17 SlidesBF in HIV Mothers.ppt
- 1. Overview of HIV and infant feeding After completing this session participants will be able to: • explain the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV • describe factors which influence mother-to-child transmission • outline approaches that can prevent mother-to-child transmission through safer infant feeding practices • state infant feeding recommendations for women who are HIV-positive and for women who are HIV-negative or do not know their status 17/1
- 2. Defining HIV and AIDS HIV • Human immunodeficiency virus is the virus that causes AIDS AIDS • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the active pathological condition that follows the earlier, non-symptomatic state of being HIV-positive 17/2
- 3. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV Young children who get HIV are usually infected through their mother • during pregnancy across the placenta • at the time of labour and birth through blood and secretions • through breastfeeding This is called mother-to-child transmission of HIV or MTCT 17/3
- 4. Estimated risk and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the absence of interventions Timing of MTCT of HIV Transmission Rate • During pregnancy 5-10% • During labour and delivery 10-15% • During breastfeeding 5-20% _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Overall without breastfeeding 15-25% • Overall with breastfeeding to 6 months 20-35% • Overall with breastfeeding to 18–24 months 30-45% 17/4
- 5. 100 mothers and babies 17/5
- 6. 1000 mothers and babies 17/5b
- 7. 100 mothers and babies 17/6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- 8. 1000 mothers and babies 17/6b
- 9. 100 mothers and babies 17/7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- 10. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 100 mothers and babies 17/8
- 11. 100 mothers and babies 17/9
- 12. 20 babies 17/10
- 13. 20 babies 17/11
- 14. 20 babies 17/12
- 15. Factors which affect mother-to-child transmission of HIV • Recent infection with HIV • Severity of disease • Sexually transmitted infections • Obstetric procedures • Duration of breastfeeding • Exclusive breastfeeding or mixed feeding • Condition of the breasts • Condition of the baby’s mouth 17/13
- 16. Policy of supporting breastfeeding “As a general principle, in all populations, irrespective of HIV infection rates, breastfeeding should continue to be protected, promoted and supported.” 17/14 HIV and Infant Feeding: a policy statement, developed collaboratively by UNAIDS, WHO and UNICEF, 1997.
- 17. Infant feeding recommendations for HIV-positive women • When replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, avoidance of all breastfeeding by HIV-infected mothers is recommended • Otherwise, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended during the first months of life 17/15