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Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
Understandings, Applications and Skills
Understandings:
1. Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without
compartmentalization.
2. Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
3. Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light
microscopes.
Applications and skills:
4. Application: Structure and function of organelles within exocrine
gland cells of the pancreas and within palisademesophyll cells of the
leaf.
5. Application: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
6. Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on
electron micrographs.
7. Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on
electron micrographs.
8. Skill: Interpretation of electron micrographs to identify organelles
and deduce the function of specialized cells.
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light
microscopes
1. Distinguish between the maximum resolution of the light and the
electron microscope
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Complete the table below comparing the resolution of the eye
with light and electron microscopes:
resolution
Millimetres
(mm)
Micrometres
(μm)
Nanometres
(nm)
Human eye 100,000
Light
microscopes
0.0002
Electron
microscopes
0.001 1
3. Small pox virus is 200-400 nm long. Explain which of the
instruments given in the previous question you would use for its
observation.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without
compartmentalization.
Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron
micrographs.
4.Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure.
a. Define the term prokaryote.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
b. Draw and label the ultrastructure of a generalized prokaryote and
annotate the diagram with the function of each of the labeled parts.
5. This image is a transmission electron micrograph of a bacterium.
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
Identify the labelled structures:
I
II
III
IV
6. This is an electron
micrograph of the bacterium
Escherichia coli.
(a) Draw a diagram of the
ultrastructure of the cell,
clearly labelling as many
structures as you can identify
from the micrograph.
1 μm
http://2007.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2d/Escherichia_coli.jpg
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
(b) Calculate the magnification of the image.
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
7. http://2007.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2d/Escherichia_coli.jpg
Annotate the following diagram with a brief description of the
numbered stages.
https://d2gne97vdumgn3.cloudfront.net/api/file/DYa4SXdWQVobZWjkWQtM
Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
8. Explain the advantages of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Annotate the following diagram of the eukaryotic cell and write a
short outline of the function of each organelle.
Structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of
the pancreas and within palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf.
10. Outline the functions of the following eukaryotic organelles
Organelle Structure (description) Function of organelle Draw it
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
Region of the cell
containing chromosomes,
surrounded by a double
membrane, in which
there are pores.
Storage and protection
of genetic information
on chromosomes.
Ribosome
Small spherical subunit
consisting of two
subunits, some attached
to membranes, others
free.
Spherical organelles
surrounded by a single
membrane, containing
hydrolytic enzymes.
Digestion of structures
ad molecules that are
not needed in the cell.
Organelles surrounded by
two membranes, the
inner of which is folded
inwards.
Double-membrane
containing layers of
membranes (thylakoid
stacks) and the pigment
chlorophyll.
Large, folding membrane
structure found close to
the nucleus, with
ribosomes attached to
some surfaces.
Large, folded membrane
structure found close to
the plasma membrane,
often with vesicles
budding off the outer
edge.
Processes proteins
arriving from the rER.
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
Spherical organelles,
single membrane.
Contain hydrolytic
enzymes
9 x triplets of cylindrical
protein fibers
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
11. Label the micrograph below
Deduce whether it’s a plant or animal cell.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
12. Identify as many organelles as you can and deduce the function
of the cell.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Identify as many organelles as you can and deduce the function
of the cell.
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/cse-img/botany/plant-anat/cell/plant-cell-tem.jpg
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com
References
Most material was copied or inspired from
Paine, Chris . “BioKnowledgy DP Notes 1.2 - Ultrastructure of Cells”
Web. 18 Jun 2016.
<http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bioknowledgy-dp-notes-
12?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/12-ultrastructure-of-cells.html>
Taylor, Stephen. "Essential Biology 02.2 & 02.3 Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes.docx." 18 Jun 2016.
<https://www.box.net/shared/y1kangxb9t >.

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1.2. Ultrastructure of cells - practise questions

  • 1. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com Understandings, Applications and Skills Understandings: 1. Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization. 2. Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure. 3. Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes. Applications and skills: 4. Application: Structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas and within palisademesophyll cells of the leaf. 5. Application: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission. 6. Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs. 7. Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs. 8. Skill: Interpretation of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells.
  • 2. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes 1. Distinguish between the maximum resolution of the light and the electron microscope …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Complete the table below comparing the resolution of the eye with light and electron microscopes: resolution Millimetres (mm) Micrometres (μm) Nanometres (nm) Human eye 100,000 Light microscopes 0.0002 Electron microscopes 0.001 1 3. Small pox virus is 200-400 nm long. Explain which of the instruments given in the previous question you would use for its observation. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………
  • 3. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization. Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs. 4.Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure. a. Define the term prokaryote. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… b. Draw and label the ultrastructure of a generalized prokaryote and annotate the diagram with the function of each of the labeled parts. 5. This image is a transmission electron micrograph of a bacterium.
  • 4. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com Identify the labelled structures: I II III IV 6. This is an electron micrograph of the bacterium Escherichia coli. (a) Draw a diagram of the ultrastructure of the cell, clearly labelling as many structures as you can identify from the micrograph. 1 μm http://2007.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2d/Escherichia_coli.jpg
  • 5. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com (b) Calculate the magnification of the image.
  • 6. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com Prokaryotes divide by binary fission. 7. http://2007.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2d/Escherichia_coli.jpg Annotate the following diagram with a brief description of the numbered stages. https://d2gne97vdumgn3.cloudfront.net/api/file/DYa4SXdWQVobZWjkWQtM Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
  • 7. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com 8. Explain the advantages of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Annotate the following diagram of the eukaryotic cell and write a short outline of the function of each organelle. Structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas and within palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf. 10. Outline the functions of the following eukaryotic organelles Organelle Structure (description) Function of organelle Draw it
  • 8. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com Region of the cell containing chromosomes, surrounded by a double membrane, in which there are pores. Storage and protection of genetic information on chromosomes. Ribosome Small spherical subunit consisting of two subunits, some attached to membranes, others free. Spherical organelles surrounded by a single membrane, containing hydrolytic enzymes. Digestion of structures ad molecules that are not needed in the cell. Organelles surrounded by two membranes, the inner of which is folded inwards. Double-membrane containing layers of membranes (thylakoid stacks) and the pigment chlorophyll. Large, folding membrane structure found close to the nucleus, with ribosomes attached to some surfaces. Large, folded membrane structure found close to the plasma membrane, often with vesicles budding off the outer edge. Processes proteins arriving from the rER.
  • 9. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com Spherical organelles, single membrane. Contain hydrolytic enzymes 9 x triplets of cylindrical protein fibers
  • 10. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com 11. Label the micrograph below Deduce whether it’s a plant or animal cell. ……………………………………………………………………………………
  • 11. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com 12. Identify as many organelles as you can and deduce the function of the cell. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 13. Identify as many organelles as you can and deduce the function of the cell.
  • 12. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/cse-img/botany/plant-anat/cell/plant-cell-tem.jpg …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………
  • 13. Revision questions 1.2. Ultrastructure of cells Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:biology.kitsos@gmail.com References Most material was copied or inspired from Paine, Chris . “BioKnowledgy DP Notes 1.2 - Ultrastructure of Cells” Web. 18 Jun 2016. <http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bioknowledgy-dp-notes- 12?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/12-ultrastructure-of-cells.html> Taylor, Stephen. "Essential Biology 02.2 & 02.3 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.docx." 18 Jun 2016. <https://www.box.net/shared/y1kangxb9t >.