1.5 Energy Resources.ppt
- 4. Prerequisite Knowledge •Formation of fossil fuels •Commercialization of renewable energy
- 5. Evocation
- 6. General Objective Students will be able to understand the importance of renewable and non-renewable energy resources
- 7. Specific Objectives Recall the difference between renewable & non- renewable energy resources (S&T) Demonstrate the process of harvesting solar and wind energy (S, E & T) Explain the methods of harvesting tidal, geothermal and hydroelectric power (S &T) Assess the depletion risk of non-renewable energy resources and need for renewable energy resources (S)
- 8. Energy Resources A natural resource that can be converted by humans into forms of energy in order to do useful work. Energy consumption of a nation is usually considered as an index of its development Countries developmental activities are directly or indirectly dependent upon energy. Fire – cooking, heating Wind and hydropower (10,000 years)
- 9. Growing Energy Needs Development in different sectors need energy Fossil fuels (Coal, oil, natural gas) – 95% energy supply Shifting to a luxurious life style we need energy for Agriculture needs, Mining, Transportation, Lighting, Cooling and heating in building, Population explosion. In U.S.A and Canada – person consumes 300 GJ/year. Bhutan, Nepal, Ethiopia - 1 GJ/year. India, China – below 50 GJ/year.
- 10. Types of Energy Sources RENEWABLE: Can Be Regenerated In A Short Period Of Time Or Is Basically Unlimited Ex: Solar, Wind, Tidal, GTE, Hydropower etc., NON-RENEWABLE: Can’t Be Replaced In A Short Amount Of Time And Is Limited Ex: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Nuclear fuels(U, Th) etc., wood RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE 15-20 years Million years Coal SO-1
- 11. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Non-renewable resources which have accumulated in nature over a long span of time and cannot be quickly regenerated when exhausted. Ex: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Nuclear fuels SO-1
- 12. RENEWABLE RESOURCES Renewable resources are natural resources that can be generated continuously & are inexhaustible. Ex: ● Wood ● Solar ● Geothermal ● Wind ● Biomass ●Tidal ●Biofuels ● Biogas ● OTE ● Hydrogen SO-2
- 13. SOLAR Energy Energy from the sun (Ultimate source). Nuclear fission occurring inside sun releases energy Why is energy from the sun renewable? SO-2
- 14. Some important solar energy harvesting devices 1. Solar heat collectors (Active in nature Using stones, bricks, glass which absorb heat at day & emits slowly at night. 2. Solar cells (Photovoltaic cells/Semiconductors like Si or Ge) 3. Solar cookers (Using mirrors) 4. Solar water heaters (Using copper coils) 5. Solar furnace (using 1000s of mirrors in concave reflectors & up to 3000°C) 6. Solar power plant (Using concave reflectors Boiling of water to get steam) SO-2
- 15. Solar cell 4 cm2 – 0.4 V (60 mA) Calculators, watches, street light, SO-2 Solar cooker
- 16. Solar collector Solar water heater SO-2
- 17. Solar power plant Solar furnace (Concave reflectors – 3000°C) (steam turbine – electricity, 50 K Watt SO-2
- 18. WIND • Energy from the wind. • Kinetic energy Electrical energy • Large number of wind mills in clusters Wind Farms • Min. speed req. 15 km/hr • No air pollution • Kanyakumari 380 MW SO-2
- 19. FA1 1. Power generation by the following mode is least polluting (U) a. Coal b. Gasoline c. Natural gas d. Diesel 2. Nuclear energy often causes (R) a. Air pollution b. Acid rain c. Thermal pollution d. Noise pollution 3. An example of non-renewable resources is a. Wind b. Water c. Vegetation d. Coal and minerals
- 20. HYDROPOWER • Energy from the flow of water. • Water is stored in dam & allow to fall from a height • The turbine blades rotate to generate electricity • Helps no pollution, irrigation & navigation • India 4 x 1011 KW- hours SO-3
- 21. TIDAL ENERGY • Ocean tides produced by gravitational forces of sun and moon contains lot of energy. • When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through reservoir of barrage & runs the turbine. • Produces electricity by rotating the generators • Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations. • In India Gulf of Cambay, Gulf of Kutch & Sunderban deltas are the tidal power sites. SO-3
- 22. Image of tidal barriage SO-3
- 23. Advantages of Tidal Power Once you've built it, tidal power is free. It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste. It needs no fuel. It produces electricity reliably. Not expensive to maintain. Tides are totally predictable. SO-3
- 24. GEOTHERMAL Energy from the hot rocks inside the earth Since high ‘T’ & high ‘P’ exists below the earth surfaces We can drill a hole up to the rocks and by using pipes, to get the steam to generate electricity SO-3
- 26. Like all steam turbine generators, the force of steam is used to spin the turbine blades which spin the generator, producing electricity. But with geothermal energy, no fuels are burned. SO-3
- 27. SO-3
- 28. COAL Coal: • Formed by decomposition (255-350 million years - heat & pressure) • Three types of coal, 1. Anthracite (Hard coal) – 90% C & 8700 kcal/kg. 2. Bituminous (Soft coal) – 80% C 3. Lignite (Brown coal) – 70% C. • Burning coal CO2 releases Global warming And also oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. • India – Odisha, West Bengal, MP, AP, J&K. SO-4
- 29. HOW IS COAL MADE ??? SO-4
- 30. NUCLEAR ENERGY • Known for its high destructive power • It is a non-renewable resource because once the uranium is used, it is gone! • Generated by two types of reactions: Nuclear fission: Nuclear change in which nucleus of certain isotope with large mass numbers are split into lighter nuclei on bombardment by neutrons and a large amount of energy is released by a chain reaction. Ex: Bombardment of U-235 by neutron 92U235 + 0n1 36Kr92 + 56Ba141 + 3 0n1 + Energy SO-4
- 31. • The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear fission. • Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy in the form of heat. U Kr Ba U SO-4
- 32. Nuclear fusion: Combining heavy hydrogen isotopes into helium (He) releases the greatest amount of power. 100 Billon °C Tarapur (Maharashtra, Rana Pratab Sagar near Kota (Rajasthan), Kalpakkam (TamilNadu), Narora (U.P) SO-4
- 33. Advantages to Using Nuclear Power • Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make. • Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. • Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Disadvantages of Nuclear Power • Although not much waste is produced, it is very, very dangerous. • It must be sealed up & buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. SO-4
- 34. BIOGAS • Energy from burning organic or living matter. • It is a mix. of methane (major), CO2, H2 & H2S • Produced by anaerobic degradation of animal wastes in presence of water • Non-polluting, clean, low cost SO-4
- 35. Image of Biogas plant SO-4
- 36. Biofuels • Biomass can be fermented to alcohols like EtOH, MeOH used as fuel. • From carbohydrate rich sources like sugarcane, corn & sorghum. • Clean & non-polluting • Less calorific value than petrol (so less heat) • Good substitute for kerosene & combustion is as clean as LPG. • Ex: Gasohol (mixture of ethanol + gasoline) SO-4
- 37. FA2 1. The maximum wind power is harvested in …….. a. London b. Kolkata c. New York d. California 2. What type of energy is derived from heated groundwater? a. Solar energy b. Geothermal energy c. Hydroelectric energy d. Nuclear energy
- 38. petrol Electrical energy Coal burning Energy Resources Renewable and Non- renewable resources Primary Energy sources Secondary energy sources Alternate energy sources Wind Fossil fuel Solar energy Nuclear fuel
- 40. 1. Ethanol production influences the petroleum price. Give reasons. 2. Debate whether Koodankulam project will affect the life of fishermen or not 3. What is neutrino project? Stimulating questions
- 41. 1. Anubha Kaushik, C.P. Kaushik, Environmental Science and Engineering , 4th Multi Colour Edtion, New Age International Publishers,2014. 2. A. Ravikrishnan, Environmental Science and Engineering, 5th revised Edition, Sri Krishna Hitech Publishing company (P) Ltd, 2009. Reference
- 42. Thank You...