000133876057105064 -8.74424171447754
0.000141876240210533 -9.6760892868042
0.000149876423316002 -9.999924659729
0.000157876606421471 -9.69539928436279
0.000165876789526939 -8.78164863586426
0.000173876972632408 -7.31608963012695
0.000181877155737877 -5.39081287384033
0.000189877338843346 -3.12679600715637
0.000197877521948814 -0.666302144527435
0.000205877705054283 1.83605980873108
0.000213877888159752 4.22305011749268
0.000221878071265221 6.34467887878418
0.000229878254370689 8.06762981414795
0.000237878437476158 9.28363800048828
0.000245878620581627 9.91629600524902
0.000253878803687096 9.92584705352783
0.000261878986792564 9.31169319152832
0.000269879169898033 8.11242389678955
0.000277879353003502 6.40339851379395
0.000285879536108971 4.29200553894043
0.000293879719214439 1.91091763973236
0.000301879902319908 -0.590245485305786
0.000309880085425377 -3.05431962013245
0.000317880268530846 -5.32647085189819
0.000325880451636314 -7.26392507553101
0.000333880634741783 -8.74493980407715
0.000341880817847252 -9.67645263671875
53

0.000349881000952721 -9.9999303817749
0.000357881184058189 -9.69504737854004
0.000365881367163658 -8.78096103668213
0.000373881550269127 -7.31510925292969
0.000381881733374596 -5.3896017074585
0.000389881916480064 -3.12542986869812
0.000397882099585533 -0.664867222309113
0.0004000000000008 2.51314080657039e-010
Ti me
V1( VI N)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
V1( VI N)
(E) V1(R) v/s time
Time V1(R)
0 0
8e-008 0.0251327138394117
8.67383050918579e-008 0.0272496081888676
1.00214915275574e-007 0.0314833931624889
1.27168135643005e-007 0.0399509407579899
1.81074576377869e-007 0.0568859502673149
2.88887457847595e-007 0.0907554253935814
5.04513220787048e-007 0.158490866422653
9.35764746665955e-007 0.29393681883812
1.79826779842377e-006 0.564642012119293
3.52327390193939e-006 1.10461032390594
6.97328610897064e-006 2.17324137687683
1.38733105230331e-005 4.22174644470215
2.18734936285019e-005 6.34356689453125
2.98736767339706e-005 8.06678009033203
3.78738598394394e-005 9.28310394287109
4.58740429449081e-005 9.91611003875732
5.38742260503769e-005 9.92602157592773
6.18744091558456e-005 9.31221675872803
6.98745922613144e-005 8.11326503753662
7.78747753667832e-005 6.40450286865234
8.58749584722519e-005 4.29330444335938
9.38751415777207e-005 1.91232931613922
54

0.000101875324683189 -0.588809847831726
0.000109875507788658 -3.05295014381409
0.000117875690894127 -5.32525396347046
0.000125875873999596 -7.26293659210205
0.000133876057105064 -8.74424171447754
0.000141876240210533 -9.6760892868042
0.000149876423316002 -9.999924659729
0.000157876606421471 -9.69539928436279
0.000165876789526939 -8.78164863586426
0.000173876972632408 -7.31608963012695
0.000181877155737877 -5.39081287384033
0.000189877338843346 -3.12679600715637
0.000197877521948814 -0.666302144527435
0.000205877705054283 1.83605980873108
0.000213877888159752 4.22305011749268
0.000221878071265221 6.34467887878418
0.000229878254370689 8.06762981414795
0.000237878437476158 9.28363800048828
0.000245878620581627 9.91629600524902
0.000253878803687096 9.92584705352783
0.000261878986792564 9.31169319152832
0.000269879169898033 8.11242389678955
0.000277879353003502 6.40339851379395
0.000285879536108971 4.29200553894043
0.000293879719214439 1.91091763973236
0.000301879902319908 -0.590245485305786
0.000309880085425377 -3.05431962013245
0.000317880268530846 -5.32647085189819
0.000325880451636314 -7.26392507553101
0.000333880634741783 -8.74493980407715
0.000341880817847252 -9.67645263671875
0.000349881000952721 -9.9999303817749
0.000357881184058189 -9.69504737854004
0.000365881367163658 -8.78096103668213
0.000373881550269127 -7.31510925292969
0.000381881733374596 -5.3896017074585
0.000389881916480064 -3.12542986869812
0.000397882099585533 -0.664867222309113
0.0004000000000008 2.51314080657039e-010
55

Ti me
V1( R)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
56

(F) V1(C) v/s time
Time V1(C)
0 0
8e-008 0.000100130338978488
8.67383050918579e-008 0.000109274333226494
1.00214915275574e-007 0.000128982108435594
1.27168135643005e-007 0.000176910616573878
1.81074576377869e-007 0.000306762085529044
2.88887457847595e-007 0.000701984274201095
5.04513220787048e-007 0.00203085062094033
9.35764746665955e-007 0.0068132528103888
1.79826779842377e-006 0.0246480386704206
3.52327390193939e-006 0.0916206985712051
6.97328610897064e-006 0.337338536977768
1.38733105230331e-005 1.1789219379425
2.18734936285019e-005 2.54685974121094
2.98736767339706e-005 4.09966039657593
3.78738598394394e-005 5.62478351593018
4.58740429449081e-005 6.94974994659424
5.38742260503769e-005 7.94020748138428
6.18744091558456e-005 8.49985504150391
6.98745922613144e-005 8.57081890106201
7.78747753667832e-005 8.1334981918335
8.58749584722519e-005 7.20528268814087
9.38751415777207e-005 5.83776807785034
0.000101875324683189 4.11239910125732
0.000109875507788658 2.13460159301758
0.000117875690894127 0.0266601573675871
0.000125875873999596 -2.08029842376709
0.000133876057105064 -4.05476665496826
0.000141876240210533 -5.77326583862305
0.000149876423316002 -7.12820529937744
0.000157876606421471 -8.03470802307129
0.000165876789526939 -8.43598747253418
0.000173876972632408 -8.30694580078125
0.000181877155737877 -7.65576839447021
0.000189877338843346 -6.52342557907104
0.000197877521948814 -4.98110389709473
0.000205877705054283 -3.12574100494385
0.000213877888159752 -1.07393646240234
0.000221878071265221 1.04537093639374
0.000229878254370689 3.09900450706482
0.000237878437476158 4.95791625976563
0.000245878620581627 6.50529623031616
0.000253878803687096 7.6439094543457
0.000261878986792564 8.30220890045166
0.000269879169898033 8.43882846832275
0.000277879353003502 8.04518127441406
0.000285879536108971 7.14600467681885
0.000293879719214439 5.79779767990112
0.000301879902319908 4.08527803421021
0.000309880085425377 2.11605358123779
57

0.000317880268530846 0.0138638243079185
0.000325880451636314 -2.0891969203949
0.000333880634741783 -4.06097984313965
0.000341880817847252 -5.77758455276489
0.000349881000952721 -7.13114595413208
0.000357881184058189 -8.03661060333252
0.000365881367163658 -8.43708229064941
0.000373881550269127 -8.30739784240723
0.000381881733374596 -7.65570449829102
0.000389881916480064 -6.52295351028442
0.000397882099585533 -4.98032236099243
0.0004000000000008 -4.51288366317749
Ti me
V1( C)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
V1( C)
Comperision between Graphs
(1) I(Vin),I(R),I(C) v/s time
Ti me
I ( VI N) I ( R) I ( C)
- 3. 0A
- 2. 0A
- 1. 0A
- 0. 0A
1. 0A
2. 0A
3. 0A
58

(2) V1(Vin),V1(R),V1(C) v/s time
Ti me
V1( VI N) V1( R) V1( C)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
RESULT- Hence we made a PSPICE program to Compute Transient Analysis of RC network..
59

EXPERIMENT # 11
OBJECT: WRITE A PSPICE PROGRAM FOR AC-ANALYZE OF IMPEDANCE
NETWORKS TO DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE & PHASE OF NODE
VOLTAGES, COMPONENTS VOLTAGES AND COMPONENT CURRENTS.
THEORY:
11.1 Simple AC resistor-capacitor circuit
Fig. 11.1 Series RC Circuit
The .ac card specifies the points of ac analysis from 60Hz to 60Hz, at a single point. This card, of
course, is a bit more useful for multi-frequency analysis, where a range of frequencies can be
analyzed in steps. The .print card outputs the AC voltage between nodes 1 and 2, and the AC
voltage between node 2 and ground.
Netlist: Demo of a simple AC circuit
v1 1 0 ac 12 sin
r1 1 2 30
c1 2 0 100u
.ac lin 1 60 60
.print ac v(1,2) v(2)
.end
Output:
freq v(1,2) v(2)
6.000E+01 8.990E+00 7.949E+00
11.2 Multiple-Source AC network
One of the idiosyncrasies of SPICE is its inability to handle any loop in a circuit exclusively
composed of series voltage sources and inductors. Therefore, the "loop" of V1-L1-L2-V2-V1 is
unacceptable. To get around this, I had to insert a low-resistance resistor somewhere in that loop
to break it up. Thus, we have Rbogus between 3 and 4 (with 1 pico-ohm of resistance), and V2
between 4 and 0. The circuit above is the original design, while the circuit below has Rbogus inserted
to avoid the SPICE error.
60

Fig. 11.2 Multiple-Source AC network
Netlist:
Multiple ac source
v1 1 0 ac 55 0 sin
v2 4 0 ac 43 25 sin
l1 1 2 450m
c1 2 0 330u
l2 2 3 150m
rbogus 3 4 1e-12
.ac lin 1 30 30
.print ac v(2)
.end
Output:
freq v(2)
3.000E+01 1.413E+02
RESULT:
Hence we made a PSPICE program to Compute AC Analysis of network..
EXPERIMENT NO:-12
61

OBJECT- Write a PSPICE Program to determine the magnitude & phase of
component voltages and currents in resonant circuits (RLC).
PSPICE PROGRAM-
*RLC ANALYSIS*
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION *************************************************************
R 1 2 2
L 2 3 50UH
C 3 0 10UF
.TRAN 1US 400US
.PROBE
.END
**********************************************************************************
( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 0.0000 ( 3) 0.0000
NAME CURRENT
VIN 0.000E+00
(A) I (Vin) v/s time
Time I(VIN)
0 0
8e-008 -4.00835633627139e-005
8.44837594032288e-008 -4.24560166720767e-005
9.34512782096863e-008 -4.74526568723377e-005
1.11386315822601e-007 -5.89558039791882e-005
1.47256391048431e-007 -8.79960934980772e-005
2.18996541500092e-007 -0.000170168917975388
3.62476842403412e-007 -0.00043053287663497
5.6365443944931e-007 -0.00100999174173921
9.00158421993256e-007 -0.00253313197754323
1.38939334630966e-006 -0.00596629269421101
2.19229175329208e-006 -0.0146528081968427
3.40231372594833e-006 -0.0346330963075161
5.36879016637802e-006 -0.0835836455225945
8.4258885550499e-006 -0.195551574230194
1.34719700980186e-005 -0.454990178346634
2.14721532034874e-005 -0.973369359970093
2.94723363089561e-005 -1.50876677036285
3.74725194144249e-005 -1.93907618522644
4.54727025198936e-005 -2.17364835739136
5.34728856253624e-005 -2.15914535522461
6.14730687308312e-005 -1.88032209873199
6.94732518362999e-005 -1.35669529438019
7.74734349417687e-005 -0.636228680610657
8.54736180472374e-005 0.212805137038231
9.34738011527062e-005 1.11071646213531
0.000101473984258175 1.97513055801392
0.000109474167363644 2.72884726524353
0.000117474350469112 3.30632519721985
0.000125474533574581 3.65848994255066
0.00013347471668005 3.75574278831482
0.000141474899785519 3.58919620513916
0.000149475082890987 3.17026948928833
0.000157475265996456 2.52886724472046
0.000165475449101925 1.71041166782379
0.000173475632207394 0.77202433347702
62

0.000181475815312862 -0.22182734310627
0.000189475998418331 -1.20392143726349
0.0001974761815238 -2.10882163047791
0.000205476364629269 -2.87710785865784
0.000213476547734737 -3.45907211303711
0.000221476730840206 -3.81769299507141
0.000229476913945675 -3.93074774742126
0.000237477097051144 -3.79196953773499
0.000245477280156612 -3.41121101379395
0.000253477463262081 -2.81362414360046
0.00026147764636755 -2.03792238235474
0.000269477829473019 -1.1338404417038
0.000277478012578487 -0.15894877910614
0.000285478195683956 0.82498437166214
0.000293478378789425 1.75586080551147
0.000301478561894894 2.575119972229
0.000309478745000362 3.23137068748474
0.000317478928105831 3.68356990814209
0.0003254791112113 3.90355205535889
0.000333479294316769 3.87775754928589
0.000341479477422237 3.60805249214172
0.000349479660527706 3.11159014701843
0.000357479843633175 2.4197211265564
0.000365480026738644 1.57602107524872
0.000373480209844113 0.633555948734283
0.000381480392949581 -0.348444640636444
0.00038948057605505 -1.30829858779907
0.000397480759160519 -2.18573594093323
0.0004000000000008 -2.43703651428223
Ti me
I ( VI N)
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
63

(B) I(R) v/s time
Time I(R)
0 0
8e-008 4.00835633627139e-005
8.44837594032288e-008 4.24560166720767e-005
9.34512782096863e-008 4.74526568723377e-005
1.11386315822601e-007 5.89558039791882e-005
1.47256391048431e-007 8.79960934980772e-005
2.18996541500092e-007 0.000170168917975388
3.62476842403412e-007 0.00043053287663497
5.6365443944931e-007 0.00100999174173921
9.00158421993256e-007 0.00253313197754323
1.38939334630966e-006 0.00596629269421101
2.19229175329208e-006 0.0146528081968427
3.40231372594833e-006 0.0346330963075161
5.36879016637802e-006 0.0835836455225945
8.4258885550499e-006 0.195551574230194
1.34719700980186e-005 0.454990178346634
2.14721532034874e-005 0.973369359970093
2.94723363089561e-005 1.50876677036285
3.74725194144249e-005 1.93907618522644
4.54727025198936e-005 2.17364835739136
5.34728856253624e-005 2.15914535522461
6.14730687308312e-005 1.88032209873199
6.94732518362999e-005 1.35669529438019
7.74734349417687e-005 0.636228680610657
8.54736180472374e-005 -0.212805137038231
9.34738011527062e-005 -1.11071646213531
0.000101473984258175 -1.97513055801392
0.000109474167363644 -2.72884726524353
0.000117474350469112 -3.30632519721985
0.000125474533574581 -3.65848994255066
0.00013347471668005 -3.75574278831482
0.000141474899785519 -3.58919620513916
0.000149475082890987 -3.17026948928833
0.000157475265996456 -2.52886724472046
0.000165475449101925 -1.71041166782379
0.000173475632207394 -0.77202433347702
0.000181475815312862 0.22182734310627
0.000189475998418331 1.20392143726349
0.0001974761815238 2.10882163047791
0.000205476364629269 2.87710785865784
0.000213476547734737 3.45907211303711
0.000221476730840206 3.81769299507141
0.000229476913945675 3.93074774742126
0.000237477097051144 3.79196953773499
0.000245477280156612 3.41121101379395
0.000253477463262081 2.81362414360046
0.00026147764636755 2.03792238235474
0.000269477829473019 1.1338404417038
0.000277478012578487 0.15894877910614
0.000285478195683956 -0.82498437166214
0.000293478378789425 -1.75586080551147
0.000301478561894894 -2.575119972229
0.000309478745000362 -3.23137068748474
0.000317478928105831 -3.68356990814209
0.0003254791112113 -3.90355205535889
0.000333479294316769 -3.87775754928589
0.000341479477422237 -3.60805249214172
0.000349479660527706 -3.11159014701843
0.000357479843633175 -2.4197211265564
0.000365480026738644 -1.57602107524872
0.000373480209844113 -0.633555948734283
64

0.000381480392949581 0.348444640636444
0.00038948057605505 1.30829858779907
0.000397480759160519 2.18573594093323
0.8 2.43703651428223
Ti me
I ( R)
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
I ( R)
(C) I(L) v/s time
Time I(L)
0 0
8e-008 4.00835633627139e-005
8.44837594032288e-008 4.24560166720767e-005
9.34512782096863e-008 4.74526568723377e-005
1.11386315822601e-007 5.89558039791882e-005
1.47256391048431e-007 8.79960934980772e-005
2.18996541500092e-007 0.000170168917975388
3.62476842403412e-007 0.00043053287663497
5.6365443944931e-007 0.00100999174173921
9.00158421993256e-007 0.00253313197754323
1.38939334630966e-006 0.00596629269421101
2.19229175329208e-006 0.0146528081968427
3.40231372594833e-006 0.0346330963075161
5.36879016637802e-006 0.0835836455225945
8.4258885550499e-006 0.195551574230194
1.34719700980186e-005 0.454990178346634
2.14721532034874e-005 0.973369359970093
2.94723363089561e-005 1.50876677036285
3.74725194144249e-005 1.93907618522644
4.54727025198936e-005 2.17364835739136
5.34728856253624e-005 2.15914535522461
6.14730687308312e-005 1.88032209873199
6.94732518362999e-005 1.35669529438019
7.74734349417687e-005 0.636228680610657
8.54736180472374e-005 -0.212805137038231
9.34738011527062e-005 -1.11071646213531
0.000101473984258175 -1.97513055801392
0.000109474167363644 -2.72884726524353
0.000117474350469112 -3.30632519721985
0.000125474533574581 -3.65848994255066
0.00013347471668005 -3.75574278831482
0.000141474899785519 -3.58919620513916
0.000149475082890987 -3.17026948928833
0.000157475265996456 -2.52886724472046
0.000165475449101925 -1.71041166782379
65

0.000173475632207394 -0.77202433347702
0.000181475815312862 0.22182734310627
0.000189475998418331 1.20392143726349
0.0001974761815238 2.10882163047791
0.000205476364629269 2.87710785865784
0.000213476547734737 3.45907211303711
0.000221476730840206 3.81769299507141
0.000229476913945675 3.93074774742126
0.000237477097051144 3.79196953773499
0.000245477280156612 3.41121101379395
0.000253477463262081 2.81362414360046
0.00026147764636755 2.03792238235474
0.000269477829473019 1.1338404417038
0.000277478012578487 0.15894877910614
0.000285478195683956 -0.82498437166214
0.000293478378789425 -1.75586080551147
0.000301478561894894 -2.575119972229
0.000309478745000362 -3.23137068748474
0.000317478928105831 -3.68356990814209
0.0003254791112113 -3.90355205535889
0.000333479294316769 -3.87775754928589
0.000341479477422237 -3.60805249214172
0.000349479660527706 -3.11159014701843
0.000357479843633175 -2.4197211265564
0.000365480026738644 -1.57602107524872
0.000373480209844113 -0.633555948734283
0.000381480392949581 0.348444640636444
0.00038948057605505 1.30829858779907
0.000397480759160519 2.18573594093323
0.8 2.43703651428223
Ti me
I ( L)
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
66

(D) I(C) v/s time
Time I(C)
0 0
8e-008 4.00835633627139e-005
8.44837594032288e-008 4.24560166720767e-005
9.34512782096863e-008 4.74526568723377e-005
1.11386315822601e-007 5.89558039791882e-005
1.47256391048431e-007 8.79960934980772e-005
2.18996541500092e-007 0.000170168917975388
3.62476842403412e-007 0.00043053287663497
5.6365443944931e-007 0.00100999174173921
9.00158421993256e-007 0.00253313197754323
1.38939334630966e-006 0.00596629269421101
2.19229175329208e-006 0.0146528081968427
3.40231372594833e-006 0.0346330963075161
5.36879016637802e-006 0.0835836455225945
8.4258885550499e-006 0.195551574230194
1.34719700980186e-005 0.454990178346634
2.14721532034874e-005 0.973369359970093
2.94723363089561e-005 1.50876677036285
3.74725194144249e-005 1.93907618522644
4.54727025198936e-005 2.17364835739136
5.34728856253624e-005 2.15914535522461
6.14730687308312e-005 1.88032209873199
6.94732518362999e-005 1.35669529438019
7.74734349417687e-005 0.636228680610657
8.54736180472374e-005 -0.212805137038231
9.34738011527062e-005 -1.11071646213531
0.000101473984258175 -1.97513055801392
0.000109474167363644 -2.72884726524353
0.000117474350469112 -3.30632519721985
0.000125474533574581 -3.65848994255066
0.00013347471668005 -3.75574278831482
0.000141474899785519 -3.58919620513916
0.000149475082890987 -3.17026948928833
0.000157475265996456 -2.52886724472046
0.000165475449101925 -1.71041166782379
0.000173475632207394 -0.77202433347702
0.000181475815312862 0.22182734310627
0.000189475998418331 1.20392143726349
0.0001974761815238 2.10882163047791
0.000205476364629269 2.87710785865784
0.000213476547734737 3.45907211303711
0.000221476730840206 3.81769299507141
0.000229476913945675 3.93074774742126
0.000237477097051144 3.79196953773499
0.000245477280156612 3.41121101379395
0.000253477463262081 2.81362414360046
0.00026147764636755 2.03792238235474
0.000269477829473019 1.1338404417038
0.000277478012578487 0.15894877910614
0.000285478195683956 -0.82498437166214
67

0.000293478378789425 -1.75586080551147
0.000301478561894894 -2.575119972229
0.000309478745000362 -3.23137068748474
0.000317478928105831 -3.68356990814209
0.0003254791112113 -3.90355205535889
0.000333479294316769 -3.87775754928589
0.000341479477422237 -3.60805249214172
0.000349479660527706 -3.11159014701843
0.000357479843633175 -2.4197211265564
0.000365480026738644 -1.57602107524872
0.000373480209844113 -0.633555948734283
0.000381480392949581 0.348444640636444
0.00038948057605505 1.30829858779907
0.000397480759160519 2.18573594093323
0.0004000000000008 2.43703651428223
Ti me
I ( C)
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
I ( C)
(E) V1(Vin) v/s time
Time V1(VIN)
0 0
8e-008 0.0251327138394117
8.44837594032288e-008 0.0265413243323565
9.34512782096863e-008 0.0293585434556007
1.11386315822601e-007 0.0349929705262184
1.47256391048431e-007 0.0462617948651314
2.18996541500092e-007 0.0687992498278618
3.62476842403412e-007 0.113872997462749
5.6365443944931e-007 0.177068009972572
9.00158421993256e-007 0.28275540471077
1.38939334630966e-006 0.43635219335556
2.19229175329208e-006 0.688184380531311
3.40231372594833e-006 1.06683433055878
5.36879016637802e-006 1.67866957187653
8.4258885550499e-006 2.61626577377319
1.34719700980186e-005 4.10711622238159
2.14721532034874e-005 6.24559688568115
2.94723363089561e-005 7.99162530899048
68

3.74725194144249e-005 9.23548793792725
4.54727025198936e-005 9.89902496337891
5.34728856253624e-005 9.9405403137207
6.14730687308312e-005 9.3574275970459
6.94732518362999e-005 8.1863260269165
7.74734349417687e-005 6.50082445144653
8.54736180472374e-005 4.40683317184448
9.34738011527062e-005 2.03593182563782
0.000101473984258175 -0.462900340557098
0.000109474167363644 -2.93264555931091
0.000117474350469112 -5.2181134223938
0.000125474533574581 -7.17569303512573
0.00013347471668005 -8.68237686157227
0.000141474899785519 -9.6434907913208
0.000149475082890987 -9.9986400604248
0.000157475265996456 -9.725510597229
0.000165475449101925 -8.84126281738281
0.000173475632207394 -7.40146112442017
0.000181475815312862 -5.49657678604126
0.000189475998418331 -3.2463071346283
0.0001974761815238 -0.79205048084259
0.000205476364629269 1.71197581291199
0.000213476547734737 4.10842752456665
0.000221476730840206 6.24671983718872
0.000229476913945675 7.9924898147583
0.000237477097051144 9.23603916168213
0.000245477280156612 9.8992280960083
0.000253477463262081 9.94038391113281
0.00026147764636755 9.35692024230957
0.000269477829473019 8.1855001449585
0.000277478012578487 6.49973154067993
0.000285478195683956 4.40554237365723
0.000293478378789425 2.03452396392822
0.000301478561894894 -0.464336901903152
0.000309478745000362 -2.93402028083801
0.000317478928105831 -5.2193398475647
0.0003254791112113 -7.17669439315796
0.000333479294316769 -8.68309020996094
0.000341479477422237 -9.64387130737305
0.000349479660527706 -9.99866390228271
0.000357479843633175 -9.72517585754395
0.000365480026738644 -8.84059047698975
0.000373480209844113 -7.40049362182617
0.000381480392949581 -5.49537563323975
0.00038948057605505 -3.24494671821594
0.000397480759160519 -0.790616869926453
0.0004000000000008 2.51314080657039e-010
69

Ti me
V1( VI N)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
V1( VI N)
(F) V1(R) v/s time
Time V1(R)
0 0
8e-008 0.0251327138394117
8.44837594032288e-008 0.0265413243323565
9.34512782096863e-008 0.0293585434556007
1.11386315822601e-007 0.0349929705262184
1.47256391048431e-007 0.0462617948651314
2.18996541500092e-007 0.0687992498278618
3.62476842403412e-007 0.113872997462749
5.6365443944931e-007 0.177068009972572
9.00158421993256e-007 0.28275540471077
1.38939334630966e-006 0.43635219335556
2.19229175329208e-006 0.688184380531311
3.40231372594833e-006 1.06683433055878
5.36879016637802e-006 1.67866957187653
8.4258885550499e-006 2.61626577377319
1.34719700980186e-005 4.10711622238159
2.14721532034874e-005 6.24559688568115
2.94723363089561e-005 7.99162530899048
3.74725194144249e-005 9.23548793792725
4.54727025198936e-005 9.89902496337891
5.34728856253624e-005 9.9405403137207
6.14730687308312e-005 9.3574275970459
6.94732518362999e-005 8.1863260269165
7.74734349417687e-005 6.50082445144653
8.54736180472374e-005 4.40683317184448
9.34738011527062e-005 2.03593182563782
0.000101473984258175 -0.462900340557098
0.000109474167363644 -2.93264555931091
0.000117474350469112 -5.2181134223938
0.000125474533574581 -7.17569303512573
0.00013347471668005 -8.68237686157227
0.000141474899785519 -9.6434907913208
0.000149475082890987 -9.9986400604248
70

0.000157475265996456 -9.725510597229
0.000165475449101925 -8.84126281738281
0.000173475632207394 -7.40146112442017
0.000181475815312862 -5.49657678604126
0.000189475998418331 -3.2463071346283
0.0001974761815238 -0.79205048084259
0.000205476364629269 1.71197581291199
0.000213476547734737 4.10842752456665
0.000221476730840206 6.24671983718872
0.000229476913945675 7.9924898147583
0.000237477097051144 9.23603916168213
0.000245477280156612 9.8992280960083
0.000253477463262081 9.94038391113281
0.00026147764636755 9.35692024230957
0.000269477829473019 8.1855001449585
0.000277478012578487 6.49973154067993
0.000285478195683956 4.40554237365723
0.000293478378789425 2.03452396392822
0.000301478561894894 -0.464336901903152
0.000309478745000362 -2.93402028083801
0.000317478928105831 -5.2193398475647
0.0003254791112113 -7.17669439315796
0.000333479294316769 -8.68309020996094
0.000341479477422237 -9.64387130737305
0.000349479660527706 -9.99866390228271
0.000357479843633175 -9.72517585754395
0.000365480026738644 -8.84059047698975
0.000373480209844113 -7.40049362182617
0.000381480392949581 -5.49537563323975
0.00038948057605505 -3.24494671821594
0.000397480759160519 -0.790616869926453
0.0004000000000008 2.51314080657039e-010
Ti me
V1( R)
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
V1( R)
(G) V1(L) v/s time
Time V1(L)
0 0
71

8e-008 0.025052547454834
8.44837594032288e-008 0.0264564119279385
9.34512782096863e-008 0.0292636379599571
1.11386315822601e-007 0.0348750613629818
1.47256391048431e-007 0.0460858009755611
2.18996541500092e-007 0.0684589147567749
3.62476842403412e-007 0.113011933863163
5.6365443944931e-007 0.175048023462296
9.00158421993256e-007 0.277689158916473
1.38939334630966e-006 0.424419611692429
2.19229175329208e-006 0.658878803253174
3.40231372594833e-006 0.997568070888519
5.36879016637802e-006 1.51150226593018
8.4258885550499e-006 2.22516274452209
1.34719700980186e-005 3.19713592529297
2.14721532034874e-005 4.29885816574097
2.94723363089561e-005 4.97409200668335
3.74725194144249e-005 5.35733556747437
4.54727025198936e-005 5.55172777175903
5.34728856253624e-005 5.62225008010864
6.14730687308312e-005 5.59678363800049
6.94732518362999e-005 5.47293567657471
7.74734349417687e-005 5.22836685180664
8.54736180472374e-005 4.83244323730469
9.34738011527062e-005 4.25736474990845
0.000101473984258175 3.48736071586609
0.000109474167363644 2.52504920959473
0.000117474350469112 1.39453709125519
0.000125474533574581 0.141286671161652
0.00013347471668005 -1.17089128494263
0.000141474899785519 -2.46509790420532
0.000149475082890987 -3.65810132026672
0.000157475265996456 -4.66777563095093
0.000165475449101925 -5.42043924331665
0.000173475632207394 -5.85741233825684
0.000181475815312862 -5.94023180007935
0.000189475998418331 -5.65415000915527
0.0001974761815238 -5.00969362258911
0.000205476364629269 -4.04223966598511
0.000213476547734737 -2.80971693992615
0.000221476730840206 -1.38866627216339
0.000229476913945675 0.130994558334351
0.000237477097051144 1.65210056304932
0.000245477280156612 3.07680630683899
0.000253477463262081 4.31313610076904
0.00026147764636755 5.28107595443726
0.000269477829473019 5.91781902313232
0.000277478012578487 6.18183374404907
0.000285478195683956 6.05551099777222
0.000293478378789425 5.54624557495117
0.000301478561894894 4.68590307235718
0.000309478745000362 3.52872085571289
72

0.000317478928105831 2.1477997303009
0.0003254791112113 0.63040965795517
0.000333479294316769 -0.927575170993805
0.000341479477422237 -2.42776584625244
0.000349479660527706 -3.77548360824585
0.000357479843633175 -4.88573312759399
0.000365480026738644 -5.68854856491089
0.000373480209844113 -6.13338184356689
0.000381480392949581 -6.19226455688477
0.00038948057605505 -5.86154365539551
0.000397480759160519 -5.1620888710022
0.0004000000000008 -4.87407302856445
Ti me
V1( L)
- 8. 0V
- 4. 0V
0V
4. 0V
8. 0V
V1( L)
(H) V1(C) v/s time
Time V1(C)
0 0
8e-008 3.20668505082722e-007
8.44837594032288e-008 3.39704769203308e-007
9.34512782096863e-008 3.80017638690333e-007
1.11386315822601e-007 4.75439634328723e-007
1.47256391048431e-007 7.38998437554983e-007
2.18996541500092e-007 1.66503821219521e-006
3.62476842403412e-007 5.97448206463014e-006
5.6365443944931e-007 2.04645457415609e-005
9.00158421993256e-007 8.00783091108315e-005
1.38939334630966e-006 0.000287989096250385
2.19229175329208e-006 0.00111574120819569
3.40231372594833e-006 0.00409759255126119
5.36879016637802e-006 0.0157211143523455
8.4258885550499e-006 0.0583883039653301
1.34719700980186e-005 0.222522646188736
2.14721532034874e-005 0.793879568576813
2.94723363089561e-005 1.78675675392151
3.74725194144249e-005 3.1659255027771
4.54727025198936e-005 4.81105279922485
73

5.34728856253624e-005 6.5442099571228
6.14730687308312e-005 8.1600341796875
6.94732518362999e-005 9.45487022399902
7.74734349417687e-005 10.2520580291748
8.54736180472374e-005 10.4214315414429
9.34738011527062e-005 9.89201068878174
0.000101473984258175 8.65764427185059
0.000109474167363644 6.77600955963135
0.000117474350469112 4.36188554763794
0.000125474533574581 1.57589554786682
0.00013347471668005 -1.38986539840698
0.000141474899785519 -4.32790851593018
0.000149475082890987 -7.03175640106201
0.000157475265996456 -9.31146335601807
0.000165475449101925 -11.0072135925293
0.000173475632207394 -12.0002107620239
0.000181475815312862 -12.2202949523926
0.000189475998418331 -11.6499824523926
0.0001974761815238 -10.324854850769
0.000205476364629269 -8.33043670654297
0.000213476547734737 -5.79590702056885
0.000221476730840206 -2.88513445854187
0.000229476913945675 0.21431277692318
0.000237477097051144 3.30347037315369
0.000245477280156612 6.18480825424194
0.000253477463262081 8.6747989654541
0.00026147764636755 10.6154623031616
0.000269477829473019 11.8841962814331
0.000277478012578487 12.4013242721558
0.000285478195683956 12.1349039077759
0.000293478378789425 11.1025419235229
0.000301478561894894 9.37011051177979
0.000309478745000362 7.04746055603027
0.000317478928105831 4.28142118453979
0.0003254791112113 1.24650287628174
0.000333479294316769 -1.86609220504761
0.000341479477422237 -4.86048460006714
0.000349479660527706 -7.54840326309204
0.000357479843633175 -9.76097869873047
0.000365480026738644 -11.3593120574951
0.000373480209844113 -12.2431631088257
0.000381480392949581 -12.3572101593018
0.00038948057605505 -11.6944980621338
0.000397480759160519 -10.2968521118164
0.0004000000000008 -9.71455764770508
74

Ti me
V1( C)
- 15V
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
15V
V1( C)
Comperision between Graphs
(3) I(Vin),I(R),I(L),I(C) v/s time
Ti me
I ( VI N) I ( R) I ( L) I ( C)
- 4. 0A
- 2. 0A
0A
2. 0A
4. 0A
75

(4) V1(Vin),V1(R),V1(L),V1(C) v/s time
Ti me
V1( VI N) V1( R) V1( L) V1( C)
- 15V
- 10V
- 5V
0V
5V
10V
15V
RESULT- Hence we made a PSPICE program to Compute the magnitude & phase of
component voltages and currents in resonant circuits.
76

EXPERIMENT # 13
OBJECT: WRITE A PSPICE PROGRAM FOR AC-ANALYZE OF IMPEDANCE
NETWORKS TO DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE,PHASE,REAL &
IMAGINARY PART OF NODE VOLTAGES, COMPONENTS VOLTAGES AND
COMPONENT CURRENTS.
THEORY:
11.1 Simple AC resistor-capacitor circuit
Fig. 11.1 Series RC Circuit
The .ac card specifies the points of ac analysis from 60Hz to 60Hz, at a single point. This card, of
course, is a bit more useful for multi-frequency analysis, where a range of frequencies can be
analyzed in steps. The .print card outputs the AC voltage between nodes 1 and 2, and the AC
voltage between node 2 and ground.
Netlist:
V1 1 0 AC 12V 0 SIN(0 16.97V 50HZ)
R1 1 2 30
C1 2 0 100UF
.AC LIN 1 50 50
.PRINT AC VM(1,2) VP(1,2) VR(1,2) VI(1,2)
.PRINT AC IM(R1) IP(R1) IR(R1) II(R1)
.END
OUTPUT:
FREQ VM(1,2) VP(1,2) VR(1,2) VI(1,2)
5.000E+01 8.230E+00 4.670E+01 5.645E+00 5.989E+00
77

FREQ IM(R1) IP(R1) IR(R1) II(R1)
5.000E+01 2.743E-01 4.670E+01 1.882E-01 1.997E-01
RESULT:
Hence we made a PSPICE program to Compute AC Analysis of network..
78

Electrical Circuit Lab

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Electrical Circuit Lab