Immunity....(shweta).................pptx
- 1. Presented By – Shweta Singh
- 2. Immunity Immunity means being protected from something and being unaffected. Definition:- The resistance offered by the host to the harmful effect of pathogenic microbial infection is called immunity.
- 4. Innate immunity: This is basic immunity which may be genetically passed on from generation to other generation. Immunity with which an individual is born is called innate or natural immunity. Innate immunity is provided by various components such as Skin, mucus membrane, Phagocytic cells etc. Innate immunity acts as first line of defense to particular microorganisms. Types of innate immunity: Species immunity Racial immunity Individual immunity
- 5. 1. Species immunity: Individual of same species show uniform pattern of susceptibility to different bacterial infection If one species is resistant to certain infection and the other species is susceptible to the same infection then it is called as species immunity. 2. Racial immunity: •If one race is susceptible while other race is resistant to same infection, then it is called Racial immunity. •For examples; certain African race are more resistant to malaria and yellow fever where are Asian or Americans are susceptible to same infection. Similarly Orientals (East Asia) are relatively resistant to syphilis. •Racial immunity is determined by difference in Socio-economic status, habitat, culture feeding habits, environments, genetic, etc. 3. Individual immunity: •If one individual of certain race or cast is resistant while other individuals of same race or cast are susceptible to certain infection, then it is called as individual immunity •Individual immunity is determined by various factors such as health status, nutritional status, previous illness, personal hygiene, genetic differences etc. •For examples; Individual with genetic deficiency of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase are resistant to
- 7. Acquired or Developed immunity: Immunity which is developed later in life after microbial infection in host is called as Acquired or developed immunity. For example, If an individual is infected with chicken pox virus, he/she become resistant to same virus in later life. Acquired immunity is provided by Antibodies and certain T-lymphocytes. Components of acquired immunity such as Antibodies and T- cells are specific to particular microorganism. Therefore acquired immunity is also known as Specific immunity. Types of acquired immunity: 1.Active immunity 2.Passive immunity Active immunity: •If host itself produces antibodies, it is called active immunity. •It is of two types; artificial active immunity and natural active immunity. •Artificial active immunity: Immunity provided by vaccination. •Natural active immunity: immunity provided by natural infection.
- 8. Passive immunity: •If host does not produce antibodies itself but antibodies produced in other host provides immunity, than it is known as Passive immunity. •It is of two types; natural passive immunity and Artificial passive immunity •Natural passive immunity: IgG antibody produced in mother cross placenta and protects fetus up to 6 month old age. •Artificial passive immunity: if preformed antibody are injected into host for immunity. Eg. Anti-venom, Rabies vaccine (* it is not a vaccine, it is preformed anti rabies antibody)