New gTLDs in the root & .cat experience
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The document discusses the evolution of generic top-level domains (gTLDs), focusing on the .cat domain as a case study since its approval in 2005. It highlights the history, performance, and challenges faced by new gTLDs, indicating that while many are likely to fail, a few may succeed in niche markets. The document concludes by addressing the importance of internet governance and the need for adaptability in a mature domain market.
New gTLDs in the root & .cat experience
- 1. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre New gTLDs in the root & .cat experience GORE/ESNOG 11th meeting Jordi Iparraguirre @jordiipa linkedin.ipa.cat Barcelona, May 21st, 2013
- 2. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre What's ahead ● Before .cat ● Sunrise and the first 6 years ● New gTLDs ● Conclusions
- 3. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away ....
- 4. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre …. there were 6 gTLDs .com for companies .net for network operators .org for non-for-profits .edu for US universities .gov for the US government . mil for Master Chief and a few ccTLDs for friends and family, and Jon Postel to rule them all
- 5. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre And it WAS good ! How nice it's to have a tidy and properly classified namespace ... but entropy always wins (even to Murphy & Chuck Norris), such is life!
- 6. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● IANA uses ISO 3166 list for ccTLDs ● Other gTLDs were created (.mil, .int) ● Who rules the root ? --> Alternative roots? ● ICANN is created (1998) ● 2 waves of new gTLDs – 2000: aero, biz, coop, info, museum, name, pro – 2004: asia, cat, jobs, mobi, tel, travel, ... – .xxx & .post later on due to “features”
- 7. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre Source: ICANN https://charts.icann.org/public/index-registry-monthly.html .aero 8,263 .asia 380,945 .biz 2,333,550 .cat 61,402 .com 108,505,915 .coop 14,967 .info 7,402,557 .jobs 42,089 .mobi 1,038,217 .museum 435 .name 218,674 .net 15,256,177 .org 10,098,060 .post 7 .pro 156,988 .tel 218,825 .travel 23,388 .xxx 140,121 And this is what we have (gTLDs):
- 8. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre And this is what we have (cc+g TLD): Source: http://www.prodomaines.com/classement-noms-domaine-extension-mai-2013-allemagne-vs-tokelau 10e8 10e7 10e6
- 9. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre .cat milestones ● Approved: 15 Sept. 2005 ● In the root: 19 Dec. 2005 ● Sunrise starts: 13 Feb. 2006 ● Sunrise ends: 23 Abr. 2006 ● IPv6 and IDN since day 1 ● Moved from pre-validation to post-validation (automatic registration) ● DNSSEC ready: March 2010 ● Whois: was like all gTLDs, now opt-in/out to comply EU privacy laws ● Financially self sufficient since 1st quarter, profit every year. ● Decreased prices as volume grew (from 75/yr to 10€/yr)
- 10. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre .cat performance: Source: www.domini.cat
- 11. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre .cat performance: Source: Jordi Iiparraguirre Raw data: ICANN & Google
- 12. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● January to April 12th, well in fact May 30th 2012, ICANN accepts candidatures for new gTLDs ● June 13th 2012: 1930 applications are revealed – 116 are IDN and 751 are in contention ● A gold rush or a “be there or be square” issue ? ● May 2013: 63 applications already withdrawn, and some questioned New gTLDs
- 13. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre https://newgtlds.icann.org/ ● IDN: . 诺基亚 , .คอม, .וםֹ ק بازار .католик , …. ● Brand: .bcn, .lacaixa, .mango, .seat, .telefonica ... ● Geo: .abudhabi, .capetown, .istambul, .helsinki, ... ● Community: .eco, .green, .gay, .music, .radio, .sports, ... ● Generic New gTLDs
- 14. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● .alsace, .aquitanie, .bzh, .corsica, .eus, .gal, .scot, .tirol .wales/cymru …... ● .barcelona, .berlin, .köln, .madrid, .melbourne, .paris, .tokyo, .wien …..... ● .africa, .lat, + .amazon, .patagonia ● .app (13), .home (11), .inc (11), .art (10), .blog (9), .book (9), .llc (9), .shop (9), .design (8), .cloud (7), .hotel (7), .love (7), .ltd (7), .mail (7), .news (7), .store (7) .web (7) .... New gTLDs: Geo, community and others
- 15. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● From kinda ccTLDs to almost Geo ● Followed .cat example ● Copy.cat campaign ● Future: small, but properly managed can get a nice share (volume and visibility) in their natural market ● Doubt: Find their place and meet expectations (ccTLD, a local D.O., ...) “Cultural” new gTLDs
- 16. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● Why ? – Why not ! ● The Internet is for everyone ● Bottom-up processes ● Which is the right measure of success ? – Volume, service, money, … ? ● Be conservative in what you do be liberal in what you accept from others (Postel, RFC 1222) new gTLDs
- 17. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● New gTLD process, GAC trying to gain more influence ● Is there a real demand for your TLD ? ● .com mindshare and market dominance – “Big gets bigger” effect ● How to enter & survive in a mature market ? ● How will SW, FW, Apps validate new gTLDs ? ● How will pure generics win world market ? Issues:
- 18. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● Internet governance is a key topic (increasingly critical) – Govt's role, I.Prop law, privacy, access, censorship, ... ● SW, FW, apps, should be ready to accept all these new gTLD names – https://www.icann.org/en/resources/tld-acceptance ● DNSSEC & IPv6 aware & ready Conclusions
- 19. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre ● Many gTLDs will be a fiasco in all metrics (volume, visibility, infodensity, or (niche) market share ● Others will be a “family business” but expendable ● Some may get to a 10e5 zone (overcome shelf-crowding, win niche or power mktg) ● No one will be threat for .com Conclusions
- 20. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre Gràcies! Preguntes? Jordi Iparraguirre @jordiipa http://linkedin.ipa.cat jordi@iparraguirre.net