Network Fundamentals: Ch11 - Configuring and Testing your Network
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This document provides an overview of router hardware, software, memory, interfaces, and configuration. It discusses what a router consists of, including CPU, memory, interfaces, and IOS software. RAM is used to store the running IOS, configuration, routing table, ARP cache, and packet buffer. ROM stores boot files. Flash stores the IOS image. NVRAM stores the startup configuration. The document outlines the boot-up process and describes router interfaces, access methods, and Cisco IOS modes including privileged EXEC mode for configuration. It provides examples of basic router configuration commands.
Network Fundamentals: Ch11 - Configuring and Testing your Network
- 1. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Network Fundamentals Abdelkhalik Elsaid Mosa abdu.elsaid@yahoo.com http://abdelkhalik.staff.scuegypt.edu.eg/
- 2. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy What is a Router? • Front View • Rear View
- 3. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy What is a Router? Router is a computer which consists of H/W S/W CPU InterfacesMemory IOS Config File Flash NVRAM RAM ROM LAN WANManagement
- 4. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Router’s Memory • RAM «volatile»: used to store 1. Running version of IOS. 2. Running config. File. 3. Routing table. 4. ARP Cache «is used on routers that have LAN interfaces». 5. Packet Buffer. • ROM «permanent»: used to store 1. POST, Basic diagnostic software. 2. Bootstrap. 3. Scaled down Version of IOS «Rxboot». 4. ROMMon. • Flash «Non volatile»: used to store IOS. • NVRAM: used to store Start Up Configuration.
- 5. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Router Boot-up Process
- 6. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Router’s Interfaces • Router Interfaces: capable of sending and receiving traffic. 1. LAN 2. WAN • Management Ports: used for administrative access. 1. Console 2. AUX
- 7. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Cisco IOS - Access Methods • The most usual methods are: 1. Console: Doesn’t require active networking services. 2. AUX port: Doesn’t require active networking services. 3. Telnet or SSH: Requires active networking services.
- 8. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Console Port • Examples of console use are: The initial configuration of the network device Disaster recovery procedures and troubleshooting where remote access is not possible. Password recovery procedures.
- 9. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Using HyperTerminal
- 10. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Auxilary Port
- 11. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Cisco IOS Modes • Cisco IOS is a Modal OS. • In order from top to bottom, the modes are: 1. Setup mode. 2. User executive mode “view only mode” 3. Privileged executive mode “enable mode” 4. Global configuration mode 5. Other specific configuration modes
- 12. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Setup mode • Permit admin to install a minimal configuration for a router. • The router will enter setup mode when: Contents of NVRAM erased “erase startup” command. When the router is “out of the box”. • You can make the router enter setup mode by entering: Router# setup
- 13. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy User executive mode • Allows only a limited number of basic monitoring commands. • Often referred to as a “view only” mode. • Does not allow any commands that might change the configuration of the router. • Identified by the > prompt.
- 14. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Privileged executive mode • Provides access to all router commands. • This mode can be configured to require a password. • Global configuration mode and all other more specific configuration modes can only be reached from the privileged EXEC mode. • The privileged EXEC mode can be identified by the # prompt.
- 15. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Global configuration & Specific Configuration • Configuration changes are made that affect the operation of the device as a whole.
- 16. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Basic IOS command structure
- 17. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Using CLI help • The IOS has several forms of help available: 1. Context-sensitive help 2. Command Syntax Check 3. Hot Keys and Shortcuts
- 18. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Context-sensitive help
- 19. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Command Syntax Check
- 20. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Hot Keys and Shortcuts • Tab: Completes the remainder of the command or keyword. • Ctrl-R: Redisplays a line • Ctrl-Z: Exits configuration mode and returns to the EXEC. • Down Arrow: Scroll forward through former commands. • Up Arrow: Scroll backward through former commands • Ctrl-Shift-6: Interrupt an IOS process such as ping or tracert. • Ctrl-C: Aborts the current command and exits the configuration mode. • Abbreviated commands: Commands can be abbreviated to the minimum number of characters that identifies a unique selection. Ex: sh int = show interfaces
- 21. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy IOS examination commands • Show version • Show flash • Show interfaces • Show startup-config • Show running-config
- 22. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Basic Router Configuration • Naming the router: Host name should be unique. • Banner: Banner should warn against unauthorized use. • Passwords: Use strong passwords • Privileged mode password • Console Password • Telnet Password
- 23. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Basic Router Configuration • Interface configurations: interface type, IP address and subnet mask. Describe purpose of interface. Issue no shutdown command. If DCE serial issue clock rate command.
- 24. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Configuring a serial interface S0/0 S0/1 192.168.1.1/30 192.168.1.2/30 RouterA(config)# interface serial 0/0 RouterA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 RouterA(config-if)# no shutdown RouterA(config-if)# clock rate 56000 (required for serial DCE only) RouterA(config-if)# exit RouterB(config)# int serial 0/1 RouterB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252 RouterB(config-if)# no shutdown RouterB(config-if)# exit RouterB(config)# exit Router# To know which interface is the DCE : RouterA# show controller s0/0
- 25. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Interpreting the Interface Status • Other Interface Status • Serial0/1 is administratively down , line protocol is down interface is shut down • Serial0/1 is down , line protocol is down interface or cable H/W failure ( no keep-alives ) • Serial0/1 is up , line protocol is down different encapsulation type ( PPP , HDLC , FR ) or no clock rate on DCE. Layer 1 status Layer 2 status Interface is working properly
- 26. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy Just Refresh – Enable Mode commands • copy running-config startup-config • copy startup-config running-config • erase startup-config • ping ip_address • traceroute ip_address • show interfaces • show version • show arp • show startup-config • show running-config • show ip interface brief • configure terminal • show controllers serial_interface
- 27. Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy