11.comparative performance study in multiplexed rzdpsk for smf抯 with fbg

Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 1, 2012

Comparative performance study in multiplexed RZDPSK for
SMF’s with FBG
Devendra Kumar Tripathi1* H.K.Dixit2 Pallavi Singh3N.K.Shukla4

1. Research Scholar, J.K.Institute of Applied Physics and Technology University of Allahabad
(INDIA).
2. Professor J.K.Institute of Applied Physics and Technology University of Allahabad (INDIA).
3. Research Scholar, J.K.Institute of Applied Physics and Technology University of Allahabad
(INDIA).
4. Associate Prof. J.K.Institute of Applied Physics and Technology University of Allahabad
(INDIA).
*E-mail:dekt@rediffmail.com

Abstract
The Fiber Bragg gratings have emerged as important components in several of light wave applications in
the FBG becoming a ubiquitous and necessary element in equipment located throughout the network from
the central office to the home. This paper explores comparative performance study with and without using
FBG as an external dispersion compensator for sixteen channel return to zero differential phase shift keying
modulation operating at 45Gbps per channel with channel spacing of 0.15nm. Simulations are done with
various single mode fibers with and without external FBG.Better performance (Q, BER) for dispersion
values used in simulation are -58ps/nm, 23ps/nm, and 100ps/nm for FBG’s used at receiver channels. It is
observed that FBG used with receiver channels support larger communication fiber length, also G655
(NZDSF) fiber shows much better performance as compared with other SMF’s tested.
Key Words: FBG, WDM, DCG, DCF, FOM, RZ.

1. Introduction
In currently scenario research is on increasing the capacity of metro and long-haul (LH) ultra dense
wavelength-division multiplexing (UDWDM) systems aims at achieving very high spectral efficiency close
to 1 b/s/Hz [1].It was accomplished in using highly reduced channel spacing in the order of the bit rate per
channel. In such UDWDM systems, the spectra of adjacent channels may overlap significantly if not
properly bounded, remarkably increasing the performance degradation caused by linear crosstalk [2].
Forward-error correction (FEC) techniques have been indicated for metro and LH systems [1] to improve
the performance or increase the system margin. On the other hand, its use leads to a larger transmitted
signal bandwidth, causing greater pre-FEC decoding performance degradation in UDWDM systems due to
linear crosstalk .The enormous growth in the demand of bandwidth is pushing the utilization of fiber
infrastructures to their limits. The optical fiber communication system is an important part in modern
communication networks. Usually, there are three key problems associated with the optical fiber
communication system, that is, the transmission loss, dispersion, and the nonlinear effect. The dispersion
becomes the major obstacle of improvement of the optical fiber communication system. In order to reduce
the effect of dispersion, many fiber structures have been proposed. At first, the zero dispersion point was
shifted to wavelength at 1.55 µm to obtain the so-called dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF), but this kind of
fiber is not efficient in wavelength division multiplex (WDM) system due to nonlinear effect. The
compromise structures considered both the dispersion and nonlinear effect were studied. This kind of fiber
is called G.655 fiber [3–6], however, the dispersion is still a problem of G.655 fiber system, especially for
long distance and high-speed transmission system and the dispersion compensation is still necessary in
G.655 fiber system. Among different dispersion compensation techniques [7, 8], there are two methods
which are very useful, one is of using the dispersion compensation fiber (DCF), the other is of using the
fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [9]. However, by comparison, the DCF have following disadvantages: first, it is
very expensive. Second, EDFA is often necessary to compensate the insertion loss of DCF, and introduce
an extra cost. Second, EDFA is often necessary to compensate the insertion loss of DCF, and introduce an

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Vol 3, No 1, 2012

extra cost. It has low transmission and insertion losses, and its refractive modulation can be controlled in
exposure process easily. The significant discovery of photosensitivity in optical fibers [10] lead to the
development of a new class of in-fiber component, called the fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Fiber Bragg
gratings are revolutionizing the telecommunications technology due to their intrinsic integration with fibers
and the large number of device functionalities that they can facilitate, such as filtering, chromatic
dispersion compensation, and optical amplifiers gain flattening. The most distinguishing feature of the FBG
is the flexibility that they offer for achieving desired spectral characteristics, due to the broad range of
variation in their determining physical parameters [11].Among the different possible methods for achieving
chromatic dispersion compensation—the major limitation for today’s high speed telecommunication
networks—the chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG), [dispersion compensating grating (DCG)] is a very
promising candidate because of its high figure of merit (FOM) [12].The most attractive advantage of using
FBG is that the dispersion and dispersion slope can be compensated and matched simultaneously. Now, the
dispersion compensation of FBG is considered as the best scheme, and hopefully has wide application
foreground. It is shown that generally, the SSB-DCS-RZ formats have poorer Q-factor and tolerance to the
total residual dispersion but much higher tolerance to the in-line dispersion compensation and intra-channel
nonlinear effects than the BL-duo binary formats[13].Previous study were for increase of data rate from
10.7Gbps to 43Gbps WDM system using FBG[14] .Consequently to enhance capacity of the optical
communication system in this contribution paper we examine light wave application with FBG we will do
study and performance analysis for 45Gb/s/ch return to zero differential phase shift keying multiplexed
720Gb/s (45Gb/sx16) WDM optical transmission link with and without using fiber Braggs Grating (FBG)
as an external compensation at receiver end for fiber communication length of 200km with various ITU-T
fibers, So that we can search the utility of FBG with receiving channels for better optical performance
metrics..

2. Theoretical Consideration

Fiber transmission is more challenging at higher bit rate than at 10Gbit/s. At high bit rate dispersion
induces broadening of short pulses propagating in the fiber causes cross talk between adjacent time slots
leading to errors when the communication distance increases beyond the dispersion length of the fiber.
Actually at very high bit rate transmission fiber non linearity’s creates great problem that limits the length
of transmission.
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of distributed Bragg reflector constructed in a short segment of optical
fiber that reflects particular wavelengths of light and transmits all others. This is achieved by adding a
periodic variation to the refractive index of the fiber core, which generates a wavelength specific dielectric
mirror. A fiber Bragg grating can therefore be used as an inline optical filter to block certain wavelengths,
or as a wavelength-specific reflector. The fundamental principle behind the operation of a FBG is Fresnel
reflection. Where light traveling between media of different refractive indices may both reflect and refract
at the interface. The grating will typically have a sinusoidal refractive index variation over a defined length.
The reflected wavelength (λB), called the Bragg wavelength, is defined by the relationship,

Where ne is the effective refractive index of the grating in the fiber core and Λ is the grating period. The
effective refractive index quantifies the velocity of propagating light as compared to its velocity in vacuum.
ne depends not only on the wavelength but also (for multimode waveguides) on the mode in which the light
propagates. For this reason, it is also called modal index.

The wavelength spacing between the first minima, or the bandwidth (∆λ), is given by,

Where δn0 is the variation in the refractive index (n3 − n2), and η is the fraction of power in the core.

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The peak reflection (PB(λB)) is approximately given by,

The structure of the FBG can vary via the refractive index, or the grating period. The grating period can be
uniform or graded, and either localized or distributed in a superstructure. The refractive index has two
primary characteristics, the refractive index profile, and the offset. Typically, the refractive index profile
can be uniform or apodized, and the refractive index offset is positive or zero. There are six common
structures for FBGs are uniform positive-only index change, Gaussian apodized, raised-cosine apodized,
chirped, discrete phase shift, and Superstructure. In chirped FBG, different wavelength component
involved in a light is reflected at different location and result in different time delay. This property makes
FBG useful in dispersion compensation.

Figure1. FBG reflected power vs. wavelength

3. System details

In it RSoft OptSim software was used which gives us same realization as physical realization of the system.
In this simulation return to zero differential phase shift keying modulated WDM system is used. The optical
communication model used is 45Gb/s/ch is shown in fig.1, which is used to test performance of different
fibers as well as with and without FBG for different channels. Sixteen channel transmitter section is used
.The transmitter consists of a PRBS generator, which generates pseudo random bit sequences at the rate of
45Gbit/s with 29–1 bits, 39samples per bit. This bit sequence is fed to the RZcoder that produces an
electrical RZ coded signal. Electrical low pass Bessel filter with 10 poles -3db B.W and this bit sequence
is modulated by optical phase modulator that changes phase of the input optical signal as a function of
electrical driving voltage. Multiplexed optical signals are fed into the fiber. Repeater loop consists of
short fibers of same type but with opposite dispersion values. The fiber model in OptSimTM takes into
account the unidirectional signal flow. Fiber nonlearities, PMD, birefringence are ON and Raman crosstalk
is OFF. The parameters are taken according to table-2 and fibers used are according to table-1 for
simulation.

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Vol 3, No 1, 2012

TX1
45Gbps RX1 Eye
45Gbps Scope1

Mux Pre-Am Post-A
TX2 SMF Dmux RX2
45Gbps plifier mplifier
45Gbps Eye
Scope2

TX16 RX16
45Gbps Eye
45Gbps Scope16

Figure2. 16Chx45Gbps RZDPSK simulation model used

Figure 3. Input optical spectrum of sixteen channel (720Gbps) RZ-DPSK

At the output of the multi stage Lorentzian optical filter and detection is performed by the DPSK receiver.
Detection is observed for Three channels(Ch1,Ch8,Ch16) with and without FBG with different fibers
observation is taken for three Channels which are operating at receiver1 (192.35THz), receiver8
(193.40THz), receiver16 (195.60THz) with and without grating at receiver end. The all outputs are applied
to a visualization tool called Scope. It is an electrical oscilloscope with numerous data processing options,
eye display and BER estimation features. Eye diagrams are used to effectively analyze the performance of
an optical system. Eye diagrams clearly depict the data handling capacity of an optical transmission system.
More the eye open, the more efficient the system. If the eye opening is very wide, there is no crosstalk.
Performance degradation will directly affect the eye diagrams which in turn results in reduced eye opening
and time jitter at the Edges.

Table1.Transmission fiber characteristics of ITU-T recommended fibers
ITU-T(SMF’S) Fiber Names D in Effective core area in
Ps/nm/km 10-12 m2
G.652 AlcatelSMF 16.0 81.7
G.652 yy-CorninSMF28e -16.0 85.0
G653 DSF(DS_ Anomalous) 2.0 55.0
G.655 NZDSF (Lucent True wave) 4.5 55.0
Table-2

Parameter(unit) values
Ref bit rate(Gb/s) 45
Channel separation(Ghz) 150

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Channel frequencies(for 16channels) 192.35 to 195.60
Samples per bit 39
VBS B.W (THZ) 1.3999
Pre amplifier gain(db) 5
FBG dispersion values -58,23 &100 ps/nm

4. Results and Discussion

In it performance study for 720Gb/s (16x45Gb/s) WDM transmission with 150-GHz channel spacing over
200 km variable length link RZ-DPSK optical communication link using different ITU-T recommended
single mode fibers have been tested. Different eye patterns obtained shown in figure (4) to figure (7) and Q
vs. length plots for all four fibers has been shown in figure (8-11).Results shows much increase in various
losses near around 100kms and optical losses varies for different fibers differently. Now on observing
performances Q and eye pattern for different fibers from various results particularly for 100km span of fiber
shows that NZDSF (Lucent true wave) fiber has better eye opening and Q in comparison to other fibers
tested for performance comparison. DS_Anomalous fiber shows performance good but little poor as
compared to Lucent True wave fiber, the other two fibers Corning SMF and Alcatel SMF has shown much
poor optical performance for same fiber span length. On increasing communication length for SMF’s it is
observed that Q value decreases rapidly, BER increases. It is also observed that external FBG compensated
receiver channel shows better performance for higher distance of communication and for very short distance
of communication the receiver channel without external FBG compensated shows better performance.
Different FBG’s used at receiver have different dispersion values used for better performance that is for
receiver channel 1 FBG is set -58ps/nm, receiver channel8 FBG is set 23ps/nm, receiver channel 16 FBG is
set 100ps/nm with WDM optical system operating at 45Gbps/Ch .On comparing for 200km span it is found
that NZDSF (Lucent True wave) fiber has shown less BER and better Q , eye pattern in comparison to all
other SMF’s used for study, also CorningSMF28e shows poor performance compared to other fibers for
overall span analysis.

5. Conclusion

The ITU-T recommended fibers are compared for RZDPSK modulation at 45Gb/s/ch by varying span length
up to 200km at 45Gb/s/ch .The G652 (yyCorningSMF28e) shows much poor performance as compared to
other fibers tested and NZDSF (Lucent True wave fiber) G655 shows better performance (wide eye opening,
high Q and lowest BER) in comparison to other fibers for variable length span. FBG is helpful for large
distance of communication with optical system operating at such high bit rates as 45Gbps/ch.

References

[1] G. Bosco, A. Carena, V. Curri, R. Gaudino, and P. Poggiolini, “Modulation formats suitable for
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[2] P. J.Winzer,M. Pfennigbauer, and R.-J. Essiambre, “Coherent crosstalk in ultradense WDM systems,” J.
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Tb/s (40-Gb/s×25 ch) WDM transmission experiment over 342 km of TrueWave(R) (non-zero dispersion)
fiber,” OFC/IOOC _99. PD7-1-PD7-3, 1999.

[4] A.K. Srivastava, Y. Sun, J.L. Zyskind, J.W. Sulhoff, C.Wolf, J.B. Judkins, J. Zhou, M. Zirngibl, R.P.
Espindola,A.M. Vengsarkar, Y.P. Li, A.R. Chraplyvy,” Long-haul WDM system through conventional

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single mode optical fiber with dispersion compensation by chirped fiber Bragg grating ,” Opt. Commun.1
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[5] C.H. Chang, Y.K. Chen, Electron. Lett. 36, 243, 2000.

[6] C.C. Lee, C.H. Chang, K.M. Feng,” Hybrid 10-Gb/s, 2.5-Gb/s, 64-QAM, and AM-VSB high-capacity
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[7] Jose capmang, Daniel Pastor, Salvador Sales, Beatriz Ortega, Pascual Munoz, ECOC_2000, 59–
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[9] S.G. Edirisinghe, X. Shan, S. Siddiqui, “Stabilised 10 GHz rationally mode-locked erbium fibre laser
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[10] K.O. Hill , Y. Fujii, D.C. Johnson and B.S. Kawasaki, “Photosensitivity in optical waveguides:
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[11] K.O. Hill and G. Meltz, “Fiber Bragg Gratings Technology and Overview”, IEEE J.Lightwave
Technol. 15, pp.1263-1276, 1997.
[12] F. Ouellette, “Dispersion cancellation using linearly chirped Bragg grating filters in optical
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[13] Nataša B. Pavlovi´c and Adolfo V. T. Cartaxo, Senior Member, IEEE, Optimization of Single-
Sideband DCS-RZ Format for Long-Haul 43-Gb/s/channel Ultra dense WDM Systems, journal of light
wave technology, vol. 25, no. 2, February 2007

[14] Dochhan, A. Smolorz, S. Rohde, H. Rosenkranz, W. Dept. of Commun., ““FBG dispersion
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Figure 4. Eye pattern Rx1, Rx8, Rx16 Lucent True wave SMF 200km transmission with FBG

Figure 5. Eye pattern Rx1, Rx8, Rx16 Lucent True wave SMF 200km transmission without FBG

Figure 6.Eye pattern Rx1, Rx8, Rx16 DS_Anomalous SMF 200km transmission with FBG

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Figure 7. Eye pattern Rx1, Rx8, Rx16 DS_Anomalous SMF 200km transmission without FBG

Figure 8.Q vs. Length plot for Lucent True Wave Fiber

Figure 9.Q vs. Length plot for DS_Anomalous Fiber

Figure 10.Q vs. Length plot YY_Corning SMF

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Figure 11.Q vs. Length plot for Alcatel SMF

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