18EE753-Module3.ppt

DISASTERS MANAGEMENT
(18EE753)
MODULE-3
12/15/2023

Action Plan for cyclone disaster
management
• Action Plan-Phase 1(Before)
• Action Plan-Phase II(During)
• Action Plan-Phase III(After)
12/15/2023

Action Plan for cyclone disaster
management
Three phases
• Phase1 Phase II Phase III
12/15/2023
Before the
commencement
of cyclone effect
During the
cyclone effect
After cyclone
crossing the coast
and weakening
Before During After

Action Plan Phase I
12/15/2023
IMD
Maritime State
district collectors
MROs, Division
officers, District
Heads
Village Local
committees,
Sarpanchs, Local
village level
officers
Mass Publicity by
drums and beats

Immediate actions have to be taken by
the committee
Procure
&Stock
• Procure and stock adequate quantities of food grains
Emergency
Vehicle
• All government vehicles be kept in working condition
Emergency
Power
• The list of working generators available in the district (including cinema theatres) may be given
Medical and
vetenary
• Medical and Veterinary Departments should store essential drugs and vaccines for preventive use
Cyclone
Stores
• Cyclone stores have to stock the following materials-Large cooking vessels,hooks for clearing
debris,Tents for emergency camps,First Aid Kits, torch lights, candles
12/15/2023

Actions to be taken by Authorities
Authorities
Action
Plan
Police
Department
Doctors of
District
Medical team
Agricultural
Department
Executive
Engineer
Irrigation
Department
Officials of
Road and
Building
Department
District Civil
supply
Officers
Municipal
Block
Development
Panchayat
authorities
12/15/2023

Action Plan Phase II
General
Administration
Department
(GAD)
Police
Army
Navy
Air force
12/15/2023

Immediate action Taken by the
Committee
12/15/2023
Evacuation
• Coastal people vulnerable to gales, storm surges and inundation.
• They may be accommodated in cyclone shelters, available schools, temples,
churches, mosques, railway waiting halls and other public safe buildings or in
army camps
Rescue
Vehicle
• All government vehicles be kept in working condition
Emergency
Power
• The list of working generators available in the district (including cinema
theatres) may be given

Action Plan Phase III(After)
After
Cyclone
Rescue
Operation
Rescue
Operation from
debris and
disposal of dead
and animal
carcasses
Relief
Disaster Reports
Distribution of
Relief
Restoration of
trains, roads
traffic
Health and
Sanitation
12/15/2023

Role of Different Institutions' in
Natural Disaster Management
• Role of Panchayat Raj
12/15/2023
Panchayat
Raj
Gram
Panchayats
Zilla
Parishad
MandaI
Parishad

Gram Panchayats
Preparedne
ss Action
Plan
•Before the onset of a cyclone or during phase I, Gram Panchayat councillors, ward members be
made in-charge of receiving the cyclone warning messages. A VHF set/Radio set / Community TV be
kept in working condition to monitor the warnings.
Disseminati
on of
Warnings
•As soon as the warnings are received from MandaI Control Room or District Control Room or State
HQ Control Room or monitored on radio, T.V, Sarpanch should call local committee members and
dissemination action should commence
Preparedne
ss for
Drinking
Water
•Panchayats should keep hand pumps in good working condition and store spare parts (for
emergency repairs).
• Panchayat Water Supply (PWS) schemes procured and kept in readiness
Food
•Rice, Wheat flour, dais, tamarind, chilli powder, salt, milk powder, LPG cylinders (cooking gas) with
stoves, kerosene, lighters, diesel oil, edible oils for cooking food at relief camps be proc;ured at
Panchayat level.
Transport
and
Communica
tion
•Panchayat Raj engineers should inspect, weak bridges, culverts, road breaches and repair them.
• Lorries, vehicles, boats, motor launches/local wooden sailing planks be kept ready for transporting
disaster victims to cyclone shelters and other relief camps
12/15/2023

Mandal Parishads
12/15/2023
Establish
Control
Room
•Designate people to monitor warnings received from State/C1strict Control rooms and directly from AIR/DO
• Communicate warnings to the concerned officials and Committees
Preparedne
ss action
Plan at
Mandai
level
•Activate Control Room for round the clock vigilance and working. Warning messages immediately send to the concerned people
positively.
Action Plan
during
Disaster
•Arrange temporary shelters or errect tents to lodge victims. Assess damages/losses to life and property
Action Plan
during Post
Disaster
•Provide some short period work (under Food for Work) to the most needy, serve food, rice, wheat flour etc. Help in restoration
of public and community assets.

Zilla Parishad
12/15/2023
Preparedne
ss before
the Onset
of Cyclones
•Chief executive officer/Chairman Zilla Parishad call an emergency meeting of the parishad members. Take stock of the situation and
take important decisions on matters of urgency. Establish Control Rooms Make publicity of the seriousness of the hazard situation.
Instruct executive engineers/ Dy E.E to tour and identify the weak and vulnerable points of roads, bridges, culverts, schools, public
buildings, public water supply schemes and strengthen or repair where it is necessary Assign work to the enlisted officers and hold
them responsible for execution
Action on
Receipt of
Cyclone
Alert
• Activate Control Room or joint information centre to work round the clock .Coordinate or liaise with neighbouring district Control Rooms for
mutual sharing of information and aid. 3. Pool alI resources at the command at a central place for easy catering. Coordinate the resources received
from outside. Order to move the spare parts of hand pumps and public water supply schemes and power generators to the identified centres.
Action Plan
when
Cyclone
Warning
received or
during
Disaster
•All concerned engineering staff be alerted and asked to attend urgent repairs of breaches of bunds of rivers, tanks etc. Liaise with the
neighbouring district counter parts and seek mutual assistance in grave situations. Coordinate relief operations of evacuation, establishing camps
etc. Mobilize sufficient funds from treasury to meet the situation. Coordinate with various line departments including army. Arrange prompt
distribution of relief materials and spares. Make prompt/instant cash payment to all labours/contractors. Arrange disposal of dead bodies and
animal carcasses after local identification. This should be done at the earliest (before they are decomposed). To ascertain the status position of
cyclone coordinate with other ZilIa Parishads and district administration.
Action Plan
when
Cyclone
dewarning
received
(or during
post
disaster)
•All officers involved in disaster mitigation, relief work should submit a detailled report of their work, including short comings, deficiencies faced
without exaggeration. Document about disaster in detail and the mitigation works. Critical assessment of damages may be prepared groupwise
which wilI be useful in future contingency plan.Experience in coordination and monitoring of post disaster actions may be reported. Experience and
difficulties faced in reaching vulnerable places or inaccessible places may be reported. Based on the experience gained in disaster mitigation,
training may be given to line departments staff and NGOs, stake holders for future benefit.

Role of PRA(Participatory Rural
Appraisal)Groups
• The PRA group generally consists village elders, prominent
men, ward members, councilors, teachers, doctors etc.
• PRA is a set of tools that can be adopted to increase the ability
of the community to analyze, understand and share with others
of the life and their living environment.
• It enables them to go for a process to plan, implement, monitor
and evaluate their nature of life and the living environment
12/15/2023

Role of PRA
PRA
Information of vulnerable
locations, vulnerable
communities, number of houses,
huts, number of families
residing, their socio economic
status, their proneness to
disasters and their help in
disaster mitigation work
The statistics of
individual/community
assets which were
affected
during the past disaster
events
Adequacy of usefulness
of the warnings in the
earlier disaster events
warnings
Accuracy, lead time or
the usefulness of the
warnings in the earlier
disaster events
Information of
retired teachers, doctors,
officials, ex-servicemen,
Policemen, Paramedical
staff
12/15/2023

Applications of PRA
• Community or people be informed the basic aim of collection of
information.
• The sharing of information with them should be friendly and in helpful
atmosphere.
• Encourage the people to share their information and advisories in their own
way.
• Complete freedom be given to express their views and which shall be
noted. They should not be restricted to express their views.
• Each PRA group may be composed of 5 to 6 members. Selection of
members in a group in different areas may be composed of different strata
of community.
• To extract or collect information frame the questions in different ways.
• The involvement of local people (in PRA groups) in hazard preparedness, a
number of activities have to be planned, organised, monitored and executed
by the role players and stake holders to reduce the loss of life and damages.
12/15/2023

Disaster Management Gol-UNDP
Programme
• The Gol and UNDP Disaster Risk
Management Programme provides support to
the Government (State) to establish
institutions/agencies to address disaster
preparedness, response, prevention and
mitigation.
12/15/2023

Disaster Management Gol-UNDP
Programme
• Capacity building to institutionalize systems for disaster
management in the government
• Support preparation of participatory multi-hazard
preparedness plans, through preparation of response and
mitigation plans for disaster risk management at State,
District, Block (mandaI) and Village and ward level in 176
most multi-hazard prone districts of 17 selected States
• Awareness generation and education programmes in disaster
risk reduction and recovery
• Networking knowledge on effective approaches, methods
and tools for disaster risk management, developing and
promoting policy frame works at State and National levels.
12/15/2023

Role of NGOs, Self Help Groups in
Disaster Management
• The role of NGOs in disaster management is well
appreciated by the Health and Medical Services.
Community participation in disaster management
will boost the morale of the affected people.
• The Human Resources Development wing should
encourage to involve them actively in disaster
relief and reconstruction work.
• In India the prominent NGOs include: Helpage
India, Ramakrishna mission, RSS,Christian
Missionaries, Satya Sai Seva Samiti etc.
12/15/2023

Role of NGOs, Self Help Groups in
Disaster Management
• NGOs and Self Help Groups be trained in civil
defence, which would pave the way for their
self dependency.
• It will help in locating hazard prone localities
due to the perception of the threat.
• In case of distribution of scarce materials and
water management it will be smooth sailing.
12/15/2023

• National Institute of Amateur Radio (NIAR) established
HAM Radio Network along east coast belt
• NIAR actively participates in major events of Melas,
Pushkars, Rallies etc.
• These activities earned the good name and confidence
from the public and government for selfless service in
the hour of need. Presently this system is being linked
through satellite communication and works efficiently
except during solar flares and magnetic storms.
12/15/2023

Role of Red Cross in Disaster
Management
• Jean-Henry Dunant, a swiss humanitarian established
the Red Cross in June 1859
• The Indian Red Cross Society has its Head Quarters in
Delhi and each State has its chapters.
• The President of India is President of National Society
and Governors of each State is the president of that
State chapter.
• District Magistrate/District Collector is the president of
the District Red Cross.
• The membership of a district Red Cross may vary from
5 to 25 thousand, however 10% of these members
regarded as Active in times of crisis.
12/15/2023

• Red Cross pays visit and enquires about the welfare of
prisoners in war camps and provide relief supplies, mail
letters and information to their relatives.
• The League of Red Cross Societies has a Secretariat in
Geneva, which helps to provide relief in natural
disasters and also helps in the development of National
Red Cross Societies.
• The World-wide structure of the International Red
Cross consists of International Committee of the Red
Cross, the League of Red Cross Societies and National
Red Cross Societies.
12/15/2023

The main activities of Red Cross
• First Aid, Blood Banks, Medical Clinics,
meternal and Child Welfare Centres, Accident
Prevention, Water safety.
12/15/2023

Benefits of Involvement of Red Cross in
Natural Disasters
• Red Cross motivates the voluntary workers for manual labour in times of crisis,
provides skill workers (like doctors, nurses etc).
• It provides food, blankets, clothing, emergency shelters, medicines, blood supplies,
first aid, life saving drugs and procedures, transportation, counselling the affected
people to boost their morale, cooking and distribution, rehabilitation and
reconstruction of housing colonies.
• The other advantages of Red Cross involvement in natural disaster management is
that it has country wide membership, high credibility in general public, it can get
relief help from all the countries through the League of Red Cross Societies.
• It has large network of blood banks and voluntary blood donors.
• National Red Cross has always been in the forefront in rendering help to the
effected in times of natural calamities.
• International community prefers giving its voluntary aid to Red Cross agencies for
distribution to the effected people.
• Red Cross has universal recognition for identification and deployment in disaster
relief work.
12/15/2023

The Role of Defence and other Services in
Disaster Management
12/15/2023

Role of Air Force in Disaster
Management
• An aerial survey for disaster assessment or visual
and photographic reconnaissance
• Air landing or dropping of relief supplies (food,
water etc.), personal and task teams
• Aerial evacuation of marooned people or
entrapped in fire in multistoried building
• To supplement long distance communication
facilities
• Air lift of relief material and personnel to the
nearest Air-HQ
12/15/2023

• IAF helicopters are capable of performing many
roles, tasks, relief and mercy missions.
• IAF is most useful to rescue people trapped in
snowclad Himalayan heights, trapped people in a
cable car, fire in sky scrapers (multi storied
buildings) flood marooned people, earthquake
victims who are totally cut-off from rest of the
world.
• IAF has light helicopters (Chetak) medium lift
MI-8, MI-17 and high lift MI-26 helicopters
12/15/2023

Role of Medical and Health Department
in
Cyclone Disaster Management
• First Aid to the injured
• Treatment to the causalities
• Postmortem (autopsies), burial/creamation of the dead,
• Disposal of dead livestock
• Providing medical facilities (treatment to the injured, ailing
and shifting to the medical camps if required)
• Maintaining the records of the dead people in the disaster
• Providing safe drinking water, (chlorinated or bleached
water)
• Disinfection of the polluted surroundings (with phenyl,
lime/bleaching powder)
12/15/2023

Role of Medical and Health Department in
Preparedness Plan
at District level
• Identification of vulnerable villages prone to cyclones, floods under each PHC.
• A medical team should consist of one male and one female multipurpose health assistant, one medical
supervisor.
• District Medical Health Officer should discuss with the District Collector and seek his approval of
arrangement (men and material).
• He should procure adequate essential medicines, equipment, stock them and arrange to send them to
the pre assigned places (PHCs).
• He should issue specific instructions to Dy. Civil Surgeons of identified Government Hospitals, which
are to be used as referral hospitals, to cooperate with PHC in cyclone prone areas.
Preparedness plan
at PHC level
• Health supervisors at PHC should prepare a list of cyclonelflood prone villages with GIS
(Geographical Information System) of water resources, cyclone shelters and population size.
• Responsibilities be assigned to the Health Supervisor and his health team to take charge of
specific villages for implementing Medical Relief measures in those villages during cyclone.
• It is the responsibility of Health Supervisor to store adequate drugs, disinfectants, chlorination
• He should maintain butfor stock of essential drugs at PHC and should inspect cyclone
shelters, find the amenities available and supply essential medicines and First Aid Kit.
12/15/2023

• The responsibilities of Divisional Officer of
Medical and Health services are
• Daily inspection of cyclone affected areas,
coordinate with other Divisional cyclone, flood
control officers particularly Revenue and Police,
procure boats, motor launches, pump sets for
bailing out of stagnant water, collect daily reports
from PHCs, regulation of relief activities at PHC
level including diversion of vehicles and
manpower where required.
12/15/2023

• At PHC Level:
• The responsibility of Medical Officer (Family Welfare)
to supervise and organise the work.
• Medical officer (Regular) with the help of Health
supervisor, should visit and survey at least half the area
covered by PHC and the other half to be covered by
Medical Officer (child health welfare) with the help of
Block Extension Educator.
• Field level assistance would be provided by
multipurpose health supervisor,multipurpose worker,
village health guide and voluntary organisations
12/15/2023

• Post Cyclone activities
• After stabilization and rehabilitation work, Medical and Health Department
should continue its work for a prescribed number of days independently.
• District Health Educator should provide field publicity and Health
education through mass media.
• He should tour the affected areas and address the people with film
projections, pamphlets on hygiene and personal health care against
water borne diseases and the likely epidemics.
• Pasting of door slips may also be undertaken.
• At PHC level and Divisional level the activities performed during the
cyclone period would be continued for specific period.
• At village level Public Health Services are continued.
• Village level health workers should undertake antimalarial operations
12/15/2023

National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF)
12/15/2023

(NDRF)
• At present NDRF has eight battalions, of which
seven are located at Guwahati, Kolkata,
undali(Bhubaneshwar),Arakonam(Chennai),
Talegoan (Pune), Gandhinagar (Gujarat) and
Chandigarh
• The personnel are specially trained in (i)
collapsed structure search and rescue, (ii) water
rescue and diving, iii)Medical First Response, (iv)
Heli-slithering (Helicopter based resene
operations) (v) Chemical, Biological,
Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN).
12/15/2023

(NDRF)
• All the eight battalions are equipped and trained for all natural
disasters.
• Four of these battalions are specially trained for
CBRN(Chemical,Biological ,Radiological Nuclear) emergencies.
• NDRF is to be trained to meet the above situation at BARC
(BhabaAtomic Research Centre), Mumbai, DRDE
(DefenceResearch Development Establishment), Gwalior, and CME
(College of Military Engineering), Pune.
• NDRF is a multidisciplinary, multi-skilled, hi-tech force for all types
of disasters capable of insertion by land, air and sea.
• The NDRF personnel are being trained for heli-insertion in impact
areas with the help of IAF
12/15/2023

(NDRF)
• For the success of both natural and man-made
disaster mitigation, response it is necessary to
provide on the similar lines of NDRF training and
equip agencies like Police, Civil Defence, Home
guards, Fire Services and youth organisations like
• NCC, NSS, NYKS to play complementary role as
force multiplier in Disaster Response towards
building disaster resilence in the country.
12/15/2023

Role of Remote Sensing in Disaster
Management
• The process of observing an object with the aid of
electromagnetic spectra (band of radiation
wavelengths) that human eye cannot see may be
called remote sensing.
• In meteorology this term is used for observing
meteorological parameters with radiometers on
board satellites.
• Thus remote sensing is the measurement of
returned or back radiation from the earth
atmosphere system (which is achieved by
radiometers).
12/15/2023

Management
• Satellite remote sensing of severe natural events
aid in detecting, tracking of the phenomena and
lends support in disaster management
• Satellite based data are useful in:
• (i) Detection of severe events,
• (ii) Earth observation,
• (iii) Delivery of warnings directly to the people of
the affected area,
• (iv) Data relay and communication capabilities.
12/15/2023

Management
• Satellite imageries are useful in detection and monitoring of cyclones over
seas particularly when they are beyond the range of radars of coastal areas.
• The imageries are useful in detection of cyclone Eye, wall cloud region,
line squalls,
• estimating cloud-top temperatures, cloud motion winds (CMW), vertical
temperature profiles (VTPR), humidity profiles, sea surface temperature
(SST), Tropical easterly jet (TEJ).
• Satellite imageries are received either from polar orbiting satellite or
geostationary satellites.
• Earth resources satellites such as IRS, LANDSAT, NOAA, GOES, INSAT,
KALPANA-l are used for infering ground features cyclone impact on
coastal areas.
• Thermal measurement data are used for detection of flood inundation.
• OLR (outgoing long wave radiation) data may be used for detect heavy to
very heavy rainfall zones.
• Thus satellite data is useful in flood mapping, flood monitoring, cyclone
impact on coastal areas and hence useful in cyclone, flood mitigation work.
12/15/2023

Role of Broadcast, Educational Media in
Disaster Management
• Media plays an important role in disaster management
particularly in preparedness, warning and mitigation
• All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan (DD) are the
main National Broad casting system of Government of
India and these media is responsible for immediate
broadcasting of official warnings,dos and don'ts in any
emergency situations
• Though Government responds to the ill effects of
natural disasters but in many cases the urgency of relief
requirement is brought to the notice of the Government
and NGOs by media broadcast, news publication during
or just after the calamity
12/15/2023

• The Director General of Information and Broadcasting and Public
Relations Officer should arrange natural hazard programmes in
connection with the celebrations of Science Day, World Water Day,
World Health Day, World, Meteorological Day etc
• These occasions may be used to broadcast on AIR, TV channels
relating to natural hazards particularly about Cyclones, Earthquakes,
Floods, Droughts, Tsunamis, Avalanches, landslides, Heatwaves,
Coldwaves, Local Severe Thunderstorms, Tornadoes etc., to focus
the attention of the people about the hazards associated with these
events and make them aware how to face them or prevent their ill
effects.
• Expert Meteorologists, Hydrologists, Seismologists and other
reputed scientists, teachers be invited to deliver talks on natural
disasters and the same may be published/propagated through
newspapers, Radio, T.V broadcasts to educate the people on the lines
of propagation / publicity of Family planning, Adult Education,
AIDS, Polio eradication etc.
12/15/2023
Disaster Management

• Posters depicting natural hazards and the precautions to
be taken by the affected people be exhibited at
prominent places like Railway/Bus stations, Airports,
Market yards, Cinema houses, large play grounds,
schools. colleges, libraries, stadiums, Highways etc.
• Publicity department should make films on natural
disasters and arrange film shows through voluntary
organizations, educational institutions.
• Distribute the hand outs of Dos and Dont's during
natural disasters.
• Education department should encourage the teachers
for conducting essay writing competitions, and teachers
be encouraged to become local Disaster Management
committee members.
12/15/2023
Disaster Management

Role of AIR
• It is the primary responsibility of AIR to receive warning messages
from IMD and broadcast them immediately in the local language.
• AIR should obtain the latest warning bulletins and broadcast them
every 15 to 30 minutes interrupting in normal broadcast.
• This should continue till de warning is issued (in case of cyclone).
• During disaster phase AIR should broadcast evacuation messages in
local language issued by the District Collector of the concerned area.
• Warning messages should not be broadcast soon after de warning
issued.
• Similarly old warning messages should not be broadcast. Efforts be
made to obtain latest warnings from IMD and broadcast it,
otherwise the credibility of forecast may be lost.
• It will be more effective if the latest warning are directly broadcast
through mouth of local in charge or Duty Officer of IMD in the local
language or which may be followed by translation in local language.
12/15/2023

Role of DoorDarshan
• DD is the Government of India's National TV broadcasting organisation. It
operates on similar lines of AIR.
• During emergency situations like cyclones, floods IMD warning bulletins
be telecast as news bulletins.
• DD instructed to broadcast official emergency bulletin news and pictures at
anytime of day or night. Where possible DD arrange to take snapshots of
actual emergency situations and project them in telecast.
• Due importance be given to telecast the authoritative warnings directly
from the mouth of local IMD officer in charge or Duty Officer and not the
political leaders and research institute staff who have no responsibility
except projecting individuals.
• It has been the past experience that in emergency situations such individual
projections cause more harm than benefit.
• Under preparedness plan both AIR and DD should invite experience IMD
officers (serving or retired) to deliver talks on severe weather events with
appropriate past data and pictures
12/15/2023

18EE753-Module3.ppt

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