15. endocrine system
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The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate and integrate body functions such as metabolism and growth. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and gonads. The pituitary gland is the "master gland" that controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones like growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone. Hormones from these glands help control vital body processes including growth and development, metabolism, immune function, stress response, and sexual development.
15. endocrine system
- 3. Hormones ā¢ Chemical messengers ā¢ Enter directly into the bloodstream ā¢ Regulate and integrate body functions ā¢ Play role in bodyās metabolism and growth
- 4. Endocrine Glands ā¢ Are ductless glands ā¢ Consists of cells that produce internal secretions called hormones
- 5. How The Endocrine System Works ā¢ Cells of endocrine glands secrete hormones into the extracellular fluid ā¢ Hormones enter the capillaries through diffusion and secrete directly into the bloodstream (plasma part of the blood) ā¢ Through blood circulation, these hormones can be distributed all over our body
- 6. The Endocrine Glands ā¢ Pituitary Gland ā¢ Pineal Gland ā¢ Thyroid Gland ā¢ Parathyroid Gland ā¢ Thymus ā¢ Adrenal Glands ā¢ Pancreas ā¢ Gonads
- 7. Pituitary Gland ā¢ Small gland about the size of a corn at the base of the brain ā¢ Connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk ā¢ Master gland ā¢ Secretes hormones like Growth Hormone (GH) & Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - GH Influences body size and growth - TSH influences the thyroid gland to release its thyroxine.
- 9. Pineal Gland ā¢ Pear-shaped structure at the back of the base of the brain ā¢ Behind the junction of the spinal cord and brain tissue ā¢ Smaller than a pea ā¢ SECRETES: MELATONIN - influences the biological rhythm of an organism.
- 11. Thyroid Gland ā¢ Large gland below the larynx at the base of the neck ā¢ Regulation of metabolism related to growth ā¢ Secretes: Thyroxine - It influences the rate of metabolism and physical development.
- 12. Parathyroid Glands ā¢ Four small glands at the back of the thyroid gland ā¢ Secretes: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) ā¢ Control and maintain plasma concentration of calcium and phosphorus
- 14. Thymus ā¢ Located above the heart and under the breast bone ā¢ SECRETES: Thymosin that promotes maturation of the immune system ā¢ Lymphocytes are also produced by this gland ā¢ Vital in the defense against body diseases
- 15. Adrenal Glands ā¢ Two glands located on top of each kidney ā¢ Two parts: adrenal cortex and medulla ā Adrenal cortex SECRETES cortin, responsible for the control of fat, carbohydrates, protein metabolism ā Medulla SECRETES epinephrine/adrenalin which are the glands of emergency. The adrenaline is released during emergency situations or when the body is stressed.
- 17. Pancreas ā¢ Large gland located below and behind the stomach ā¢ Consists of cells called ISLETS OF LANGERHANS that SECRETE Insulin and Glucagon ā Insulin decreases blood sugar level ā Glucagon increases blood sugar level
- 19. Gonads ā¢ Sex glands (Ovaries and Testes) ā¢ Control development of secondary sex characteristics that change from childhood to adulthood ā¢ Ovaries (located at the pelvis) ā Secrete Estrogen and Progesterone ā¢ Testes (below the pelvis) ā Secrete Testosterone